IPS-Empress2热压铸造陶瓷专用包埋材料的研制
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摘要
研究目的：IPS-Empress2热压铸造陶瓷是一种成功的全瓷修复系统，本课题的目的就是研制一种与该系统专用包埋材料性能相当的国产包埋材料，以降低IPS-Empress2热压铸造陶瓷修复的成本，促进其推广应用，并填补我国在这一领域的空白。
研究方法：首先对IPS-Empress2专用快速包埋材料进行剖析，测出其主要性能指标，然后以此为参考，配制并筛选自制包埋材料的配方，获得拟定配方后，同样测试其主要性能指标，与IPS包埋材料进行对比，并在SPSS11.5软件上统计分析。同时还在扫描电镜下分析了两者的结构。
结果：IPS-Empress2专用快速包埋材料的凝固时间、凝固膨胀率、总膨胀率、烧结前密度、烧结后密度、开口孔隙率、凝固2小时后抗压强度和升温至920℃冷却后抗压强度分别为17.1分钟、8.58‰、11.7‰、1.576g／cm~3、1.320g／cm~3、38.8％、0.71MPa和6.07MPa；自制包埋材料的凝固时间、凝固膨胀率、总膨胀率、烧结前密度、烧结后密度、开口孔隙率、凝固2小时后抗压强度和升温至920℃冷却后抗压强度分别为9分钟、7.98‰、11.6‰、1.813g／cm~3、1.402g／cm~3、38.1％、5.42MPa和8.37MPa，且耐火度在1000℃以上，高于铸造温度920℃。自制包埋材料的凝固膨胀率、总膨胀率、开口孔隙率、烧结后密度和耐火度与IPS包埋材料无统计学差别，凝固时间比后者短，烧结前密度、凝固2小时后抗压强度和升温至920℃冷却后抗压强度均高于后者。扫描电镜显示两者都有磷酸盐结晶水合物晶体、石英及方石英颗粒和大量孔隙，而自制包埋材料的晶体体积小于IPS包埋材料。
结论：自制包埋材料在主要性能指标上都接近或优于IPS-Empress2专用快速包埋材料，有良好的临床应用前景。
Purpose: IPS-Empress2 heat-pressed castable ceramic system is a successful all-ceramic prosthetic system in clinic. The purpose of this study is to develop a kind of domestic investment material that is comparable to the special investment material of IPS system to lower the cost of its clinical application. Method: We detect the main properties of IPS special investment material firstly as an index of our own domestic material. Then we make a prototype of our domestic material. Several specimens are obtained by altering the amount and proportion of some key ingredients. The main properties of each specimen are tested to select the best one. After the best one is determined, a thorough study is done on it. The SPSS statistics software evaluates the differences between our domestic material and the special material.
Results: The setting time, setting expansion rate, total expansion rate, density before heating, density after heating, rate of open hole, compressive strength at 2 hours after setting and compressive strength after heating to 920 of the special investment material for IPS-Empress2 are 17.1minutes, 8.58 ‰, 11.7 ‰, 1.576g/cm3, 1.320g/cm3, 38.8‰, 0.71MPa and 6.07MPa respectively; while the setting time, setting expansion rate, total expansion rate, density before heating, density after heating, rate of open hole, compressive strength at 2 hours after setting and compressive strength after heating to 920 of our domestic investment material are 9 minutes, 7.98‰, 11.6‰, 1.813g/cm3, 1.402g/cm3,
38.1%, 5.42MPa and 8.37MPa respectively. And it can bear the temperature of at least 1000 . There are no statistical differences in the setting expansion rate, total expansion rate, rate of open hole, density after heating between the two materials. The setting time of our material is statistically shorter. The compressive strength before and after heating, the density before heating of our domestic investment material are statistically higher than that of IPS special investment material. Under the scanning electronic microscope, the crystals of the phosphate hydrate in our domestic material are smaller than those in the IPS special material.
