利用可再生能源的浴室供热方案研究
|
摘要
我国能源结构长期以煤为主,主要利用方式是燃烧煤炭,燃烧中排放的大量有害物质导致城市空气质量的恶化和大规模的酸雨沉降。2005年以来,我国主要城市都将提高城市空气质量,减少一次能源的消耗加入城市发展规划,许多城市都划定了禁止燃煤区和限制燃煤区,区域中燃煤的使用受到限制。
太阳能、热泵技术的发展为利用可再生能源替代燃煤提供了科学技术支持,本文就针对浴室供热系统,提出了综合利用太阳能、浴室污水废热、土壤蓄热性能等可再生能源的浴室供热系统。根据浴室使用情况的不同采取不同的运行模式,分为浴室蓄热运行模式、浴室供热运行模式,供热运行模式又包括太阳能直接供热模式、太阳能热泵供热模式、地源热泵供热模式、污水源热泵供热模式。
本文以武汉市某高校浴室为例,建立系统各部件的数学模型,通过基于Fluent的仿真模拟平台将各部件耦合计算,得到系统全年运行情况的逐时数据,分析在蓄热季太阳能蓄热性能,供热季系统能耗,系统运行费用,并探讨了污水热回收其他利用方式及增设浴室预热水箱的浴室用水方式,提高系统运行效率,降低能耗。得出以下结论。
(1)通过浴室蓄热模式,将太阳能存储在地下,能够提高地下土壤温度,进而提高机组运行效率;
(2)系统能够为浴室提供充足的热源,保证系统平稳高效的运行,即使在寒冷的冬季,空气温度低于0℃,没有太阳辐射时,仍能良好运行;
(3)与常规能源相比,系统运行费用低。同时利用的都是可再生能源,使用时不产生废气、废水、废渣等污染,具有良好的环境效益;
(4)通过污水热回收的多级利用方式、增设预热水箱的浴室用水方式,可以提高系统能源利用率,降低系统能耗。
In recent years, in order to improve the air quality and reduce the primary energy consumption, many cities releases the policy of classifying the prohibition coal-burning area and limitation coal-burning area, in which high polluting coal fired boiler couldn’t be built or expanded. Besides, except the ones used to support urban central heating and utility boiler, the existing coal fired boiler in the prohibition area should be removed or reconstructed to utilize natural gas, liquefied petroleum gas or electricity and so on. However, for the public bathrooms in city as well as in universities, the traditional heating mode still takes advantage of coal fired boiler. As a result, it’s a major concern on how to rebuild the public bathroom to maintain its lower operating cost and easy control after the new policy.
With solar energy and heat pump technology, we can use renewable energy to reduce coal. In this paper proposes a heating plan of utilizing renewable energy sources, including solar energy, waste heat of sewage and thermal storage performance of soil. According to the bathroom's operating conditions, it takes different mode of operations: bathroom Regenerative mode, bathroom heating operation mode which include direct solar heating mode, the solar heat pump heating mode, ground source heat pump heating mode, sewage source heat pump heating mode.
Studying on the example of a bathroom in Wuhan, this paper constructs mathematical model of the system components. Based on the simulation platform of Fluent, it gets the system running status of a year and analyzes solar thermal storage performance of heat storage season, energy consumption of heating season energy consumption and the cast.
At last, it proposes the way if using sewage, the way of hot water using,and then gets some of conclusions listed here:
(1) Through the bathroom regenerative mode, the solar energy stored in the ground, to improve the underground soil temperature, thus improving the efficiency of plant operation;
(2)The system can provide adequate heat for the bathroom to ensure smooth and efficient operation of the system. Even in cold winter, the air temperature is below 0℃, no solar radiation, it can still run well;
(3) Compared with conventional energy sources, this system operating costs low. Using renewable energy, there is no exhaust gas , waste water, waste and other pollution produced, so this system has a good environmental benefits;
(4) Sewage heat recovery through the use of multi-level approach, additional warm-water tank bathroom ways to improve energy efficiency and reduce energy consumption.
