大口径车载火炮多柔体动力学与总体优化研究
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摘要
本文应用柔性多体系统动力学、灵敏度分析及优化设计理论对车载火炮发射时的全炮受力与运动规律及总体结构参数优化进行了深入的研究,为该类武器的总体设计和结构设计提供理论依据和决策参考。
根据车载火炮发射过程的物理特点,基于第一类Lagrange方程研究了车载火炮多柔体系统动力学的建模理论和方法。利用子结构部件的约束模态、Craig附着模态和Krylov Lanczos模态描述构件的弹性变形,建立了适合于刚体与刚体三维接触碰撞的点-面接触模型,在考虑土壤弹塑性、下沉和卸载等复杂因素的基础上建立了土壤与驻锄/车轮的Bekker接触模型,讨论了多柔体系统运动微分方程的数值求解理论与方法。
建立了车载火炮发射时的多柔体系统动力学模型,考虑了身管和上架的弹性变形,通过主从节点定义界面节点的方法定义弹性体与外界的连接关系,实现了弹性身管和上架与其它附件之间的刚柔耦合,建立了车载火炮发射时的炮膛合力、驻退机力、复进机力、平衡机力等载荷的数学模型,编制了专用计算模块,利用动态链接库的方法实现了与ADAMS软件的有机连接,利用实测数据对预测的车载火炮部分运动响应进行了分析对比,验证了所建模型和预测结果的可信度。
利用变分方法建立了车载火炮多柔体系统动力学灵敏度分析模型,研究了身管与摇架的配合间隙、前套箍与后套箍位置、火炮回转中心布置、驻锄中心纵向位置、动力偶臂、等效刚度、阻尼、主要构件质量等总体结构参数对弹丸出炮口瞬间炮口振动参量的影响,找出对炮口扰动影响较大的参数,为火炮总体结构参数的优化设计提供依据。
在分析状态空间法和梯度投影法等传统优化方法的基础上,结合车载火炮多柔体系统动力学优化计算的特点,提出采用遗传算法进行火炮总体结构参数优化,基于Pareto优化理论给出了多目标优化遗传算法,对ADAMS的底层仿真和数据结构进行了研究和开发,利用小生境遗传算法和ADAMS Solver进行车载火炮多柔体系统动力学优化计算,优化结果表明火炮总体结构参数经过优化组合后可以使炮口扰动明显降低,充分说明了火炮总体方案优化的必要性和重要性。
Dynamics problem of truck-mounted howitzer in firing is studied by the theory of flexible multi-body dynamics, and the overall structure parameters of howitzer system is optimized by means of sensitivity analysis and optimization theory, which can provide theoretical foundation and design decision for overall design and structural design of such weapon systems.
In term of the physical characteristics of gun launch, the modeling of flexible bodies system dynamics is investigated for truck-mounted howitzer by the method of the first kind of Lagrange's equations. The elastic deformation of part is described by the modal superposition of constraint modes, Craig attachment modes and Krylov Lanczos modes of substructure. The node-to-surface contact/impact dynamics is represented to model the 3D contact/impact between rigid bodies. The Bekker model is constructed to deal with the contact between soil and spade/wheel, in which the complicated factors such as elasticity and plasticity of soil, the sinkage of soil under loading or unloading are taken into consideration. The numeric computation for differential equations of flexible bodies system dynamics is discussed.
The dynamics model of flexible bodies system is set up for a truck-mounted howitzer during firing, in which both the barrel and the upper carriage are treated as the flexible bodies. The connection between the flexible body and other objects is implemented by interface points defined by master and slave nodes, and then the coupling between rigid and flexible bodies can be successfully integrated. The mathematical models of bore force and forces generated by recoil mechanism, recuperator and equilibrator are formulated for launch load of truck-mounted howitzer, and the specific codes for such forces are developed, and finally transformed into dynamic link library, through which the user program can be incorporated with ADAMS package. The comparison between the predicted dynamics response and the tested data is conducted, and then the model and the simulated results can be validated.
The sensitivity analysis model for flexible bodies system dynamics of truck-mounted howitzers is built by the variation method. The effects of overall structure parameters on the muzzle disturbance when projectile at exit are examined, including the clearance between tube and cradle, the position of front ferrule and rear ferrule, the layout of traverse rotation center, the longitudinal position of the spade center, the mass eccentricity of the recoil parts, the equivalent stiffness and damping, and the mass of the main parts. Parameters which take great effects on the muzzle disturbance are figured out, which can be of importance in optimization design of the overall structure parameters.
In light of analysis on classical optimization of State Space method and Projected Gradient method, and characteristics of dynamics optimization for flexible bodies system dynamics of truck-mounted howitzers, the Genetic Algorithm (GA) is proposed for optimization of overall structure parameters of gun system. The GA for Multi-Objective Optimization(MOO) is derived by Pareto optimal approach. The Solver-Based-Simulation and data base of ADAMS is developed, and the dynamics optimization is performed for flexible bodies system dynamics of truck-mounted howitzers by use of Niched Genetic Algorithm (NGA) and ADAMS Solver. Upon completion of the optimization for the overall structure parameters, the muzzle disturbance can be obviously reduced, which can illustrate the necessity and importance of optimization for overall design proposal of gun system.