Conclusion: The domestic investment material for the IPS-Empressl heat-pressed castable ceramic system is comparable to its special investment material, thus has a promising prospect of future clinical application.
研究方法：首先对IPS-Empress2专用快速包埋材料进行剖析，测出其主要性能指标，然后以此为参考，配制并筛选自制包埋材料的配方，获得拟定配方后，同样测试其主要性能指标，与IPS包埋材料进行对比，并在SPSS11.5软件上统计分析。同时还在扫描电镜下分析了两者的结构。
结果：IPS-Empress2专用快速包埋材料的凝固时间、凝固膨胀率、总膨胀率、烧结前密度、烧结后密度、开口孔隙率、凝固2小时后抗压强度和升温至920℃冷却后抗压强度分别为17.1分钟、8.58‰、11.7‰、1.576g／cm~3、1.320g／cm~3、38.8％、0.71MPa和6.07MPa；自制包埋材料的凝固时间、凝固膨胀率、总膨胀率、烧结前密度、烧结后密度、开口孔隙率、凝固2小时后抗压强度和升温至920℃冷却后抗压强度分别为9分钟、7.98‰、11.6‰、1.813g／cm~3、1.402g／cm~3、38.1％、5.42MPa和8.37MPa，且耐火度在1000℃以上，高于铸造温度920℃。自制包埋材料的凝固膨胀率、总膨胀率、开口孔隙率、烧结后密度和耐火度与IPS包埋材料无统计学差别，凝固时间比后者短，烧结前密度、凝固2小时后抗压强度和升温至920℃冷却后抗压强度均高于后者。扫描电镜显示两者都有磷酸盐结晶水合物晶体、石英及方石英颗粒和大量孔隙，而自制包埋材料的晶体体积小于IPS包埋材料。
结论：自制包埋材料在主要性能指标上都接近或优于IPS-Empress2专用快速包埋材料，有良好的临床应用前景。
Purpose: IPS-Empress2 heat-pressed castable ceramic system is a successful all-ceramic prosthetic system in clinic. The purpose of this study is to develop a kind of domestic investment material that is comparable to the special investment material of IPS system to lower the cost of its clinical application. Method: We detect the main properties of IPS special investment material firstly as an index of our own domestic material. Then we make a prototype of our domestic material. Several specimens are obtained by altering the amount and proportion of some key ingredients. The main properties of each specimen are tested to select the best one. After the best one is determined, a thorough study is done on it. The SPSS statistics software evaluates the differences between our domestic material and the special material.
Results: The setting time, setting expansion rate, total expansion rate, density before heating, density after heating, rate of open hole, compressive strength at 2 hours after setting and compressive strength after heating to 920 of the special investment material for IPS-Empress2 are 17.1minutes, 8.58 ‰, 11.7 ‰, 1.576g/cm3, 1.320g/cm3, 38.8‰, 0.71MPa and 6.07MPa respectively; while the setting time, setting expansion rate, total expansion rate, density before heating, density after heating, rate of open hole, compressive strength at 2 hours after setting and compressive strength after heating to 920 of our domestic investment material are 9 minutes, 7.98‰, 11.6‰, 1.813g/cm3, 1.402g/cm3,
38.1%, 5.42MPa and 8.37MPa respectively. And it can bear the temperature of at least 1000 . There are no statistical differences in the setting expansion rate, total expansion rate, rate of open hole, density after heating between the two materials. The setting time of our material is statistically shorter. The compressive strength before and after heating, the density before heating of our domestic investment material are statistically higher than that of IPS special investment material. Under the scanning electronic microscope, the crystals of the phosphate hydrate in our domestic material are smaller than those in the IPS special material.
Conclusion: The domestic investment material for the IPS-Empressl heat-pressed castable ceramic system is comparable to its special investment material, thus has a promising prospect of future clinical application.