太阳能、热泵技术的发展为利用可再生能源替代燃煤提供了科学技术支持,本文就针对浴室供热系统,提出了综合利用太阳能、浴室污水废热、土壤蓄热性能等可再生能源的浴室供热系统。根据浴室使用情况的不同采取不同的运行模式,分为浴室蓄热运行模式、浴室供热运行模式,供热运行模式又包括太阳能直接供热模式、太阳能热泵供热模式、地源热泵供热模式、污水源热泵供热模式。
本文以武汉市某高校浴室为例,建立系统各部件的数学模型,通过基于Fluent的仿真模拟平台将各部件耦合计算,得到系统全年运行情况的逐时数据,分析在蓄热季太阳能蓄热性能,供热季系统能耗,系统运行费用,并探讨了污水热回收其他利用方式及增设浴室预热水箱的浴室用水方式,提高系统运行效率,降低能耗。得出以下结论。
(1)通过浴室蓄热模式,将太阳能存储在地下,能够提高地下土壤温度,进而提高机组运行效率;
(2)系统能够为浴室提供充足的热源,保证系统平稳高效的运行,即使在寒冷的冬季,空气温度低于0℃,没有太阳辐射时,仍能良好运行;
(3)与常规能源相比,系统运行费用低。同时利用的都是可再生能源,使用时不产生废气、废水、废渣等污染,具有良好的环境效益;
(4)通过污水热回收的多级利用方式、增设预热水箱的浴室用水方式,可以提高系统能源利用率,降低系统能耗。
In recent years, in order to improve the air quality and reduce the primary energy consumption, many cities releases the policy of classifying the prohibition coal-burning area and limitation coal-burning area, in which high polluting coal fired boiler couldn’t be built or expanded. Besides, except the ones used to support urban central heating and utility boiler, the existing coal fired boiler in the prohibition area should be removed or reconstructed to utilize natural gas, liquefied petroleum gas or electricity and so on. However, for the public bathrooms in city as well as in universities, the traditional heating mode still takes advantage of coal fired boiler. As a result, it’s a major concern on how to rebuild the public bathroom to maintain its lower operating cost and easy control after the new policy.
With solar energy and heat pump technology, we can use renewable energy to reduce coal. In this paper proposes a heating plan of utilizing renewable energy sources, including solar energy, waste heat of sewage and thermal storage performance of soil. According to the bathroom's operating conditions, it takes different mode of operations: bathroom Regenerative mode, bathroom heating operation mode which include direct solar heating mode, the solar heat pump heating mode, ground source heat pump heating mode, sewage source heat pump heating mode.
Studying on the example of a bathroom in Wuhan, this paper constructs mathematical model of the system components. Based on the simulation platform of Fluent, it gets the system running status of a year and analyzes solar thermal storage performance of heat storage season, energy consumption of heating season energy consumption and the cast.
At last, it proposes the way if using sewage, the way of hot water using,and then gets some of conclusions listed here:
(1) Through the bathroom regenerative mode, the solar energy stored in the ground, to improve the underground soil temperature, thus improving the efficiency of plant operation;
(2)The system can provide adequate heat for the bathroom to ensure smooth and efficient operation of the system. Even in cold winter, the air temperature is below 0℃, no solar radiation, it can still run well;
(3) Compared with conventional energy sources, this system operating costs low. Using renewable energy, there is no exhaust gas , waste water, waste and other pollution produced, so this system has a good environmental benefits;
(4) Sewage heat recovery through the use of multi-level approach, additional warm-water tank bathroom ways to improve energy efficiency and reduce energy consumption.