根据车载火炮发射过程的物理特点,基于第一类Lagrange方程研究了车载火炮多柔体系统动力学的建模理论和方法。利用子结构部件的约束模态、Craig附着模态和Krylov Lanczos模态描述构件的弹性变形,建立了适合于刚体与刚体三维接触碰撞的点-面接触模型,在考虑土壤弹塑性、下沉和卸载等复杂因素的基础上建立了土壤与驻锄/车轮的Bekker接触模型,讨论了多柔体系统运动微分方程的数值求解理论与方法。
建立了车载火炮发射时的多柔体系统动力学模型,考虑了身管和上架的弹性变形,通过主从节点定义界面节点的方法定义弹性体与外界的连接关系,实现了弹性身管和上架与其它附件之间的刚柔耦合,建立了车载火炮发射时的炮膛合力、驻退机力、复进机力、平衡机力等载荷的数学模型,编制了专用计算模块,利用动态链接库的方法实现了与ADAMS软件的有机连接,利用实测数据对预测的车载火炮部分运动响应进行了分析对比,验证了所建模型和预测结果的可信度。
利用变分方法建立了车载火炮多柔体系统动力学灵敏度分析模型,研究了身管与摇架的配合间隙、前套箍与后套箍位置、火炮回转中心布置、驻锄中心纵向位置、动力偶臂、等效刚度、阻尼、主要构件质量等总体结构参数对弹丸出炮口瞬间炮口振动参量的影响,找出对炮口扰动影响较大的参数,为火炮总体结构参数的优化设计提供依据。
在分析状态空间法和梯度投影法等传统优化方法的基础上,结合车载火炮多柔体系统动力学优化计算的特点,提出采用遗传算法进行火炮总体结构参数优化,基于Pareto优化理论给出了多目标优化遗传算法,对ADAMS的底层仿真和数据结构进行了研究和开发,利用小生境遗传算法和ADAMS Solver进行车载火炮多柔体系统动力学优化计算,优化结果表明火炮总体结构参数经过优化组合后可以使炮口扰动明显降低,充分说明了火炮总体方案优化的必要性和重要性。
Dynamics problem of truck-mounted howitzer in firing is studied by the theory of flexible multi-body dynamics, and the overall structure parameters of howitzer system is optimized by means of sensitivity analysis and optimization theory, which can provide theoretical foundation and design decision for overall design and structural design of such weapon systems.
In term of the physical characteristics of gun launch, the modeling of flexible bodies system dynamics is investigated for truck-mounted howitzer by the method of the first kind of Lagrange's equations. The elastic deformation of part is described by the modal superposition of constraint modes, Craig attachment modes and Krylov Lanczos modes of substructure. The node-to-surface contact/impact dynamics is represented to model the 3D contact/impact between rigid bodies. The Bekker model is constructed to deal with the contact between soil and spade/wheel, in which the complicated factors such as elasticity and plasticity of soil, the sinkage of soil under loading or unloading are taken into consideration. The numeric computation for differential equations of flexible bodies system dynamics is discussed.
The dynamics model of flexible bodies system is set up for a truck-mounted howitzer during firing, in which both the barrel and the upper carriage are treated as the flexible bodies. The connection between the flexible body and other objects is implemented by interface points defined by master and slave nodes, and then the coupling between rigid and flexible bodies can be successfully integrated. The mathematical models of bore force and forces generated by recoil mechanism, recuperator and equilibrator are formulated for launch load of truck-mounted howitzer, and the specific codes for such forces are developed, and finally transformed into dynamic link library, through which the user program can be incorporated with ADAMS package. The comparison between the predicted dynamics response and the tested data is conducted, and then the model and the simulated results can be validated.
The sensitivity analysis model for flexible bodies system dynamics of truck-mounted howitzers is built by the variation method. The effects of overall structure parameters on the muzzle disturbance when projectile at exit are examined, including the clearance between tube and cradle, the position of front ferrule and rear ferrule, the layout of traverse rotation center, the longitudinal position of the spade center, the mass eccentricity of the recoil parts, the equivalent stiffness and damping, and the mass of the main parts. Parameters which take great effects on the muzzle disturbance are figured out, which can be of importance in optimization design of the overall structure parameters.
In light of analysis on classical optimization of State Space method and Projected Gradient method, and characteristics of dynamics optimization for flexible bodies system dynamics of truck-mounted howitzers, the Genetic Algorithm (GA) is proposed for optimization of overall structure parameters of gun system. The GA for Multi-Objective Optimization(MOO) is derived by Pareto optimal approach. The Solver-Based-Simulation and data base of ADAMS is developed, and the dynamics optimization is performed for flexible bodies system dynamics of truck-mounted howitzers by use of Niched Genetic Algorithm (NGA) and ADAMS Solver. Upon completion of the optimization for the overall structure parameters, the muzzle disturbance can be obviously reduced, which can illustrate the necessity and importance of optimization for overall design proposal of gun system.
引文
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