地下变电站通风空调系统的节能性研究
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摘要
城市供电设施是城市基础设施的重要组成部分,城市居民生活水平的日益提高和上海建设国际一流现代化城市的步伐不断加快,使上海市区用电需求量飞速增长,供电紧张形势日趋严重,城市供电设施建设已经进入了一个新阶段。而市中心往往为繁华的商业用地,有着极高的商业价值,土地资源十分有限和宝贵,因此变电站站址难觅,即使能征得用地,面积也非常小,设计难度大、与周围环境协调的要求高,强调建筑的格调与景观和环境要融为一体。形势的严峻迫使我们寻求新的思路,在市区内建设大电压等级(110 kV、220 kV、500 kV)的地下变电站、结合民用建筑的变电站等适应上海城市发展需要的新型变电站建设模式应运而生。静安(世博)地下变电站是国内首座500kV全地下变电站,站内设备种类多、散热量大,设备安全运行保证要求高。据调查：某110kV全户内变电站变压器室的故障67.09%是因设备热没有及时排出去造成的。并且目前此类大型全地下变电站通风空调系统设计标准,也缺乏相应的实践经验和参考工程。因此在建设全地下变电站的通风空调系统时,有必要通过相应软件对其工况进行模拟研究,找到最优化的设计参数,保证设备在使用的过程中安全可靠的运行。研究的成果不仅服务于本工程,而且还为类似后续工程提供技术支持。
地下变电站顾名思义就是所有的设备均位于地下,但通风空调系统需要与外界进行质的交换,所以本文主要研究地下各个设备房间的通风空调系统,以及地上的总进、排风口之间的相互作用。地下部分的首要研究对象是发热量最大的220kV主变压器室,运用Fluent软件对变压器室的流场及温度场进行数值模拟,湍流模拟采用Realizable k-ε模型,温度项采用Boussinesq假设。通过设置比较有无辐射条件,得出有辐射条件时的温度场更接近实际情况。在此基础上改变送风口有效面积,得出室内温度场分布合理时送风口有效面积分布的区间；且模拟分析不同送风温度下的流场及温度场；以及对低温送风时的送风量进行优化,分析模拟结果知当温度低于某一值时,可以减少房间的额定通风风量,使通风方案更加人性化。用类似模拟方法研究了其它设备间(电抗器、接地变室),由于电抗器和接地变室均为自然进风、机械排风,模拟结果显示当引入的室外新风低于某一值时,在热压下自然进风就可消除室内的余热。
地上部分为大空间模拟,主要研究排风的扩散路径及其对进风温度的影响,对室外环境进行简化处理。在考虑太阳辐射因素的情况下,模拟无外界因素干扰时,通过不断改变下垫面(石灰、土壤、草)进行研究,分析不同下垫面的情况下排风对进风温度的影响的程度。以及有外界因素(主导风向)干扰下,通过尝试各种方法(改变进风井位置、地面种植不同植被)使排风的扩散路径达到最优化,即排风温度对进风温度影响的程度最低。
The city power supply facilities were an important component of urban infrastructure. With the rising living standards and the accelerated construction process of Shanghai to build a world-class modern city, the electricity demand in Shanghai area had a rapid growth and the power supply shortage also got more and more serious, therefore, the city power supply facilities needed to be improved. The ground of downtown had a high commercial value and was very limited, so the site of transformer substation was hard to find. Even after the site was determined, the area of the transformer substation was extremely small, which caused a difficulty of design and coordinate problem with the surrounding environment, which demanded style and landscape of the architecture to be integrated with environment. Seriousness of the situation compelled us to seek new ideas, the construction of large underground transformer substation in the voltage (110 kV,220 kV,500 kV) and the transformer substation combined with civil construction were presented, which could suit the needs of urban development. The Jing'an underground transformer substation (Expo project) was the nation's first 500kV underground transformer substation. The transformer substation had many kinds of equipment, to ensure the safe operation of equipment the cooling load was designed very high. According to the result of the investigation,67.09% failures of 110kV indoor transformer substation room full of equipment were due to heat caused by failure to make timely discharge. And now the large-scale underground transformer substation design standards of ventilation and air conditioning system were lack of appropriate practical experience and reference works. Therefore, it was necessary to simulate the conditions of ventilation and air conditioning system in the underground transformer substation through the appropriate software to find the optimal design parameters, to ensure safe and reliable operation of the equipment used. Research results not only served the project, but also for a similar follow-up project to provide technical support.
As the name suggests underground transformer substation was that all the equipment were located underground, but the ventilation and air conditioning systems still needed to exchange heat and mass with the outside world, so this paper mainly studied the underground ventilation and air conditioning system of each equipment rooms, and the interaction between the main over ground air suction port and exhaust port. The primary object to the underground part of study is the largest heat of 220kV main transformer cabin. By using Fluent software, the flow field and temperature field were numerical simulated. The turbulence simulation and temperature term were simulated with Realizable k-s model and the Boussinesq hypothesis, respectively. The result showed the temperature is closer to the actual situation when the radiation conditions were considered. On this basis, the effective area of outlet was changed to optimize the effective area to obtain the best outlet. The simulation result of the flow and temperature fields under different supply air temperature was analyzed. The analysis showed when the temperature is below a certain value, the ventilation air flow rate in the room could be reduced, which made the ventilation program more user-friendly. Other device rooms (reactors, grounding transformer room) were studied with similar process, because the reactor and change rooms were natural air inlet and mechanical exhaust, the simulation results showed that when the outdoor fresh air temperature below a certain value, air could flow into the equipment room under the natural pressure and eliminated the indoor waste heat.