引文
[1]谌天兵,武建军,韩甲业.燃煤污染现状及其治理技术综述[J].煤. 2006, 15(2): 1~7
[2]郑晓琴.洗浴废水热回收热泵系统的分析与研究. [D]:大连:大连理工大学图书馆, 2007
[3]罗清海,汤广发,龚光彩等.热电热泵热水器的研制与节能分析[J].制冷空调, 2004, 25(95): 26~29
[4] C. G Carrington. Performance of an air to air heat pump in a temperate climate[J]. International Journal of Refrigeration, 1981, 4(3): 147~155
[5]马志虎.空气源热泵热水机组在游泳池水加热中的应用[J].山西建筑. 2007, 33(25): 199~200
[6]黄宝玉,李家坤.空气源热泵在供热水系统中的应用[J].长江工程职业技术学院学报. 2009, 26(3): 50~51
[7] N. C. Baek, U. C. Shin, J. H. Yoon A. Study on the design and analysis of a heat pump heating system using wastewater as a heat source[J]. Solar Energy, 2005, 78 (3): 427~440
[8] Zhuang Zhaoyi, Sun Dexing. Design and calculation of the sewage heat exchanger based on SCILAB[R]. Open-source Software for Scientific Computation, 2009, 148~152
[9] S. A. Tassou. Heat recovery from sewage effluent using heat pumps[J]. Heat Recovery Systems and CHP, 1988(8): 41~148
[10] H. O. Lindstr?m. Experiences with a 3. 3 MW heat pump using sewage water as heat source[J]. Journal of Heat Recovery Systems, 1985(5): 33~38
[11] H.基恩产·哈登费尔特.热泵第二卷·电动热泵的应用[M].耿惠彬译.北京:机械工业出版社, 1987
[12]吴学慧,孙德兴.城市原生污水换热器的能效分析[J].可再生能源. 2007, 25(2): 73~75
[13]曲云霞,黄峰,宫晔.沉浸式污水换热器的传热模型与验证[J].可再生能源, 2009, 27(3): 113~115
[14]黄坤荣,刘升学,王汉青.某高校热泵型浴室热回收系统的设计方案探讨[J].能源技术, 2005, 26(1): 31~32
[15]黄坤荣,王林,卿德藩.热泵技术在浴室废热回收上的应用研究[J].制冷与空调, 2005, 5(1): 79~81
[16]侯艳辉,陈东,谢继红.小型公共浴室热泵热水装置的结构分析[J].化工装备技术, 2008, 29(6): 22~25
[17]冯圣红,陈涛,李德英.高校浴室废水余热回收及利用分析[J].节能, 2009, (1): 44~45
[18]王睿怀,冯圣红.高校浴室废水热回收与节能减排的探讨[J].建筑节能, 2008, 36(207): 72~24
[19] Arif Hepbasli. Ground-Source Heat Pumps. Encyclopedia of Energy[J]. 2004: 97~106
[20] Rahman, S. . , Sarker, S. H. , Huque, S . . Performance study of an indigenously built flat plate solar water heater. Developments in Renewable Energy Technology, Dhaka, 2009: 1~4
[21]李锦堂.太阳能发展100年.太阳能, 1999(4): 2~4
[22] Kamil Kaygusuz. Solar Heat Pumps. Encyclopedia of Energy[J]. 2004: 639~650
[23] Lu Aye, W. W. S. Charters, C. Chaichana. Solar Heat Pump Systems For Domestic Hot Water[J]. Solar Energy 2002, 73(3): 169~175
[24] G. Tsilingiridis, G. Martinopoulos. Thirty years of domestic solar hot water systems use in Greece-energy and environmental benefits–future perspectives[J]. Renewable Energy, 2010(35): 490~497
[25]赵军,马一太,郑宗和等.太阳能辅助热泵供热水系统的实验研究[J].太阳能学报, 1993, 14(4): 306~10
[26]余延顺,马最良,廉乐明.太阳能热泵系统运行工况的模拟研究[J].流体机械, 2004, 32(5): 65~9
