压铸工艺对AM60B镁合金组织和性能的影响
详细信息    本馆镜像全文|  推荐本文 |  |   获取CNKI官网全文
摘要
镁合金是实用金属中最轻的金属材料,具有刚性佳,高的比强度,阻尼减震性好等特性,广泛用于制造3C产品、汽车零部件等领域。
     论文以压铸镁合金材料AM60B作为研究方向,以压铸工艺参数对AM60B镁合金组织性能的影响为主要研究内容,对镁合金材料的压铸工艺—组织结构—性能变化之间的相互关系和热处理工艺—组织结构—性能变化之间的关系进行了较深入系统的研究,同时研究了工艺参数的变化对流动性和薄壁件易产生侧表面裂纹倾向性的影响规律。
     通过正交实验,对AM60B镁合金的压铸工艺的研究结果表明,压铸工艺参数对镁合金AM60B各项性能影响的显著性由强到弱依次分别为:流动性—压射比压、浇注温度、模具温度、压射速度;抗拉强度—浇注温度、压射比压、模具温度、压射速度;延伸率—压射速度、浇注温度、模具温度、压射比压;冲击韧性—压射速度、浇注温度、压射比压、模具温度;硬度—浇注温度、模具温度、压射比压、压射速度。综合分析各因素,本实验条件下最优方案为:浇注温度680℃,模具温度170℃,压射速度3.0m/s,压射比压95MPa。
     AM60B属于可热处理强化的合金,但要严格控制温度区间,而且热处理后合金中通常存在缺陷,例如表面烧蚀、起泡、氧化、局部晶界过烧等。
     通过扫描电镜观察拉伸断口和冲击断口形貌,发现断口存在较多的气孔和疏松。AM60B压铸镁合金的断裂方式为解理断裂。
     薄壁镁合金铸件容易产生热裂纹,而热裂倾向受浇注温度、压射速度、模具温度的交互影响。在本实验条件下,当浇注温度680℃、压射速度3.0m/s、压射比压95MPa时,铸件产生裂纹的倾向最小。
Magnesium alloys are the lightest metals that have been used in practice. Because of lower density ,high ratio of strength to density and others advantages, Magnesium alloy is an important Engineering structure materials used widely to produce 3C (computer, communication and consumption) and automobile products .
    Research works of this thesis aim at die cast magnesium alloys AM60B and mainly focus on the effects of die cast technic parameter on them. Die cast magnesium alloy are investigated systematically for the relations of their technics, microstructures, mechanical properties and heat treatment, microstructures, mechanical properties. And the effects of different technics on the fluidity and the trend of hot crack, which are thin plane, of magnesium alloys are discussed.
    An orthogonal experiment was used to evaluate the influence of die casting parameters on die cast technics of AM60B magnesium alloy. The results show that the factors influencing on properties of AM60B from the greatest to the smallest are following: on fluidity are injection specific pressure, pouring temperature, mould temperature and die filling speed; on tensile strength are pouring temperature, injection specific pressure, mould temperature and die filling speed; on elongation are die filling speed, pouring temperature, mould temperature, injection specific pressure; on impact toughness are die filling speed, pouring temperature, injection specific pressure, mould temperature; on HB hardness are pouring temperature, mould temperature, injection specific pressure, die filling speed. After analyse all die cast parameter, in the experiment, the mechanical properties of Mg die-casting AM60B were obtain preferable value, at the proper factors: pouring temperature is 680℃, mould temperature is 170℃, die filling speed is 3.0m/s, injection specific pressure is 95MPa.
    Heat treatment is fit for AM60B alloy, but the temperature must be rigid and after heat treatment, there are some common defects in the die-castings, such as surface ablation, dunk, oxidation, and grain boundary
    burn partly.
    We can observe carefully the break surface by means of SEM, the fracture patterns of die cast magnesium alloy AM60B is cleavage fracture, and pull break surface as same as impact break surface. There are many porosities and different crack.
