卧式车铣复合加工中心有限元分析
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摘要
本文的主要研究内容是HTM61350卧式车铣中心的有限元分析，以及部分重要零部件的热特性分析。通过ANSYS有限元分析找出整机的薄弱部位并提出相应的改进措施，从而为设计者改进机床的设计质量提供一定的理论依据。
在研究过程中，先是参考已有的文献资料对机床做合理的简化，省去不重要的零部件，然后利用Pro／E完成HTM61350车铣中心的整机有限元三维实体建模。将建好的模型导入ANSYS Workbench依次完成了车铣中心整机的静动刚度分析和模态分析，以及机床主轴箱的热特性分析。
通过对机床进行有限元分析，本文找出了车铣中心车削部分和铣削部分的主要变形部件分别是C轴轴承和十字导轨。通过理论计算得出了相应的主要变形部件在机床总变形中的占有百分比。机床主轴箱的热特性有限元分析结果表明在机床工作条件下主轴箱整体变形比较均匀，能保证机床的整体加工精度不因为主轴箱变形而发生较大的变化。
通过详细的理论分析和ANSYS有限元计算，本文得出的主要成果如下：
(1)完成了HTM61350卧式车铣中心合理简化后的整机三维实体建模；
(2)利用ANSYS有限元分析软件完成了车铣中心整机的静动刚度和模态分析，根据有限元分析结果提出相应的设计改进措施：
(3)对机床主轴箱进行了热特性分析，并提出了针对其热变形的热补偿方法；
(4)从整体上确定了车铣中心在加工过程中的薄弱环节，为设计者改进机床的设计提供了一定的理论依据。
Numerical control technology is an advanced manufacturing technology and is the kernel technology of CNC equipment. Nowadays, the advanced NC technology is widely adopted by the manufacturing of all countries in the world in order to improve the manufacturing capability, the adaptive ability and the competition power facing complicated and volatile market. NC technology and NC equipments have been regarded as national strategic materials in the developed countries. The developed countries not only take significant measures to develop their NC technology and NC industries but also adopt the blockade and restriction policies in "advanced" NC equipment and key technology against our country. Therefore, with the high-speed development and popularization of computer technology, in the time of modern manufacturing system developing toward the intelligence, integration and network integration, developing vigorously independent CNC technology has important practical value and strategic significance for breaking through the technical blockade and studying new generation of numerical control in depth.
The paper aims at HTM61350 horizontal turning and milling center to do the analysis and study, and establishes the three-dimensional structure of the turning and milling center by using Pro - E. Using ANSYS Workbench carries out static stiffness analysis and modal analysis aiming at the turning operation and milling operation of the machining center .This paper determines relative deformation of each main part of the turning and milling center through the finite element analysis, and figures out the percentage of the deformation of the each main parts in the total deformation of the machining center.
The paper studies the overall deformation of the machine in the four different working loads. The result of the finite element analysis indicates that the C-axis bearing is the main deformation part and its deformation is 57% of total deformation of the machine. Another, the paper studies the deformation of the each part of the machine in the case of the same working load when the machine execute turning and milling in the X, Y Z-direction and The paper draws a conclusion that the main deformation part is the cross guideway and its deformation is 18% of total deformation of the machine. At the same time, the paper carries out the modal analysis aiming at the turning and milling of HTM61350 horizontal turning and milling center. For the turning of the machine, the paper studies the structural deformation of the machine in the case that the spindle speed is the same and the natural frequency is 41.225HZ, 69.625HZ, 55.114HZ and 57.859HZ respectively; For the milling of the machine, the paper studies the structural deformation of the machine in the case that the spindle speed is 4000r/min and the natural frequency is 23.181 HZ,40.142 HZ,41.766 HZ,54.392 HZ,56.033 HZ,61.713 HZ,63.044 HZ,65.297HZ, 74.917HZ, 79.105HZ respectively.
In the case that the spindle speeds is certain, the research results show that the deformation of the machine becomes obvious, as the natural frequencies increase gradually. When the natural frequency the machine is the lower (less than or equal to 23.181 HZ), the deformation occurs mainly in the workpiece, headstock and tailstock, and little deformation in the milling columns; When natural frequency speed is between 40.142HZ and 23.181HZ, the deformation occurs mainly in the milling columns; As the natural frequency increases, the main deformation reoccurs in the work-piece, headstock and tailstock; When the natural frequency is more than 61.713HZ, the main deformation the machine occurs mainly in the milling columns, and as the natural frequency increases, the deformation of the columns rapidly worsens; When h the natural frequency is more than 79.105HZ, the machine will completely lose working ability.
This paper carries out static stiffness analysis and modal analysis for overall machine and thermal analysis for headstock aiming at HTM61350 hydraulic turning and milling center, and determines main deformation parts and relative deformation information in the case of the machine running, the above information provide can reliable theory for improving the machine and can also act as reference data for designing new machine.