[27]旷玉辉,王如竹.太阳能热泵热水器[J].太阳能, 2003(4): 13~5
[28]吴运良,叶剑文,李志敏.某大型工厂生活热水系统节能改造[J].节能. 2010(5): 76~77
[29]林康立.太阳能与空气源热泵结合的热水工程设计及技术经济比较[J].制冷技术, 2009(1): 5~11
[30] R C Jordan, J L Threlkeld. Design and economics of solar energy heat pump systems[J]. Heating, Piping and Air Conditioning. 1954(28): 122~130
[31]彭娇娇.空气源热泵辅助太阳能热水系统在江淮地区应用的节能环保效益研究. [D]:扬州:扬州大学图书馆, 2010
[32]刘杰.太阳能——空气复合热源热泵机组的模拟研究. [D]:天津:天津城市建设学院图书馆, 2008
[33] Liang Caihua, Zhang Xiaosong, Zhu Xia, etal. Performance analysis of heat pump based on a new solar air-source heat pump heating system[J]. Urnal of Southeast University(English Edition), 2010(2): 227~231
[34]柴小伟,边洪霞.浴室余热回收及节能系统的初步设计[J].节能. 2006, (8): 37~39
[35]公共浴室给水排水设计规程[S].北京:中国计划出版社, 2003
[36]李安琴.高校公共浴室热水设计问题探讨[J].给水排水, 2009, 35(7): 87~89
[37]乔卫来,陈九法,薛琴等.地埋管换热器热响应测试与模拟研究[J].建筑热能通风空调, 2010(1): 1~5
[38]孙德兴,肖红侠,张承虎等.污水换热器的设计计算[J].暖通空调, 2009, 39(5): 101~103
[39]武姿,付林,袁卫星.污水换热器传热性能测试分析[J].暖通空调, 2009, 39(2): 87~89
[40]沈辉,曾祖勤.太阳能光伏发电技术[M].北京:化学工业出版社, 2005
[41] Hay J E. Calculation of monthly mean solar radiation for horizontal and inclined surface[J]. Solar Energy, 1979, 23(4): 301—307
[42] G. Alvarez, J. Arce, L. Lira, M. R. Heras. Thermal performance of an air solar collector with an absorber plate made of recyclable aluminum cans[J]. Solar Energy, 2004, 77(1): 107~113
[43] Rorres, C. , Orbach, A. , Fischl, R. Optimal and suboptimal control policies for a solar collector system[J]. Automatic Control, 1980, 25(6): 1085~1091
[44]毕月虹,陈林根.太阳能--土壤热源热泵的性能研究[J] .太阳能学报, 2000, 21(2): 214~219
[45]罗海清.热电热泵热水器的研制及热力分析. [D]:湖南:湖南大学图书馆, 2006
[46]章熙民,任泽霈,梅飞明等.传热学.第4版. [M].北京:中国建筑工程出版社, 2001
[47]连之伟.热值交换原理与设备.第2版. [M].北京:中国建筑工业出版社, 2006
[48]杨文广.武汉地区不同形式地源热泵系统能耗研究. [D].武汉:华中科技大学图书馆, 2009
[49] Hui Jin. Parameter estimation based models of watersource heat pumps [D]. Oklahoma: Oklahoma State University, 2002
[50] Gordon J M, Kim Choon Ng, Hui Tong Chua. Centrifugal chillers: thermodynamic modeling and a diagnostic case study[J]. International Journal of Refrigeration, 1995, 18(4): 253~257
[51]刘洋,刘金祥.水源热泵机组变工况运行的数学模型研究[J].暖通空调, 2007, 37(3): 21~24
[52] Y. M. Han, R. Z. Wang, Y. J. Dai. Thermal stratification within the water tank[J]. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 2008(550): 13-15
[53]周双,康侍民.重庆市城市生活污水热能的应用研究[J].市政工程, 2009, 29(1): 230~232
