纤维方位角对玻纤增强复合材料细观力学行为的影响研究
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摘要
玻璃纤维增强环氧树脂复合材料(GFRP)因其高强度比、高刚度比等特性广泛用于轻质结构中。本文利用SEM高温疲劳试验系统，系统研究了GFRP在单轴加载条件下的力学性能及其随纤维方位角的关系，并通过SEM图像分析，结合应力应变关系曲线研究了纤维增强复合材料在单向载荷下的破坏过程及损伤演化规律。引入岩石力学单一节理模型，给出了峰值强度随纤维方位角的关系。基于弹性力学理论，通过转置刚度矩阵在Mathematica环境下生成横观各向同性复合材料的杨氏模量随纤维方位角(0-90o)的关系表达式。在Abaqus CAE环境下生成不同纤维方位角的有限元模型，并将理论结果与实验结果、数值模拟结果进行对比分析，均发现了纤维增强复合材料的杨氏模量随纤维方位角呈先减小后增加的U型趋势，并得到杨氏模量与纤维含量和纤维方位角的统计关系式。进一步利用扩展有限元法(XFEM)，研究了GFRP在拉伸载荷下的开裂过程，得到了纤维方位角对裂纹扩展路径的影响规律。
Glass fiber-reinforced polymer (GFRP) composites are widely used in low-weightconstructions due to high specific strength and modulus. In-situ experiments of damage growthin under unidirectional loading are carried out. By analyzing the experimental results of severalgroups of samples with different fiber orientation angles, the effect of the orientation angles ofglass fibers on the mechanical properties of composites and the damage mechanisms is analyzed.The damage mechanisms and microstructural changes in GFRP subject to unidirectional loadingare observed. An analytical model based on single discontinuity theory is proposed to explain thecompressive strength of glass fiber reinforced composites. From the basic theory of elasticmechanics, a procedure which can be applied to evaluate the elastic stiffness matrix of FRPcomposite as an analytical function of fiber orientation angle (0-90o), is developed inMathematica environment to explore the effect of fiber orientation angle on the Young’s modulusof composites. Different finite element models with inclined glass fiber are developed via theABAQUS Scripting Interface to explore the effect of inclined angle of fiber on the Young’smodulus of composites. The comparative analysis shows that the peak strength, Young’smodulus decrease with increasing the fiber angles at first, and slightly increase after45-60. Therelation among the Young’s modulus, fiber content and fiber angel is obtained. Furthermore,fracture mechanism of GFRP under tensive loads is studied by using XFEM.
Glass fiber-reinforced polymer (GFRP) composites are widely used in low-weightconstructions due to high specific strength and modulus. In-situ experiments of damage growthin under unidirectional loading are carried out. By analyzing the experimental results of severalgroups of samples with different fiber orientation angles, the effect of the orientation angles ofglass fibers on the mechanical properties of composites and the damage mechanisms is analyzed.The damage mechanisms and microstructural changes in GFRP subject to unidirectional loadingare observed. An analytical model based on single discontinuity theory is proposed to explain thecompressive strength of glass fiber reinforced composites. From the basic theory of elasticmechanics, a procedure which can be applied to evaluate the elastic stiffness matrix of FRPcomposite as an analytical function of fiber orientation angle (0-90o), is developed inMathematica environment to explore the effect of fiber orientation angle on the Young’s modulusof composites. Different finite element models with inclined glass fiber are developed via theABAQUS Scripting Interface to explore the effect of inclined angle of fiber on the Young’smodulus of composites. The comparative analysis shows that the peak strength, Young’smodulus decrease with increasing the fiber angles at first, and slightly increase after45-60. Therelation among the Young’s modulus, fiber content and fiber angel is obtained. Furthermore,fracture mechanism of GFRP under tensive loads is studied by using XFEM.
引文
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