金属涂层结合性能的复合弹丸撞击方法研究
摘要
采用新型复合弹丸撞击法,对金属涂层界面间的结合强度进行了理论分析与试验研究。
采用应力波理论,建立了一维应力波模型,对复合弹丸撞击过程中应力波传播过程与规律进行分析；接着,建立复合弹丸撞击金属涂层钢板的试验系统,以弹道枪作为发射装置,采用覆有金属薄膜的弹丸撞击涂层试件,发现了试件上涂层剥落现象,验证了弹丸撞击法的可行性；基于此,采用非线性有限元程序ANSYS/LS-DYNA对复合弹丸撞击涂层钢板的过程进行了数值仿真,获得了基体厚度、弹头薄膜与钢板涂层厚度的比值、弹丸撞击的速度等参数变化时,基体及界面涂层侧法向的应力分布情况,分析了镍涂层与陶瓷涂层对结合性能的影响,并分析了应用壳单元与实体单元在本模型中仿真薄膜与涂层时,得到不同单元对仿真结果精度的影响；结合之前的应力波理论解,将有限元仿真结果与之对比,进行理论上的相互验证；最后提出了应力测量的测试系统,介绍了测试原理,分析了以PVDF压电传感器的不同测量模式下的电路特点,并应用Multisim对测量电路进行仿真与分析。
A new method of a composite bullet impact against the metal covered with a film is proposed to analyze and research the bonding strength between the metal and film. The work contains two aspects both in theory and experiment.
A one-dimensional model is established by the theory of Stress-wave in order to find the rule of the process of composite projectile impacting. Secondly, establish an experimental system of this new method. A ballistic gun is used to launch bullet with a metallic coating to impact the specimen. The result is that the film is falling from the metal and it verifies the feasibility of this method. For this reason, the process of projectile impacting against the specimen is also simulated by using transient explicit finite element code ANSYS/LS-DYNA. Base qualitative analysis of the thickness, the ratio of film and the substrate and the velocity of bullet on the interface normal stress and substrate stress by means of numerical simulation. Analyze the performance of combination when the substrate is covered with different films, for example, the nickel or the ceramic film. Make a contrast and analyze shell elements and solid elements which used to simulate the coating and film in order to get the accurate result of numerical simulation. Theoretical arithmetic of stress wave and numerical simulation are combined to comprise and analyze. At last, put forward a stress test system, describe the test principle and analyze PVDF piezoelectric sensors to measure different characteristics of the circuit mode, and uses the software of Multisim to do circuit simulation and analysis.
采用应力波理论,建立了一维应力波模型,对复合弹丸撞击过程中应力波传播过程与规律进行分析；接着,建立复合弹丸撞击金属涂层钢板的试验系统,以弹道枪作为发射装置,采用覆有金属薄膜的弹丸撞击涂层试件,发现了试件上涂层剥落现象,验证了弹丸撞击法的可行性；基于此,采用非线性有限元程序ANSYS/LS-DYNA对复合弹丸撞击涂层钢板的过程进行了数值仿真,获得了基体厚度、弹头薄膜与钢板涂层厚度的比值、弹丸撞击的速度等参数变化时,基体及界面涂层侧法向的应力分布情况,分析了镍涂层与陶瓷涂层对结合性能的影响,并分析了应用壳单元与实体单元在本模型中仿真薄膜与涂层时,得到不同单元对仿真结果精度的影响；结合之前的应力波理论解,将有限元仿真结果与之对比,进行理论上的相互验证；最后提出了应力测量的测试系统,介绍了测试原理,分析了以PVDF压电传感器的不同测量模式下的电路特点,并应用Multisim对测量电路进行仿真与分析。
A new method of a composite bullet impact against the metal covered with a film is proposed to analyze and research the bonding strength between the metal and film. The work contains two aspects both in theory and experiment.
A one-dimensional model is established by the theory of Stress-wave in order to find the rule of the process of composite projectile impacting. Secondly, establish an experimental system of this new method. A ballistic gun is used to launch bullet with a metallic coating to impact the specimen. The result is that the film is falling from the metal and it verifies the feasibility of this method. For this reason, the process of projectile impacting against the specimen is also simulated by using transient explicit finite element code ANSYS/LS-DYNA. Base qualitative analysis of the thickness, the ratio of film and the substrate and the velocity of bullet on the interface normal stress and substrate stress by means of numerical simulation. Analyze the performance of combination when the substrate is covered with different films, for example, the nickel or the ceramic film. Make a contrast and analyze shell elements and solid elements which used to simulate the coating and film in order to get the accurate result of numerical simulation. Theoretical arithmetic of stress wave and numerical simulation are combined to comprise and analyze. At last, put forward a stress test system, describe the test principle and analyze PVDF piezoelectric sensors to measure different characteristics of the circuit mode, and uses the software of Multisim to do circuit simulation and analysis.