[54]郝满晋,涂光备.高校浴室热水供应系统的设计[J].煤气与热力, 2005, 25(6): 42~44
[2]郑晓琴.洗浴废水热回收热泵系统的分析与研究. [D]:大连:大连理工大学图书馆, 2007
[3]罗清海,汤广发,龚光彩等.热电热泵热水器的研制与节能分析[J].制冷空调, 2004, 25(95): 26~29
[4] C. G Carrington. Performance of an air to air heat pump in a temperate climate[J]. International Journal of Refrigeration, 1981, 4(3): 147~155
[5]马志虎.空气源热泵热水机组在游泳池水加热中的应用[J].山西建筑. 2007, 33(25): 199~200
[6]黄宝玉,李家坤.空气源热泵在供热水系统中的应用[J].长江工程职业技术学院学报. 2009, 26(3): 50~51
[7] N. C. Baek, U. C. Shin, J. H. Yoon A. Study on the design and analysis of a heat pump heating system using wastewater as a heat source[J]. Solar Energy, 2005, 78 (3): 427~440
[8] Zhuang Zhaoyi, Sun Dexing. Design and calculation of the sewage heat exchanger based on SCILAB[R]. Open-source Software for Scientific Computation, 2009, 148~152
[9] S. A. Tassou. Heat recovery from sewage effluent using heat pumps[J]. Heat Recovery Systems and CHP, 1988(8): 41~148
[10] H. O. Lindstr?m. Experiences with a 3. 3 MW heat pump using sewage water as heat source[J]. Journal of Heat Recovery Systems, 1985(5): 33~38
[11] H.基恩产·哈登费尔特.热泵第二卷·电动热泵的应用[M].耿惠彬译.北京:机械工业出版社, 1987
[12]吴学慧,孙德兴.城市原生污水换热器的能效分析[J].可再生能源. 2007, 25(2): 73~75
[13]曲云霞,黄峰,宫晔.沉浸式污水换热器的传热模型与验证[J].可再生能源, 2009, 27(3): 113~115
[14]黄坤荣,刘升学,王汉青.某高校热泵型浴室热回收系统的设计方案探讨[J].能源技术, 2005, 26(1): 31~32
[15]黄坤荣,王林,卿德藩.热泵技术在浴室废热回收上的应用研究[J].制冷与空调, 2005, 5(1): 79~81
[16]侯艳辉,陈东,谢继红.小型公共浴室热泵热水装置的结构分析[J].化工装备技术, 2008, 29(6): 22~25
[17]冯圣红,陈涛,李德英.高校浴室废水余热回收及利用分析[J].节能, 2009, (1): 44~45
[18]王睿怀,冯圣红.高校浴室废水热回收与节能减排的探讨[J].建筑节能, 2008, 36(207): 72~24
[19] Arif Hepbasli. Ground-Source Heat Pumps. Encyclopedia of Energy[J]. 2004: 97~106
[20] Rahman, S. . , Sarker, S. H. , Huque, S . . Performance study of an indigenously built flat plate solar water heater. Developments in Renewable Energy Technology, Dhaka, 2009: 1~4
[21]李锦堂.太阳能发展100年.太阳能, 1999(4): 2~4
[22] Kamil Kaygusuz. Solar Heat Pumps. Encyclopedia of Energy[J]. 2004: 639~650
[23] Lu Aye, W. W. S. Charters, C. Chaichana. Solar Heat Pump Systems For Domestic Hot Water[J]. Solar Energy 2002, 73(3): 169~175
[24] G. Tsilingiridis, G. Martinopoulos. Thirty years of domestic solar hot water systems use in Greece-energy and environmental benefits–future perspectives[J]. Renewable Energy, 2010(35): 490~497
[25]赵军,马一太,郑宗和等.太阳能辅助热泵供热水系统的实验研究[J].太阳能学报, 1993, 14(4): 306~10
[26]余延顺,马最良,廉乐明.太阳能热泵系统运行工况的模拟研究[J].流体机械, 2004, 32(5): 65~9
