不同氮素形态配比对烤烟叶片碳氮代谢的影响
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摘要
2002—2003年，以K_(326)为供试品种，在河南农业大学科教示范园区和河南农业大学农业生物技术与工程技术重点学科开放实验室进行大田和水培试验。分别研究了腐熟芝麻饼肥、饼肥浸提液、氨基酸与不同氮素形态配比对烤烟叶片碳氮代谢的影响。试验结果如下：
1、2002年大田试验结果表明：对于SS(蔗糖合成酶)，T4(腐熟芝麻饼肥：NO_3-N:NH_4-N=20:40:40)有利于烤烟生育后期蔗糖的降解及烤烟氮代谢向碳代谢转化；SPS(蔗糖磷酸合成酶)活性的试验结果表明：无机氮的处理T2(NO_3-N:NH_4-N=0:100)一直保持相对较高的水平，说明T2在烟株生育后期还在进行大量的光合作用，进行糖分的运输。纯施无机氮时，烟叶中有效氮始终处于较高的水平，因而糖的分解代谢较弱；施用腐熟芝麻饼肥，淀粉酶活性最高，而后期施腐熟芝麻饼肥的处理淀粉酶活性最低，说明烤烟生育后期处理T4有利于淀粉的积累；对于NR(硝酸还原酶)腐熟芝麻饼肥一直处于相对较高的水平，因此T4有利于NR活性的提高；T4处理从移栽30d开始游离氨基酸含量一直低于无机氮处理，这说明施用腐熟饼肥的处理有利于叶片中糖分积累；施用饼肥的处理使烤烟生育后期还原糖、烟碱、钾、可溶性蛋白质含量的提高，而使游离氨基酸含量下降。
2、2002年水培试验结果表明：无论是纯施无机氮还是饼肥浸提液与无机氮配比，其硝态氮含量均随硝态氮施用比例的增加而增加，且施用饼肥浸提液的处理其硝态氮含量明显高于纯无机氮处理，说明饼肥浸提液有利于硝态氮的吸收、不利于铵态氮的吸收；处理T2及
T2’(饼肥浸提液:N03一N:NH4一N=20:40:40)GS(谷酞胺合成酶)
活性均最高;对于SS、SPS的活性试验结果表明，按态氮施用比例越
大，越有利于蔗糖的合成。
3、2003年水培试验结果表明:不同氨基酸与硝、钱态氮配比的
处理能明显提高淀粉酶和GS的活性。从测定的各化学成分的平均含
量来看，各施肥处理间差异不大，说明氨基酸代替部分化肥施用，对
烟叶所测的化学成分含量影响不大。
field and solution culture experiments were conducted with K326 from
2002 to 2003 to study the effect of the rotted sesame cake fertilizer amino acid and different nitrogen forms and ratios on carbon-nitrogen metablism of flue-cured tobacco leaves in Henan Agricultural University and Key Discipline and Open Laboratory of Agricultural Biological and Engineering Technique.The results were as follows:
1.The results of field experiment in 2002 showed it is more suitable the decomposing of sucrose and the transform from nitrogen-metablism to carbon-metablism in the latter of growing period of the flue-cured tobacco about SS(sucrose synthesis enzyme);It showed that T2 had kept highest in the experiment and that is to say,T2 were on great photosynthesis and on the carriage of carbohydrate in the latter of growing period of the flue-cured tobacco about SPS(sucrose phosphorus acid synthesis enzyme).Inorganic nitrogen have been kept higher in the tobacco leaves,when applying fully inorganic nitrogen,so the decomposing metablism of sucrose is weaker;Applying the rotted sesame cake fertilizer can make the activity of starch enzyme keep the highest level;But applying the rotted cake fertilizer in the latter of growing period of the flue-cured tobacco the activity of amylase had the lowest level;The rotted sesame cake fertilizer had been kept highest level,so it was more suitable to the increasing of the activity of
NR for T4.The content of T4 about amino acid is always higher than fully inorganic nitrogen since it was transplanted 30d.It showed it was better to the accumulating of sugar of T4 in the tobacco leaves;T4 was better to the raising the content of amino acid reduced carbohydrate potassium soluble protein and the decreasing of the content of nicotine. 2 The results of the solution culture experiment in 2002 showed it was not only applying fully inorganic nitrogen but also the ratioes the rotted sesame cake fertilizer and inorganic nitrogen,the cntent of NO3-N was increasing along with the increasing of the ratioes of the applying NO3-N and the content of the NO3-N of T4 is higher than fully inorganic nitrogen. It showed that the rotted sesame cake fertilizer was to the absorbing of the content of NO3-N and worse to the absorbing of NH4-N;The activity of GS was highest;It was showed about the activity of SS SPS the ratioes of the NH4-N was higher,it was better to the synthesis of the sucrose. 3 The results of
the solution culture experiment in 2003 showed that the ratioes of the different amino acid and NO3-N NH4-N can increasing the activity of amylase and GS.The activity content of the chemistry composition had no more difference.It showed substititeing amino acid for a part of fertilizer had no more difference to the
chemistry composition in tobacco leaves.