引文
1. Hondrum SO. A review of the strength properties of dental ceramics. J Prosthet Dent 1992; 67:859-65.
2. Kelly JR, Ceramics in dentistry: Historical roots and current perspectives. J Prosthet Dent 1996; 75:18-32.
3. Wolfram H. Materials science Fundamentals of the IPS Empress 2 Glass-Ceramic. Ivoclar-Vivadent Report 1998; No. 12:3-10.
4. Lehner C. Seven-year results of leucite-reinforced glass-ceramic crowns. J Dent Res 1998; 77(Spec Iss): Abstract 1368.
5. Fradeani M. Longitudinal study of pressed glass-ceramic inlays for four and a half years. J Prosthet Dent 1997; 78:346-52.
6. Isidor F. A clinical evaluation of porcelain inlays. J Prosthet Dent 1995; 74:140-4.
7. Siegward D. Bridges made of all-ceramic materials (IPS Empress 2): Indications, clinical aspects, prognosis. Ivoclar-Vivadent Report 1998; No.12:3-10.
8．徐君伍主编．口腔修复理论与临床．第一版．北京：人民卫生出版社 1999．
9．黄慧、钱法汤．热压铸入型陶瓷专用包埋料铸造精度的研究．临床口腔医学杂志 2000；16(3)：150-2．
10．陈治清主编．口腔材料学．第一版．北京：人民卫生出版社 1995．
11．戴红莲、陈晓明等．磷酸盐包埋材料．武汉工业大学学报：1996；18(2)：107-9．
12. J.E.Hutton. The expansion of phosphate bonded investments: Part Ⅰ—Setting expansion. J Prosthet Dent 1993; 70:121-5.
13. J.E.Hutton. Expansion of phosphate-bonded investments: Part Ⅱ—Thermal expansion. J Prosthet Dent 1995; 73:127-31.
14. Derek.W. Thermal behavior of silica and its application to dental investments. Br Dent J 1987; 91:146-51.
15. S Soo. Measurement of the setting and thermal expansion of dental investments used for the superplastic forming of dental implant superstructures. Dental Materials 2001; 17:247-52.
16. Jones D. Thermal analysis and stability of refractory investments. J Prosthet Dent 1967; 18:234-41.
17. Luk H. Effect of burnout temperature on strength of phosphate-bonded investments. J Dent 1997; 25(2): 153-60.
18. Luk H. Effect of burnout temperature on strength of phosphate-bonded investments-part 2. J Dent 1997; 25(2):423-30.
19. Taira M. Effects of four mixing methods on setting expansion and compressive strength of six commercial phosphate-bonded silica investments. J Oral Rehabil 2000; 27(4):306-11.
20. Juszczyk A. The influence of handling techniques on the strength of phosphate bonded investments. Dent Mater 2000; 16:23-32.
21. Chew C. Investment strength as a function of time and temperature. J Dent 1999; 27(4):297-302.
22. Curtis R. Stress-strain and thermal expansion characteristics of a phosphate-bonded investment mould material for dental superplastic forming. J Dent 1998; 26(3):251-8.
23. Kaloyiannides A. The effect of powder-liquid ratio and mixing method on the surface hardness of phosphate-bonded investment materials. Bull-Group-Int Tech Sei Stomatol Odontol. 2001; 43 (1): 14-8.
24．黄慧．磷酸盐包埋材料的研究进展．国外医学口腔医学分册 2001；28(2)：81-3．
25．吴海树等．发泡石膏外包埋材料抗压强度及铸模透气性的测定．口腔材料器械杂志 2000；9(3)：144-6．
26．王家伟等．IPS-Empress陶瓷材料的研究概况．国外医学口腔医学分册．1997；24(2)：70-4．
27. Earnshaw R. The effect of potential investment expansion and hot strength on the fit of full crown castings made with phosphate-bonded investment. J Oral Rehabil 1997; 24(7):532-9.