引文
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[2]沈宁.表面处理工艺手册.上海：上海科学技术出版社,1991.
[3]冯爱新,谢华锟,张永康等.膜-基界面结合性能激光划痕检测方法技术优势分析.工具技术,2003,37(9)：10-13.
[4]崔春翔,吴人洁,王浩伟.金属基复合材料界面特征与力学性能.宇航材料工艺,1997,1：1-6.
[5]阚剑平.激光层裂法检测薄膜与基体结合强度有限元分析.江苏大学硕士学位论文.2002.
[6]苏修梁,张欣宇.表面涂层与基体间的界面结合强度及其测定.电镀与环保,2004,24(2)：6-11.
[7]薛玉娥,林香祝,张影寰.用划痕法测定硬质涂层的结合力.陕西机械学院学报,1989,5(1)：65-73.
[8]蒋丽梅,肖颖喆,滑广军等.划痕法对金属包装材料涂层/基底体系界面结合性能的研究.包装工程,2010,31(9)：60-63.
[9]张宁,聂璞林,李铸国等.鼓泡法试验薄膜力学行为的研究.力学季刊,2010,31(1)：15-20.
[10]胡斌,孙方宏,简小刚等.鼓泡法在金刚石薄膜/硅基界面结合强度定量测量中的应用分析与试验研究.航空精密制造技术,2003,39(4)：21-24.
[11]简小刚,孙方宏,陈明等.鼓泡法定量测量金刚石薄膜膜基界面结合强度的实验研究.金刚石与磨料磨具工程,2003,36(4)：1-4.
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[13]曾丹勇,张永康,於自岚.激光层裂法测量复合材料界面拉伸强度研究进展.材料科学与工程,2001,19(1)：148-152.
[14]V. Gupta, A.S. Argon, D.M.Parks, et al. Measurement of interface strength by a laser spallation technique. Journal of the Mechanics and Physics of Solids,1992,40(1): 141-180.
[15]周明,张永康,蔡兰.激光层裂法定量测定薄膜界面结合强度.中国科学(E辑).2002,32(1)：28-36.
[16]杨班权,陈光南,张坤等.涂层/基体材料界面结合强度测量方法的现状与展望.力学进展,2007,37(1)：67-79.
[17]Ting B Y, Winer W Q. A semi-quantitative method for thin film adhesion measurement. Journal of Tribology.1985,107:472-477.
[18]杨金霞,崔振铎,魏强等.基体拉伸法测试二氧化钛薄膜界面结合强度.功能材料,2006,12(37)：1923-1925.
[19]Agrawal D C, Raj R. Study of aggregation in dilute solution of alumina particles by light scattering. Acta Metall,1987,37(1):1265-1271.
[20]郑小玲,游敏.拉伸法测定涂层界面强度的适用性研究.粘接,2003,24(2)：7-9.
[21]Era H, Otsubo F, Uchida T, Fukuda S, Kishitake K.A modified shear test for adhesion evaluation of thermal sprayed coating.Materials Science and Engineering A,1998, 251(1-2):166-172.
[22]胡奈赛,徐可为,何家文.涂、镀层的结合强度评定.中国表面工程.1998,38(1)：31-36.
[23]Chen-Wu Wu, Zhi-Lin Wu, Kun Zhang, Guang-Nan Chen. Evaluation of film-substrate adhesion via impact using caoated bullets. Journal of Mechanics of Materials and Structures,2009,4(10):1703-1709.
[24]Zhi-Lin Wu, Chen-Wu Wu, Guang-Nan Chen and Kun Zhang. On a novel method of impact by a front-end-coated bullet to evaluate the interface adhesion between film and substrate, Progress in Organic Coatings,681-2 (2010) 19-22.
[25]王礼立.应力波基础.北京：国防工业出版社,2010.
[26]郭伟国,李玉龙,索涛等.应力波基础简明教程,西安：西北工业大学出版社,2007.
[27]马晓青.冲击动力学.北京：北京理工大学出版社,1992.
[28]刘瑞军,陈东林,何卫锋.基于激光冲击强化的冲击波实验研究.应用激光,2010,30(3)：204-206.
[29]吴志林,张强.薄膜弹丸对涂层基体冲击的界面结合强度分析.科学技术与工程,2011,11(34)：8413-8418.
[30]王宇新,顾元宪,孙明.冲击载荷作用下多孔材料复合结构防爆理论计算.兵工学报.2006,27(2)：375-379.
[31]刘国庆,杨庆东ANSYS工程应用教程.北京：中国铁道出版社,2003.
[32]何涛,杨竞,金鑫等ANSYS 10.0/LS-DYNA非线性有限元分析实例指导教程.北京：机械工业出版社,2007.
[33]白金泽LS-DYNA3D理论基础与实例分析.北京：科学出版社,2005.
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