硼系延期药的研究
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摘要
该课题研究了几种含可燃剂硼(B)的硼系延期药(B—CuO、B—Pb_3O_4、B—BaCrO_4)，重点对B—CuO作了研究。主要的研究内容有：B含量与线性平均燃速的关系，并由此选用B含量适合的延期药；通过原材料的细化与粒度分级，研究了粒度对延期性能的影响；原材料预处理和混药方式对延期性能的影响；以及影响延期性能的其它因素，如压药压力、压装次数、装药量等；最后还研究了含不同粘合剂的硼系延期药的压药药柱强度(机械强度)等。经过实验研究，得出如下主要结论：
(1) B—Pb_3O_4延期药为短延期；B—CuO延期药为短中延期；B—BaCrO_4为中长延期。
(2) 对B—CuO延期药，原材料的粒径越细，其平均燃速减小；而延期精度提高，压药强度增强。
(3) 对B—CuO延期药，原材料经过预处理和改善混药方式后，可增加组分的反应活性，使燃速增加，延期精度提高。
(4) 选择合适的粘合剂可以提高延期药压药药柱的强度。
Some boron-based delay compositions (B-CuO, B-Pb3O4, B-BaCrO4) are studied in this paper, especially the B-CuO delay composition. The mainly work has: the relation of boron contents and the average liner burning rate, through which chooseing suitable boron contents in these delay compositions; the iMPact of different particle diameters on delay characteristics, by the means of granularity classfication; the iMPact on delay characteristics through pre-treatment to the raw materials and improvement of mixing means ; and some other factors, such as the pressure of charge, loaded times, the charge mass of delay composition; at last ,the mechanical intensities of boron based delay compositions with some different binders. Through the tests, some useful conclusions are as follows:
(1) B-Pb3O4 is short delay time composition; B-CuO is short or midden delay time
compositions; and B-BaCrO4 is midden or long delay compositions.
(2) To B-CuO delay composition, the smaller particle size, the lower average linear burning rate, the better delay precision , and the higher mechanical intensities.
(3) To B-CuO delay composition, after pre-disposal to the raw materials and improvement of the mixing means, the compositon is more active, and the burning rate is higher, the delay precision is better.
(4) With suitable binders, boron based delay compositions have better mechanical intensities.
(1) B—Pb_3O_4延期药为短延期；B—CuO延期药为短中延期；B—BaCrO_4为中长延期。
(2) 对B—CuO延期药，原材料的粒径越细，其平均燃速减小；而延期精度提高，压药强度增强。
(3) 对B—CuO延期药，原材料经过预处理和改善混药方式后，可增加组分的反应活性，使燃速增加，延期精度提高。
(4) 选择合适的粘合剂可以提高延期药压药药柱的强度。
Some boron-based delay compositions (B-CuO, B-Pb3O4, B-BaCrO4) are studied in this paper, especially the B-CuO delay composition. The mainly work has: the relation of boron contents and the average liner burning rate, through which chooseing suitable boron contents in these delay compositions; the iMPact of different particle diameters on delay characteristics, by the means of granularity classfication; the iMPact on delay characteristics through pre-treatment to the raw materials and improvement of mixing means ; and some other factors, such as the pressure of charge, loaded times, the charge mass of delay composition; at last ,the mechanical intensities of boron based delay compositions with some different binders. Through the tests, some useful conclusions are as follows:
(1) B-Pb3O4 is short delay time composition; B-CuO is short or midden delay time
compositions; and B-BaCrO4 is midden or long delay compositions.
(2) To B-CuO delay composition, the smaller particle size, the lower average linear burning rate, the better delay precision , and the higher mechanical intensities.
(3) To B-CuO delay composition, after pre-disposal to the raw materials and improvement of the mixing means, the compositon is more active, and the burning rate is higher, the delay precision is better.
(4) With suitable binders, boron based delay compositions have better mechanical intensities.