    The thin wall die-castings are prone of hot crack and the hot crack trend was affected by mutual relation between pouring temperature, mould temperature and die filling speed. In the experiment, the least hot crack can be obtained at the proper value: pouring temperature is 680℃, die filling speed is 3.0m/s and injection specific pressure is 95MPa.
引文
[1] 刘正,张奎,曾小勤 著.镁基轻质合金理论基础及其应用.北京:机械工业出版社,2002.9
    [2] 张津,章宗和 等编著.镁合金及应用.北京:化学工业出版社,2004,11
    [3] Winandy C D. Magnesium Die-Castings in Motor Vehicles.//Smith D S. Magnesium-the lightweight Solution-Automotive Sourcing Special Report. London: Automotive Sourcing UK ltd,1998:8-9
    [4] 刘祚时,谢旭红.镁合金压铸及其在汽车工业中的应用.轻金属,1999(1):15-18
    [5] Bralower P M. Automotive Die Cast Magnesium Revving up for the 21st Century, Die Casting Engineer,1997(5-6):68-70
    [6] 周锦银.镁合金及其应用技术发展的新动向.江苏冶金,2006,12(34):1-2
    [7] 吉泽升,辛明德,梁维中 等.压铸镁合金的研究现状及应用前景.机械设计与制造,2003,7:19-22
    [8] 吴炳尧.镁合金压铸技术分析.铸造,2000,8(49):443-449
    [9] 张永忠,张奎,樊建中 等.压铸镁合金及其在汽车工业中的应用.特种铸造及有色合金,1999,3:54-57
    [10] 彭暄,朱元清,徐文敏.镁合金在电子产品外设的应用.机械工业杂志(台湾),1999,(1):170-180
    [11] 毛卫民,钟雪友.半固态金属成形技术.先进铸造技术丛书.北京:机械工业出版社,2004
    [12] 卫爱丽,杨学军,赵浩峰.合金元素对镁合金的性能影响研究.铸造设研究.2005,6(3):16-17
    [13] 卢志文,汪凌云,范永革 等.新型抗蠕变镁合金的研究.镁合金材料及应用,600-604
    [14] 陈晓,傅高升,钱匡武.铸造镁合金的研究与发展现状.铸造技术,2004 (11).255-258
    [15] Luo A etc. Review cast Magnesium Alloys for Elevated Temperature Application. Journal of Material Science, 1994 (29):5259-5271
    [16] Wang Qudong, Lu Yizhen, Zeng Xiaoqin, et al. Study on the fluidity of AZ91-xRE magnesium alloy. Materials Science and Engineering A , 1999 (271):109-115
    [17] 王利国,张保丰,耿家源 等.硅钙合金对AM60镁合金流动性的影响.铸造技术,2005,10(26):927-929
    [18] 汪小平,彭玉成.镁合金压铸件生产关键技术.轻合金加工技术,1995,2(23):11-12
    [19] 彭立明.轮毂用高强高韧镁合金及其成形技术研究.上海交通大学博士后学位论文,2002,10:32-45
    [20] 陈振华,严红革,陈吉华 等编著.镁合金.北京:化学工业出版社,2004
    [21] S. Barbagallo, H.I. Laukli, O. Lohne, et al. Divorced eutectic in a HPDC magnesium-aluminum alloy. Journal of Alloys and Compounds, 2004 (378): 226-232
    [22] 曹幸.稀土及热处理对AM60和AZ91镁合金组织和力学性能的影响.上海交通大学硕士学位论文,2002,2:22-40
    [23] 曹春平.挤压铸造高强韧镁合金材料的研究.重庆大学硕士学位论文,2004,5:44-46
    [24] J.P. Weiler, J.T. Wood, R.J. Klassen, et al. Relationship between internal porosity and fracture strength of die-cast magnesium AM60B alloy. Materials Science and Engineering A, 2005 (395):315-322