Because of the ground part was a large space, so the simulation studied main diffusion path of the exhaust and its impact on the inlet air temperature. When the outdoor environment was simplified, the case of solar radiation factors were also considered, and ignored external factors, by changing the underlying surface (lime, soil, grass), the impact of the underlying surface was analyzed. When external factors were considered, for example, prevailing winds, by trying different methods, changing downcast shaft location and ground planting of vegetation, the diffusion path of the exhaust was optimized. Namely, the exhaust temperature on the influence of the inlet temperature was in the lowest level.
地下变电站顾名思义就是所有的设备均位于地下,但通风空调系统需要与外界进行质的交换,所以本文主要研究地下各个设备房间的通风空调系统,以及地上的总进、排风口之间的相互作用。地下部分的首要研究对象是发热量最大的220kV主变压器室,运用Fluent软件对变压器室的流场及温度场进行数值模拟,湍流模拟采用Realizable k-ε模型,温度项采用Boussinesq假设。通过设置比较有无辐射条件,得出有辐射条件时的温度场更接近实际情况。在此基础上改变送风口有效面积,得出室内温度场分布合理时送风口有效面积分布的区间；且模拟分析不同送风温度下的流场及温度场；以及对低温送风时的送风量进行优化,分析模拟结果知当温度低于某一值时,可以减少房间的额定通风风量,使通风方案更加人性化。用类似模拟方法研究了其它设备间(电抗器、接地变室),由于电抗器和接地变室均为自然进风、机械排风,模拟结果显示当引入的室外新风低于某一值时,在热压下自然进风就可消除室内的余热。
地上部分为大空间模拟,主要研究排风的扩散路径及其对进风温度的影响,对室外环境进行简化处理。在考虑太阳辐射因素的情况下,模拟无外界因素干扰时,通过不断改变下垫面(石灰、土壤、草)进行研究,分析不同下垫面的情况下排风对进风温度的影响的程度。以及有外界因素(主导风向)干扰下,通过尝试各种方法(改变进风井位置、地面种植不同植被)使排风的扩散路径达到最优化,即排风温度对进风温度影响的程度最低。
The city power supply facilities were an important component of urban infrastructure. With the rising living standards and the accelerated construction process of Shanghai to build a world-class modern city, the electricity demand in Shanghai area had a rapid growth and the power supply shortage also got more and more serious, therefore, the city power supply facilities needed to be improved. The ground of downtown had a high commercial value and was very limited, so the site of transformer substation was hard to find. Even after the site was determined, the area of the transformer substation was extremely small, which caused a difficulty of design and coordinate problem with the surrounding environment, which demanded style and landscape of the architecture to be integrated with environment. Seriousness of the situation compelled us to seek new ideas, the construction of large underground transformer substation in the voltage (110 kV,220 kV,500 kV) and the transformer substation combined with civil construction were presented, which could suit the needs of urban development. The Jing'an underground transformer substation (Expo project) was the nation's first 500kV underground transformer substation. The transformer substation had many kinds of equipment, to ensure the safe operation of equipment the cooling load was designed very high. According to the result of the investigation,67.09% failures of 110kV indoor transformer substation room full of equipment were due to heat caused by failure to make timely discharge. And now the large-scale underground transformer substation design standards of ventilation and air conditioning system were lack of appropriate practical experience and reference works. Therefore, it was necessary to simulate the conditions of ventilation and air conditioning system in the underground transformer substation through the appropriate software to find the optimal design parameters, to ensure safe and reliable operation of the equipment used. Research results not only served the project, but also for a similar follow-up project to provide technical support.
As the name suggests underground transformer substation was that all the equipment were located underground, but the ventilation and air conditioning systems still needed to exchange heat and mass with the outside world, so this paper mainly studied the underground ventilation and air conditioning system of each equipment rooms, and the interaction between the main over ground air suction port and exhaust port. The primary object to the underground part of study is the largest heat of 220kV main transformer cabin. By using Fluent software, the flow field and temperature field were numerical simulated. The turbulence simulation and temperature term were simulated with Realizable k-s model and the Boussinesq hypothesis, respectively. The result showed the temperature is closer to the actual situation when the radiation conditions were considered. On this basis, the effective area of outlet was changed to optimize the effective area to obtain the best outlet. The simulation result of the flow and temperature fields under different supply air temperature was analyzed. The analysis showed when the temperature is below a certain value, the ventilation air flow rate in the room could be reduced, which made the ventilation program more user-friendly. Other device rooms (reactors, grounding transformer room) were studied with similar process, because the reactor and change rooms were natural air inlet and mechanical exhaust, the simulation results showed that when the outdoor fresh air temperature below a certain value, air could flow into the equipment room under the natural pressure and eliminated the indoor waste heat.
Because of the ground part was a large space, so the simulation studied main diffusion path of the exhaust and its impact on the inlet air temperature. When the outdoor environment was simplified, the case of solar radiation factors were also considered, and ignored external factors, by changing the underlying surface (lime, soil, grass), the impact of the underlying surface was analyzed. When external factors were considered, for example, prevailing winds, by trying different methods, changing downcast shaft location and ground planting of vegetation, the diffusion path of the exhaust was optimized. Namely, the exhaust temperature on the influence of the inlet temperature was in the lowest level.
引文
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