1、2002年大田试验结果表明：对于SS(蔗糖合成酶)，T4(腐熟芝麻饼肥：NO_3-N:NH_4-N=20:40:40)有利于烤烟生育后期蔗糖的降解及烤烟氮代谢向碳代谢转化；SPS(蔗糖磷酸合成酶)活性的试验结果表明：无机氮的处理T2(NO_3-N:NH_4-N=0:100)一直保持相对较高的水平，说明T2在烟株生育后期还在进行大量的光合作用，进行糖分的运输。纯施无机氮时，烟叶中有效氮始终处于较高的水平，因而糖的分解代谢较弱；施用腐熟芝麻饼肥，淀粉酶活性最高，而后期施腐熟芝麻饼肥的处理淀粉酶活性最低，说明烤烟生育后期处理T4有利于淀粉的积累；对于NR(硝酸还原酶)腐熟芝麻饼肥一直处于相对较高的水平，因此T4有利于NR活性的提高；T4处理从移栽30d开始游离氨基酸含量一直低于无机氮处理，这说明施用腐熟饼肥的处理有利于叶片中糖分积累；施用饼肥的处理使烤烟生育后期还原糖、烟碱、钾、可溶性蛋白质含量的提高，而使游离氨基酸含量下降。
2、2002年水培试验结果表明：无论是纯施无机氮还是饼肥浸提液与无机氮配比，其硝态氮含量均随硝态氮施用比例的增加而增加，且施用饼肥浸提液的处理其硝态氮含量明显高于纯无机氮处理，说明饼肥浸提液有利于硝态氮的吸收、不利于铵态氮的吸收；处理T2及
T2’(饼肥浸提液:N03一N:NH4一N=20:40:40)GS(谷酞胺合成酶)
活性均最高;对于SS、SPS的活性试验结果表明，按态氮施用比例越
大，越有利于蔗糖的合成。
3、2003年水培试验结果表明:不同氨基酸与硝、钱态氮配比的
处理能明显提高淀粉酶和GS的活性。从测定的各化学成分的平均含
量来看，各施肥处理间差异不大，说明氨基酸代替部分化肥施用，对
烟叶所测的化学成分含量影响不大。
field and solution culture experiments were conducted with K326 from
2002 to 2003 to study the effect of the rotted sesame cake fertilizer amino acid and different nitrogen forms and ratios on carbon-nitrogen metablism of flue-cured tobacco leaves in Henan Agricultural University and Key Discipline and Open Laboratory of Agricultural Biological and Engineering Technique.The results were as follows:
1.The results of field experiment in 2002 showed it is more suitable the decomposing of sucrose and the transform from nitrogen-metablism to carbon-metablism in the latter of growing period of the flue-cured tobacco about SS(sucrose synthesis enzyme);It showed that T2 had kept highest in the experiment and that is to say,T2 were on great photosynthesis and on the carriage of carbohydrate in the latter of growing period of the flue-cured tobacco about SPS(sucrose phosphorus acid synthesis enzyme).Inorganic nitrogen have been kept higher in the tobacco leaves,when applying fully inorganic nitrogen,so the decomposing metablism of sucrose is weaker;Applying the rotted sesame cake fertilizer can make the activity of starch enzyme keep the highest level;But applying the rotted cake fertilizer in the latter of growing period of the flue-cured tobacco the activity of amylase had the lowest level;The rotted sesame cake fertilizer had been kept highest level,so it was more suitable to the increasing of the activity of
NR for T4.The content of T4 about amino acid is always higher than fully inorganic nitrogen since it was transplanted 30d.It showed it was better to the accumulating of sugar of T4 in the tobacco leaves;T4 was better to the raising the content of amino acid reduced carbohydrate potassium soluble protein and the decreasing of the content of nicotine. 2 The results of the solution culture experiment in 2002 showed it was not only applying fully inorganic nitrogen but also the ratioes the rotted sesame cake fertilizer and inorganic nitrogen,the cntent of NO3-N was increasing along with the increasing of the ratioes of the applying NO3-N and the content of the NO3-N of T4 is higher than fully inorganic nitrogen. It showed that the rotted sesame cake fertilizer was to the absorbing of the content of NO3-N and worse to the absorbing of NH4-N;The activity of GS was highest;It was showed about the activity of SS SPS the ratioes of the NH4-N was higher,it was better to the synthesis of the sucrose. 3 The results of
the solution culture experiment in 2003 showed that the ratioes of the different amino acid and NO3-N NH4-N can increasing the activity of amylase and GS.The activity content of the chemistry composition had no more difference.It showed substititeing amino acid for a part of fertilizer had no more difference to the
chemistry composition in tobacco leaves.