28．王维帮主编．耐火材料工艺学 第一版．北京：冶金工业出版社，1984．
2. Kelly JR, Ceramics in dentistry: Historical roots and current perspectives. J Prosthet Dent 1996; 75:18-32.
3. Wolfram H. Materials science Fundamentals of the IPS Empress 2 Glass-Ceramic. Ivoclar-Vivadent Report 1998; No. 12:3-10.
4. Lehner C. Seven-year results of leucite-reinforced glass-ceramic crowns. J Dent Res 1998; 77(Spec Iss): Abstract 1368.
5. Fradeani M. Longitudinal study of pressed glass-ceramic inlays for four and a half years. J Prosthet Dent 1997; 78:346-52.
6. Isidor F. A clinical evaluation of porcelain inlays. J Prosthet Dent 1995; 74:140-4.
7. Siegward D. Bridges made of all-ceramic materials (IPS Empress 2): Indications, clinical aspects, prognosis. Ivoclar-Vivadent Report 1998; No.12:3-10.
8．徐君伍主编．口腔修复理论与临床．第一版．北京：人民卫生出版社 1999．
9．黄慧、钱法汤．热压铸入型陶瓷专用包埋料铸造精度的研究．临床口腔医学杂志 2000；16(3)：150-2．
10．陈治清主编．口腔材料学．第一版．北京：人民卫生出版社 1995．
11．戴红莲、陈晓明等．磷酸盐包埋材料．武汉工业大学学报：1996；18(2)：107-9．
12. J.E.Hutton. The expansion of phosphate bonded investments: Part Ⅰ—Setting expansion. J Prosthet Dent 1993; 70:121-5.
13. J.E.Hutton. Expansion of phosphate-bonded investments: Part Ⅱ—Thermal expansion. J Prosthet Dent 1995; 73:127-31.
14. Derek.W. Thermal behavior of silica and its application to dental investments. Br Dent J 1987; 91:146-51.
15. S Soo. Measurement of the setting and thermal expansion of dental investments used for the superplastic forming of dental implant superstructures. Dental Materials 2001; 17:247-52.
16. Jones D. Thermal analysis and stability of refractory investments. J Prosthet Dent 1967; 18:234-41.
17. Luk H. Effect of burnout temperature on strength of phosphate-bonded investments. J Dent 1997; 25(2): 153-60.
18. Luk H. Effect of burnout temperature on strength of phosphate-bonded investments-part 2. J Dent 1997; 25(2):423-30.
19. Taira M. Effects of four mixing methods on setting expansion and compressive strength of six commercial phosphate-bonded silica investments. J Oral Rehabil 2000; 27(4):306-11.
20. Juszczyk A. The influence of handling techniques on the strength of phosphate bonded investments. Dent Mater 2000; 16:23-32.
21. Chew C. Investment strength as a function of time and temperature. J Dent 1999; 27(4):297-302.
22. Curtis R. Stress-strain and thermal expansion characteristics of a phosphate-bonded investment mould material for dental superplastic forming. J Dent 1998; 26(3):251-8.
23. Kaloyiannides A. The effect of powder-liquid ratio and mixing method on the surface hardness of phosphate-bonded investment materials. Bull-Group-Int Tech Sei Stomatol Odontol. 2001; 43 (1): 14-8.
24．黄慧．磷酸盐包埋材料的研究进展．国外医学口腔医学分册 2001；28(2)：81-3．
25．吴海树等．发泡石膏外包埋材料抗压强度及铸模透气性的测定．口腔材料器械杂志 2000；9(3)：144-6．
26．王家伟等．IPS-Empress陶瓷材料的研究概况．国外医学口腔医学分册．1997；24(2)：70-4．
27. Earnshaw R. The effect of potential investment expansion and hot strength on the fit of full crown castings made with phosphate-bonded investment. J Oral Rehabil 1997; 24(7):532-9.
28．王维帮主编．耐火材料工艺学 第一版．北京：冶金工业出版社，1984．