双流化床中煤热解—气化工艺试验研究
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摘要
提高煤炭资源的综合利用率和利用价值是未来一段时期的主要研究方向。双流化床煤热解气化技术将煤制油技术与流化床技术相结合,将煤的热解、部分气化与燃烧过程分级实现,使煤中挥发分形成煤气或焦油,半焦高效燃烧,达到能量梯级利用的目的。这对以煤为主要能源的国家具有重要意义。
本文在原有的双流化床技术基础上,提出了煤的热解和半焦气化燃烧工艺。通过探索试验和冷态试验优化了双流化床系统,确定了燃烧炉内处于部分气化状态,热解炉内处于热解状态；燃烧炉和热解炉通过上返料器和下返料器连接并输送物料；上返料器为通流阀,下返料器为控制阀的工艺流程。
在此工艺指导下,完善和改建了试验系统。确立了热解炉和燃烧炉之间物料输送参数、操作工艺参数和压力平衡参数,实现了体现本工艺流程的试验装置的正常运转。
在双流化床热态试验台上进行了多煤种工艺试验。在试验条件下,该工艺总的热解液相产品收率约20%；相同条件下,当煤种挥发分为32%时,热解炉热解效率达到峰值。在热解炉温度450～850℃的范围内,热解产品质量收率随着热解炉温度的升高而上升,总热解效率在550℃达到峰值。试验条件下,热解焦油产率在热解温度550℃时达到峰值；热解停留时间对热解焦油的产率影响不大。热解炉煤气各组分体积分数关系为：H2>CH4>CO>CO2；随着热解炉温度升高,热解气体热值降低,热解气体产率升高。
最后,根据试验现象,总结了几类系统失稳现象的判断依据及处理办法。
To improve the efficiency of coal resources is the main direction of research in the next few decades. Coal pyrolysis-gasification technology in a dual fluidized bed is a combination of coal-oil technology and fluidized bed technology. In this system, coal pyrolysis, partial gasification and combustion processes are taken place sequentially. Volatile in coal is converted into tar or gas, while the semi-coke burned effectively. This is of great value to countries which regard coal as its main energy resource.
Based on the origin technology in dual fluidized beds, a new technology is considered. Exploration experiments and cold experiments have been made to optimize the system. In the technology process, part gasification process happens in combustion chamber and pyrolysis process happens in pyrolyzer. The combustion chamber is connected with pyrolyzer by two loop seal of U type. One loop seal is an open valve, the other loop seal is a control vlave.
Under the guidance of the technology process, improvements and reconstruction of the test system were made. Parameters of material delivery, operation and pressure balance were fixed.
Experiments on several kinds of coal were made on the dual fluidized beds test rig. The total yield of liquid was about 20% under experimental conditions. The pyrolysis efficiency reaches the highest when the volatile of coal is 32%. In the range of 450～850℃of pyrolysis temperature, the pyrolysis products yield increases with temperature, the pyrolysis efficiency reaches the highest in 550℃of pyrolysis temperature. The tar yield reaches the highest in 550℃of pyrolysis temperature, the pyrolysis time has few impact on the pyrolysis process. The proportion of in the pyrolysis gas has a relation of H2>CH4>CO>CO2, the heat value decreases while the gas yields increases with the temperature.
Based on the experiments, some kinds of phenomenon of imbalance had been summarized, and the way to deal with it had been point out.
本文在原有的双流化床技术基础上,提出了煤的热解和半焦气化燃烧工艺。通过探索试验和冷态试验优化了双流化床系统,确定了燃烧炉内处于部分气化状态,热解炉内处于热解状态；燃烧炉和热解炉通过上返料器和下返料器连接并输送物料；上返料器为通流阀,下返料器为控制阀的工艺流程。
在此工艺指导下,完善和改建了试验系统。确立了热解炉和燃烧炉之间物料输送参数、操作工艺参数和压力平衡参数,实现了体现本工艺流程的试验装置的正常运转。
在双流化床热态试验台上进行了多煤种工艺试验。在试验条件下,该工艺总的热解液相产品收率约20%；相同条件下,当煤种挥发分为32%时,热解炉热解效率达到峰值。在热解炉温度450～850℃的范围内,热解产品质量收率随着热解炉温度的升高而上升,总热解效率在550℃达到峰值。试验条件下,热解焦油产率在热解温度550℃时达到峰值；热解停留时间对热解焦油的产率影响不大。热解炉煤气各组分体积分数关系为：H2>CH4>CO>CO2；随着热解炉温度升高,热解气体热值降低,热解气体产率升高。
最后,根据试验现象,总结了几类系统失稳现象的判断依据及处理办法。
To improve the efficiency of coal resources is the main direction of research in the next few decades. Coal pyrolysis-gasification technology in a dual fluidized bed is a combination of coal-oil technology and fluidized bed technology. In this system, coal pyrolysis, partial gasification and combustion processes are taken place sequentially. Volatile in coal is converted into tar or gas, while the semi-coke burned effectively. This is of great value to countries which regard coal as its main energy resource.
Based on the origin technology in dual fluidized beds, a new technology is considered. Exploration experiments and cold experiments have been made to optimize the system. In the technology process, part gasification process happens in combustion chamber and pyrolysis process happens in pyrolyzer. The combustion chamber is connected with pyrolyzer by two loop seal of U type. One loop seal is an open valve, the other loop seal is a control vlave.
Under the guidance of the technology process, improvements and reconstruction of the test system were made. Parameters of material delivery, operation and pressure balance were fixed.
Experiments on several kinds of coal were made on the dual fluidized beds test rig. The total yield of liquid was about 20% under experimental conditions. The pyrolysis efficiency reaches the highest when the volatile of coal is 32%. In the range of 450～850℃of pyrolysis temperature, the pyrolysis products yield increases with temperature, the pyrolysis efficiency reaches the highest in 550℃of pyrolysis temperature. The tar yield reaches the highest in 550℃of pyrolysis temperature, the pyrolysis time has few impact on the pyrolysis process. The proportion of in the pyrolysis gas has a relation of H2>CH4>CO>CO2, the heat value decreases while the gas yields increases with the temperature.
Based on the experiments, some kinds of phenomenon of imbalance had been summarized, and the way to deal with it had been point out.
引文
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