外循环耗散式气波制冷机的性能研究
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摘要
外循环耗散式气波制冷机属于新型气波制冷机,具有结构简单、紧凑,制造成本低廉,等熵制冷效率较高,带液运行能力强等优点。可以用于天然气开采过程中脱除天然气中含有的少量水分,以及回收天然气中的轻烃,具有广阔的应用前景。
外循环耗散式气波制冷机可调节参数较多,各个参数对性能的影响较为复杂,并存在耦合关系,为了系统的研究各种参数对设备性能的影响,本文采用一维等熵流动理论、二维数值模拟和物理实验相结合的方法对外循环耗散式气波制冷机进行了深入的研究。主要研究工作和结论如下：
(1)针对外循环耗散式气波制冷机的结构做了大量的数值模拟,并结合一维等熵流动理论,系统的研究了设备参数的匹配问题,包括设备在固定转速时高温出口喷嘴的宽度和偏角匹配；设备在固定偏角下的最优转速匹配,得出了比较系统的匹配方法,为实验工作的开展提供了理论基础。
(2)分析了高温出口背压对接触面移动距离的影响,并提出了最优背压的概念,从而使接触面后的温度最低。并针对排气返流和反向压缩波的产生以及对排气温度的影响做了较为细致的研究,提出减少低温气体的返流和削弱反向压缩波的方案,为提高等熵膨胀效率提供了理论依据。
(3)针对外循环耗散式气波制冷机建立了实验流程,针对不同的结构参数和操作参数对性能的影响做了较为系统的实验,深入研究了转速、膨胀比、偏角、背压、喷嘴宽度以及回气温度和固壁长度等参数对等熵膨胀效率的影响,以及转速对等熵压缩效率的影响,并利用模拟得出的结论对实验结果进行了分析。
通过本文的研究,发现提高转速,增大偏角,针对转速选择合适的喷嘴,并适当提高背压和延长固壁长度能够显著地提高设备性能。本文的实验结果为改进设备的结构参数和操作参数提供了坚实的实验依据。
Aggregated Thermal Dissipation Gas Wave Refrigerator (AWR) is a new innovational Gas Wave Refrigerator (GWR). It has the advantage of simple and compact structure, low manufacturing cost, high isentropic refrigeration efficiency and high ability of operation with liquid. It can be used for removal water from natural gas which contains a small amount of water in the natural gas mining process. It also can be used for recovering the lighter hydrocarbon in natural gas. So the AWR has a broad prospect of application.
AWR has lots of parameters which can be adjusted, and effects of each parameter on device performance are relatively complex, and the effects have coupling relationship. In order to study the effects of various parameters on device performance of the equipment, one dimensional isentropic flow theory, two dimension numerical simulation and Physics experiment are used conjunctively. A deep study of AWR is made, and the main research work and the conclusions are as follow:
(1) Lots of numerical simulation is made in allusion to the structure of AWR. Matching problems of the equipment parameters are researched systematically, which combine one dimensional isentropic flow theory. The research contains the matching of high temperature export nozzle width and drift angle in fixed rotate speed and the matching of rotate speed in fixed drift angle. The systematic matching method is summarized which provide theoretical foundation to the experimental work.
(2) The effects of the pressure of HT port on moving distance of contact surface are analyzed. The maximum distance of contact surface is equal to the length of the passage when the HT pressure is optimum, and the gas temperature behind the contact surface is lowest. Therefore the optimum HT pressure is put forward. And the generation and effects of exhaust reflux and reverse compression wave on exhaust temperature are researched particularly. A scheme is put forward for decreasing low temperature gas reflux and weakening reverse compression wave. These results provide theoretical basis of increasing isentropic expansion efficiency.
(3) The experiment process of AWR is built to research the effects of various structural parameters and operating parameters on performance systematically. Effects of various parameters such as rotate speed, expansion ratio, HT pressure, drift angle, width of nozzle, backflow temperature and length of solid wall on isentropic expansion efficiency and effect of rotate speed on isentropic compression efficiency are in-depth researched. And the experimental results are analyzed on the basis of numerical simulation results.
The study demonstrates that increasing rotate speed and drift angle, selecting appropriate nozzle on the basis of rotate speed, and increasing HT pressure and the length of solid wall properly will improve performance of AWR markedly. The experimental results are very important to perfect the structural parameters and operating parameters of AWR.