在研究过程中，先是参考已有的文献资料对机床做合理的简化，省去不重要的零部件，然后利用Pro／E完成HTM61350车铣中心的整机有限元三维实体建模。将建好的模型导入ANSYS Workbench依次完成了车铣中心整机的静动刚度分析和模态分析，以及机床主轴箱的热特性分析。
通过对机床进行有限元分析，本文找出了车铣中心车削部分和铣削部分的主要变形部件分别是C轴轴承和十字导轨。通过理论计算得出了相应的主要变形部件在机床总变形中的占有百分比。机床主轴箱的热特性有限元分析结果表明在机床工作条件下主轴箱整体变形比较均匀，能保证机床的整体加工精度不因为主轴箱变形而发生较大的变化。
通过详细的理论分析和ANSYS有限元计算，本文得出的主要成果如下：
(1)完成了HTM61350卧式车铣中心合理简化后的整机三维实体建模；
(2)利用ANSYS有限元分析软件完成了车铣中心整机的静动刚度和模态分析，根据有限元分析结果提出相应的设计改进措施：
(3)对机床主轴箱进行了热特性分析，并提出了针对其热变形的热补偿方法；
(4)从整体上确定了车铣中心在加工过程中的薄弱环节，为设计者改进机床的设计提供了一定的理论依据。
Numerical control technology is an advanced manufacturing technology and is the kernel technology of CNC equipment. Nowadays, the advanced NC technology is widely adopted by the manufacturing of all countries in the world in order to improve the manufacturing capability, the adaptive ability and the competition power facing complicated and volatile market. NC technology and NC equipments have been regarded as national strategic materials in the developed countries. The developed countries not only take significant measures to develop their NC technology and NC industries but also adopt the blockade and restriction policies in "advanced" NC equipment and key technology against our country. Therefore, with the high-speed development and popularization of computer technology, in the time of modern manufacturing system developing toward the intelligence, integration and network integration, developing vigorously independent CNC technology has important practical value and strategic significance for breaking through the technical blockade and studying new generation of numerical control in depth.
The paper aims at HTM61350 horizontal turning and milling center to do the analysis and study, and establishes the three-dimensional structure of the turning and milling center by using Pro - E. Using ANSYS Workbench carries out static stiffness analysis and modal analysis aiming at the turning operation and milling operation of the machining center .This paper determines relative deformation of each main part of the turning and milling center through the finite element analysis, and figures out the percentage of the deformation of the each main parts in the total deformation of the machining center.
The paper studies the overall deformation of the machine in the four different working loads. The result of the finite element analysis indicates that the C-axis bearing is the main deformation part and its deformation is 57% of total deformation of the machine. Another, the paper studies the deformation of the each part of the machine in the case of the same working load when the machine execute turning and milling in the X, Y Z-direction and The paper draws a conclusion that the main deformation part is the cross guideway and its deformation is 18% of total deformation of the machine. At the same time, the paper carries out the modal analysis aiming at the turning and milling of HTM61350 horizontal turning and milling center. For the turning of the machine, the paper studies the structural deformation of the machine in the case that the spindle speed is the same and the natural frequency is 41.225HZ, 69.625HZ, 55.114HZ and 57.859HZ respectively; For the milling of the machine, the paper studies the structural deformation of the machine in the case that the spindle speed is 4000r/min and the natural frequency is 23.181 HZ,40.142 HZ,41.766 HZ,54.392 HZ,56.033 HZ,61.713 HZ,63.044 HZ,65.297HZ, 74.917HZ, 79.105HZ respectively.
In the case that the spindle speeds is certain, the research results show that the deformation of the machine becomes obvious, as the natural frequencies increase gradually. When the natural frequency the machine is the lower (less than or equal to 23.181 HZ), the deformation occurs mainly in the workpiece, headstock and tailstock, and little deformation in the milling columns; When natural frequency speed is between 40.142HZ and 23.181HZ, the deformation occurs mainly in the milling columns; As the natural frequency increases, the main deformation reoccurs in the work-piece, headstock and tailstock; When the natural frequency is more than 61.713HZ, the main deformation the machine occurs mainly in the milling columns, and as the natural frequency increases, the deformation of the columns rapidly worsens; When h the natural frequency is more than 79.105HZ, the machine will completely lose working ability.
This paper carries out static stiffness analysis and modal analysis for overall machine and thermal analysis for headstock aiming at HTM61350 hydraulic turning and milling center, and determines main deformation parts and relative deformation information in the case of the machine running, the above information provide can reliable theory for improving the machine and can also act as reference data for designing new machine.
引文
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[2]国产数控机床质量现状解析.质量与可靠性[J].北京:中国航天质量协会,2009(3):5-9.
[3]我国数控技术与产业的现状、发展趋势及对策.锻压装备与制造技术[J].北京:中国机床工具工业协会,2005(2):22-26.
[4]李修平.基于ANSYS的高速加工中心有限元分析[D].武汉:华中科技大学机械学院,2005.
[5]辽宁数控机床制造产业发展研究.农业科技与装备[J].辽宁:辽宁省农机协会,2009(6):140-142.
[6]数控机床可靠性国内外现状与技术发展策略.中国制造业信息化[J].江苏:江苏省机械研究设计院,2008(4):35-38.
[7]2008机床工具行业经济运行特点分析.企业视窗[J].北京:企业视窗杂志社,2008(3):93-94.
[8]徐尚贤.机械设计中的有限元法[M].北京:高等教育出版社,1990.6
[9]数控机床整机有限元分析.机床与液压[J].广州:广州机械科学研究院,2008(4):17-20.
[10]大型机床动态特性的整机有限元分析.福州大学学报[J].福建:福州大学,2003(2):69-73.
[11]机床整机的动态特性分析.机械设计[J].北京:机械工程学会,2000(10):24-28.
[12]机床整机特性的有限元分析方法.机床与液压[J].广州:广州机械科学研究院,2005(3):20-23.
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