引文
1．潘功配．烟火技术基础与应用．江苏科技出版社，1989．5
2．吴幼成，宋敬埔．延期药技术综述．爆破器材，2000．4
3．戴实之．火工技术．兵器工业部教材编审室，1987．4
4．周彬、秦志春、徐振相、谢大铭．火工品原理．南京理工大学，1998．6
5．陈福梅．火工品原理与设计．北京：兵器工业出版社，1990．10
6．陈继业．引信延期雷管分析．火工品，1996．3
7. Kayaku Gakkaishi. Combustion mechanical of tungsten- potassium perchlorate-barium chromate delay powder. Journal of the Japan Explosives Society 61 1 2000 Japan Explosives Society p 7-12 1340-2781.
8. Kayaku Gakkaishi. Effect of pressure on the combustion characteristics of tungsten-potassium perchlorate-barium chromate delay powder. Journal of the Japan Explosives Society 61 5 Sep 2000 Japan Explosives Society p 224-229 1340-2781.
9. Faber, Gunther edt. Pyrotechnic delay comopsitions. United States Patent 4963204, October 16,1990.
10．徐厚宝，盛涤伦．火工药剂细化技术评价与展望．火工品，2000．2
11．刘宏英，李春俊，李凤生．易燃易爆材料超细粉碎技术及设备研究新进展．爆破器材，1999．4
12．张小宁，徐更光，王廷增．射流撞击粉碎法制备超细炸药原理分析．爆炸与冲击，1999．7
13．陈太林．水悬浮法造粒点火药的制备及其性能．火工品，1999．3
14. Honzinger, Walter, etc. Pyrotechnical delay composition. USP4776275, Oct. 11, 1988.
15．张克林，刘自汤等．塑料导爆管点燃延期药的初步探讨．爆破器材，1989．
16. Hidetsugu Nakamurura, Yuuzi Tomioku,etc. Effect of barium peroxide activity on the reactivity of barium peroxide-lead chromate-Dinitronaphthalenechlorinated rubber delay composition. Kayaku Gakkaishi,Vol.60,No.6,1999.
17．姚守拙，朱元保等编．元素化学反应手册．湖南教育出版社，1998．7
2．吴幼成，宋敬埔．延期药技术综述．爆破器材，2000．4
3．戴实之．火工技术．兵器工业部教材编审室，1987．4
4．周彬、秦志春、徐振相、谢大铭．火工品原理．南京理工大学，1998．6
5．陈福梅．火工品原理与设计．北京：兵器工业出版社，1990．10
6．陈继业．引信延期雷管分析．火工品，1996．3
7. Kayaku Gakkaishi. Combustion mechanical of tungsten- potassium perchlorate-barium chromate delay powder. Journal of the Japan Explosives Society 61 1 2000 Japan Explosives Society p 7-12 1340-2781.
8. Kayaku Gakkaishi. Effect of pressure on the combustion characteristics of tungsten-potassium perchlorate-barium chromate delay powder. Journal of the Japan Explosives Society 61 5 Sep 2000 Japan Explosives Society p 224-229 1340-2781.
9. Faber, Gunther edt. Pyrotechnic delay comopsitions. United States Patent 4963204, October 16,1990.
10．徐厚宝，盛涤伦．火工药剂细化技术评价与展望．火工品，2000．2
11．刘宏英，李春俊，李凤生．易燃易爆材料超细粉碎技术及设备研究新进展．爆破器材，1999．4
12．张小宁，徐更光，王廷增．射流撞击粉碎法制备超细炸药原理分析．爆炸与冲击，1999．7
13．陈太林．水悬浮法造粒点火药的制备及其性能．火工品，1999．3
14. Honzinger, Walter, etc. Pyrotechnical delay composition. USP4776275, Oct. 11, 1988.
15．张克林，刘自汤等．塑料导爆管点燃延期药的初步探讨．爆破器材，1989．
16. Hidetsugu Nakamurura, Yuuzi Tomioku,etc. Effect of barium peroxide activity on the reactivity of barium peroxide-lead chromate-Dinitronaphthalenechlorinated rubber delay composition. Kayaku Gakkaishi,Vol.60,No.6,1999.
17．姚守拙，朱元保等编．元素化学反应手册．湖南教育出版社，1998．7