[27]旷玉辉,王如竹.太阳能热泵热水器[J].太阳能, 2003(4): 13~5
[28]吴运良,叶剑文,李志敏.某大型工厂生活热水系统节能改造[J].节能. 2010(5): 76~77
[29]林康立.太阳能与空气源热泵结合的热水工程设计及技术经济比较[J].制冷技术, 2009(1): 5~11
[30] R C Jordan, J L Threlkeld. Design and economics of solar energy heat pump systems[J]. Heating, Piping and Air Conditioning. 1954(28): 122~130
[31]彭娇娇.空气源热泵辅助太阳能热水系统在江淮地区应用的节能环保效益研究. [D]:扬州:扬州大学图书馆, 2010
[32]刘杰.太阳能——空气复合热源热泵机组的模拟研究. [D]:天津:天津城市建设学院图书馆, 2008
[33] Liang Caihua, Zhang Xiaosong, Zhu Xia, etal. Performance analysis of heat pump based on a new solar air-source heat pump heating system[J]. Urnal of Southeast University(English Edition), 2010(2): 227~231
[34]柴小伟,边洪霞.浴室余热回收及节能系统的初步设计[J].节能. 2006, (8): 37~39
[35]公共浴室给水排水设计规程[S].北京:中国计划出版社, 2003
[36]李安琴.高校公共浴室热水设计问题探讨[J].给水排水, 2009, 35(7): 87~89
[37]乔卫来,陈九法,薛琴等.地埋管换热器热响应测试与模拟研究[J].建筑热能通风空调, 2010(1): 1~5
[38]孙德兴,肖红侠,张承虎等.污水换热器的设计计算[J].暖通空调, 2009, 39(5): 101~103
[39]武姿,付林,袁卫星.污水换热器传热性能测试分析[J].暖通空调, 2009, 39(2): 87~89
[40]沈辉,曾祖勤.太阳能光伏发电技术[M].北京:化学工业出版社, 2005
[41] Hay J E. Calculation of monthly mean solar radiation for horizontal and inclined surface[J]. Solar Energy, 1979, 23(4): 301—307
[42] G. Alvarez, J. Arce, L. Lira, M. R. Heras. Thermal performance of an air solar collector with an absorber plate made of recyclable aluminum cans[J]. Solar Energy, 2004, 77(1): 107~113
[43] Rorres, C. , Orbach, A. , Fischl, R. Optimal and suboptimal control policies for a solar collector system[J]. Automatic Control, 1980, 25(6): 1085~1091
[44]毕月虹,陈林根.太阳能--土壤热源热泵的性能研究[J] .太阳能学报, 2000, 21(2): 214~219
[45]罗海清.热电热泵热水器的研制及热力分析. [D]:湖南:湖南大学图书馆, 2006
[46]章熙民,任泽霈,梅飞明等.传热学.第4版. [M].北京:中国建筑工程出版社, 2001
[47]连之伟.热值交换原理与设备.第2版. [M].北京:中国建筑工业出版社, 2006
[48]杨文广.武汉地区不同形式地源热泵系统能耗研究. [D].武汉:华中科技大学图书馆, 2009
[49] Hui Jin. Parameter estimation based models of watersource heat pumps [D]. Oklahoma: Oklahoma State University, 2002
[50] Gordon J M, Kim Choon Ng, Hui Tong Chua. Centrifugal chillers: thermodynamic modeling and a diagnostic case study[J]. International Journal of Refrigeration, 1995, 18(4): 253~257
[51]刘洋,刘金祥.水源热泵机组变工况运行的数学模型研究[J].暖通空调, 2007, 37(3): 21~24
[52] Y. M. Han, R. Z. Wang, Y. J. Dai. Thermal stratification within the water tank[J]. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 2008(550): 13-15
[53]周双,康侍民.重庆市城市生活污水热能的应用研究[J].市政工程, 2009, 29(1): 230~232
[54]郝满晋,涂光备.高校浴室热水供应系统的设计[J].煤气与热力, 2005, 25(6): 42~44