外循环耗散式气波制冷机可调节参数较多,各个参数对性能的影响较为复杂,并存在耦合关系,为了系统的研究各种参数对设备性能的影响,本文采用一维等熵流动理论、二维数值模拟和物理实验相结合的方法对外循环耗散式气波制冷机进行了深入的研究。主要研究工作和结论如下：
(1)针对外循环耗散式气波制冷机的结构做了大量的数值模拟,并结合一维等熵流动理论,系统的研究了设备参数的匹配问题,包括设备在固定转速时高温出口喷嘴的宽度和偏角匹配；设备在固定偏角下的最优转速匹配,得出了比较系统的匹配方法,为实验工作的开展提供了理论基础。
(2)分析了高温出口背压对接触面移动距离的影响,并提出了最优背压的概念,从而使接触面后的温度最低。并针对排气返流和反向压缩波的产生以及对排气温度的影响做了较为细致的研究,提出减少低温气体的返流和削弱反向压缩波的方案,为提高等熵膨胀效率提供了理论依据。
(3)针对外循环耗散式气波制冷机建立了实验流程,针对不同的结构参数和操作参数对性能的影响做了较为系统的实验,深入研究了转速、膨胀比、偏角、背压、喷嘴宽度以及回气温度和固壁长度等参数对等熵膨胀效率的影响,以及转速对等熵压缩效率的影响,并利用模拟得出的结论对实验结果进行了分析。
通过本文的研究,发现提高转速,增大偏角,针对转速选择合适的喷嘴,并适当提高背压和延长固壁长度能够显著地提高设备性能。本文的实验结果为改进设备的结构参数和操作参数提供了坚实的实验依据。
Aggregated Thermal Dissipation Gas Wave Refrigerator (AWR) is a new innovational Gas Wave Refrigerator (GWR). It has the advantage of simple and compact structure, low manufacturing cost, high isentropic refrigeration efficiency and high ability of operation with liquid. It can be used for removal water from natural gas which contains a small amount of water in the natural gas mining process. It also can be used for recovering the lighter hydrocarbon in natural gas. So the AWR has a broad prospect of application.
AWR has lots of parameters which can be adjusted, and effects of each parameter on device performance are relatively complex, and the effects have coupling relationship. In order to study the effects of various parameters on device performance of the equipment, one dimensional isentropic flow theory, two dimension numerical simulation and Physics experiment are used conjunctively. A deep study of AWR is made, and the main research work and the conclusions are as follow:
(1) Lots of numerical simulation is made in allusion to the structure of AWR. Matching problems of the equipment parameters are researched systematically, which combine one dimensional isentropic flow theory. The research contains the matching of high temperature export nozzle width and drift angle in fixed rotate speed and the matching of rotate speed in fixed drift angle. The systematic matching method is summarized which provide theoretical foundation to the experimental work.
(2) The effects of the pressure of HT port on moving distance of contact surface are analyzed. The maximum distance of contact surface is equal to the length of the passage when the HT pressure is optimum, and the gas temperature behind the contact surface is lowest. Therefore the optimum HT pressure is put forward. And the generation and effects of exhaust reflux and reverse compression wave on exhaust temperature are researched particularly. A scheme is put forward for decreasing low temperature gas reflux and weakening reverse compression wave. These results provide theoretical basis of increasing isentropic expansion efficiency.
(3) The experiment process of AWR is built to research the effects of various structural parameters and operating parameters on performance systematically. Effects of various parameters such as rotate speed, expansion ratio, HT pressure, drift angle, width of nozzle, backflow temperature and length of solid wall on isentropic expansion efficiency and effect of rotate speed on isentropic compression efficiency are in-depth researched. And the experimental results are analyzed on the basis of numerical simulation results.
The study demonstrates that increasing rotate speed and drift angle, selecting appropriate nozzle on the basis of rotate speed, and increasing HT pressure and the length of solid wall properly will improve performance of AWR markedly. The experimental results are very important to perfect the structural parameters and operating parameters of AWR.
引文
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[3]刘伟,胡大鹏.气波制冷技术研究现状[J].制冷,2002,21(4)：19-24.
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[5]文向南,李铁林.节流制冷在天然气分离中的应用[J].天然气工业,1994,14(5)：62-65.
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[9]United States patent, Thermal separators employing a movable distribute:No.4383423 [P]. May 17,1983.
[10]李力.气波制冷机接受管内不定常流数值模拟[D].大连：大连理工大学,1994.
[11]邵件,包裕弟,沈永年等.转动喷嘴膨胀机的试验研究[J].浙江大学学报,1984,18(3)：25-34.
[12]胡志敏,方曜奇等.刚直管在脉动压力作用下表面泵热的实验研究[C].全国化工机械专业教育指导委员会成立大会及第二届校际学术交流会.
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