引文
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[3] 窦逢科，张景略．烟草品质与土壤化学．郑州：河南科学技术出版社，1992
[4] 刘卫群，刘国顺，符云鹏，等．不同肥料对烤烟叶片生理生化特性的影响[J]．河南农业大学学报，1998，32(3)：234-237
[5] 胡国松，郑伟，王震东，等，烤烟营养原理． 科学出版社，2000
[6] 李智勇、刘思英、丁一等，氮素形态和种类对烤烟生育及产质的影响；中国烟草，1991：(1)：18—23
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[8] 范钦贞．铵对土壤钾素释放、固定影响的研究．土壤学报，1993；30(3)：245—251
[9] Journal of plant Nutrition, 1990;13(1):95-116
[10] 钦绳武，刘芷宇．土壤—根系微区养分状况的研究、不同形态肥料在根际的迁移规律．土壤学报，1989；26(2)：115—123
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[12] 韩锦峰，郭培国．氮素用量、形态、种类对烤烟生长发育及产量品质影响的研究．河南农业大学学报，1990；24(3)：275
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[18] 李天福等．云南烤烟主要栽培品种的耐肥特性研究．烟草科技，1995(2)：32～34
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[2] Walkor. E K. Some physical characteristics of leaves of flue-cured tobacco relative to the cholorophyll content and color of the green leaves. Tobacco Science, 1964,2:116～123
[3] 窦逢科，张景略．烟草品质与土壤化学．郑州：河南科学技术出版社，1992
[4] 刘卫群，刘国顺，符云鹏，等．不同肥料对烤烟叶片生理生化特性的影响[J]．河南农业大学学报，1998，32(3)：234-237
[5] 胡国松，郑伟，王震东，等，烤烟营养原理． 科学出版社，2000
[6] 李智勇、刘思英、丁一等，氮素形态和种类对烤烟生育及产质的影响；中国烟草，1991：(1)：18—23
[7] 曹志洪，Wollum．A．G．，Miner．G．S．土壤pH值和硝化抑制剂对硝化作用和烤烟生长的影响优秀烤烟生产的土壤与肥料．南京：江苏科学技术出版社，1985
[8] 范钦贞．铵对土壤钾素释放、固定影响的研究．土壤学报，1993；30(3)：245—251
[9] Journal of plant Nutrition, 1990;13(1):95-116
[10] 钦绳武，刘芷宇．土壤—根系微区养分状况的研究、不同形态肥料在根际的迁移规律．土壤学报，1989；26(2)：115—123
[11] 小田贤一郎(等)。栽培因素和土壤硝态氮含量对烟叶成分的影响．农学文摘，文摘号80 566
[12] 韩锦峰，郭培国．氮素用量、形态、种类对烤烟生长发育及产量品质影响的研究．河南农业大学学报，1990；24(3)：275
[13] 刘平，赵讲芬，江锡瑜．硝态氮及铵态氮对烤烟氮、磷、钾、钙、镁的含量及总灰分积累影响．西南农业大学学报，1991；4(3)：44—49
[14] 跨世纪烟草农业科技展望和持续发展战略研讨会论文集，55-67
[15] 龚广生等．烟草大田期间施肥试验初报．中国烟草，1995(1)：46～47
[16] 中国农业科学院烟草研究所主编．中国烟草栽培学．上海科学技术出版社，1987
[17] 董惠萍．不同施肥量对烤烟烟叶氮碳代谢的影响．云南农业大学学报，1992(4)：237-243
[18] 李天福等．云南烤烟主要栽培品种的耐肥特性研究．烟草科技，1995(2)：32～34
[19] 窦逢科，张景略。烟草品质与土壤化学。郑州：河南科学技术出版社，1992
[20] Legget L E et Rec. Adv. Tob. Sci.1985. (11):47-70
[21] 韩锦峰 史宏志等不同施氮水平来源烟叶碳氮比及其与碳氮代谢的关系．中国烟草学报 1996．19—25
[22] 宫长荣等．烟叶烘烤原理．北京：科学出版社，1994：105～107
[23] Weybrew, J.A. et al. The cultural management of flue-cured tobacco quality, tobacco International. 1983; 185(10):82～87
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[25] 左天觉．烟草的生产、生理和生物化学．上海：上海远东出版社，1993：367～374
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