    [25] 张久文.Mg-Al系合金组织性能及超塑性研究.大连理工大学硕士学位论文,2005,12:27-29
    [26] 曹幸,彭立明,曾小勤 等.稀土及固溶处理对 AM60B 合金组织和力学性能的影响.机械工程材料,2003,27(2):21-24
    [27] 刘文辉,张新平,熊守美.孔洞对 AZ91D镁合金压铸件性能的影响.稀有金属材料与工程,2005,6(34):872-875
    [28] A.K.Dahle, S.Sannes, D.H.St.John, et al. Formation of defect bands in high pressure die cast magnesium alloys. Journal of Light Metals, 2001(1):99-103
    [29] 董文超,王朝晖,康永林等.T61热处理和过热度对AM60镁合金组织及力学性能的影响.汽车工艺与材料,2004,7:26-28
    [30] 于海朋,王峰,于宝义等.工艺参数和热处理对压铸 AZ91D力学性能的影响.特种铸造及有色合金,2002,2:27-29
    [31] 刘正.镁合金压铸及其铸件低周疲劳行为与裂纹扩展的研究.中国科学院博士学位论文,2001,5:55-65
    [32] 王广生,石康才,周敬.恩等.金属热处理缺陷分析及案例.北京:机 械工业出版社,2002,5
    [33] 张四琪,黄劲松 编著.有色金属熔炼与铸锭.北京:化学工业出版社,2006,1
    [34] 李培杰,郑伟超 等.Ca和Sr对AZ91D合金组织的细化作用.特种铸造及有色合金,2004(3):8-9
    [35] 廖慧敏,龙思远,曹韩学 等.镁合金压铸热裂纹形成机制及工艺对策.特种铸造及有色合金,2006,6(26):350-352
    [36] 廖国勇.用普通压铸设备生产镁合金压铸件.特种铸造及有色合金,2004,5:35
    [37] 彭立明.轮毂用高强高韧镁合金及其成形技术研究.上海交通大学博士后学位论文,2002,10:32-45
    [38] 曾一文,彭立明,毛协民 等.二氟甲烷在镁合金熔炼保护的研究.特种铸造及有色合金,2005,7:406-408
    [39] 齐丕骧.挤压铸造.国防工业出版社,1984:245-258
    [40] Murray, MT; Sequeira, et al. Proceedings of: Magnesium in Automotive Components Conference, edited by USA Society of Automotive En.gineers (Detroit, Michigan, USA, Society of Automotive Engineers, 1996) p: 35-41
    [41] Gopalakrishna, V; Krishnadas Nair, CG; et al. Proceedings of International Magnesium Conference, edited by Institute of Materials(London, Institute of Materials, 1997) p: 575-584
    [42] 刘艳改,刘文辉,熊守美等.工艺参数和型芯对AZ91D镁合金压铸充型能力的影响.铸造,2004,53(11):883-886
    [43] S. Lun Sin, D. Dub'e. Influence of process parameters on fluidity of investment-cast AZ91D magnesium alloy. Materials Science and Engineering A, 2004 (386): 34-42
    [44] 刘正,王中光.镁合金压力充型与凝固过程的研究.材料研究学报,1999,13(6):641-644
    [45] (法国)G.亨利,(联邦德国)D.豪斯特曼 合著, 祥华,田继丰,柯伟 等译.宏观断口学及显微断口学.北京:机械工业出版社,1990,7
    [46] 翟春泉,丁文江,徐小平 等.新型无公害镁合金熔剂的研制.特种铸造及有色合金2002年压铸专刊:284-286
    [47] 夏明许,袁森,蒋百灵等.镁合金压铸件收缩缺陷分析及对策.特种铸造及有色合金,2002,6:23-25
    [48] 王业双.Mg-Al合金热裂行为研究.上海交通大学博士学位论文,2002,9:7-9
    [49] 郑来书.铸造合金及其熔炼.西安:西北工业大学出版社,1994

© 2004-2018 中国地质图书馆版权所有 京ICP备05064691号 京公网安备11010802017129号

地址:北京市海淀区学院路29号 邮编:100083

电话:办公室:(+86 10)66554848;文献借阅、咨询服务、科技查新:66554700