热电技术在除湿和蓄热方面的实验研究
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摘要
本文正是在当今能源匮乏,环境污染严重的背景下,提出利用热电技术对建筑余能进行回收利用,并且结合了除湿技术和相变蓄热技术探索研究了热电技术的应用途径。
首先设计了一种室内机械排风余能回收装置。考虑到大多数建筑在采用机械通风的同时也会产生无组织进风现象,没经过任何处理的无组织进风会在冬夏两季,给室内带来额外的冷热负荷。笔者尝试在机械通风装置上加装热电热泵系统对新风进行处理。对样机的实验表明,冬夏两季该装置都同时具有增加室内新风和降低空调能耗的双重功效。输入电压和风量对冬季的制热效率、夏季制冷效率和除湿效率都有影响,冬季的制热效率、夏季制冷效率和除湿效率对应输入电压的函数图形都是二次曲线,值得注意的是夏季制冷效率和除湿效率对应的二次曲线并不耦合。制冷系数和除湿效率的优化就是输入电压取值和风量选择的合理化问题。该装置的特色是在改善室内的空气品质的同时回收利用了室内排风余能,降低了空调的负荷,一举两得。
其次本文还讨论了利用热电热泵对相变材料进行储热和放热的可行性,并对样机的性能进行了测试。实验结果表明,该装置实现了主动蓄热和主动放热,其蓄/放热能力得到了验证。在不同工作电压和不同热源温度时,该装置的蓄/放热时间以及蓄/放热效率有很大差异。在工作电压较高,余热热源温度较高的情况下,该装置蓄热所需时间较短;加大工作电压会导致半导体芯片冷热端温差变大从而降低该装置的制热系数。该装置对比被动式相变蓄热装置最大的优越性在于工作电压的可调性,因此在合理的范围内调整工作电压的大小,可以保证其较高的蓄/放热性能,同时克服了被动式相变蓄热装置在低温余热回收过程中无法改善热能供需双方在时间、地点和强度上不匹配性的缺点。
It is under the circumstance of energy shortages and serious environmental pollution that this paper proposed to recycle and use exhaust energy by utilizing thermoelectric technology, and explored the application way of thermoelectric technology combined with the technology of dehumidification and phase-change heat storage.
First of all an interior mechanical exhaust air waste energy recovery device was designed. Considered that most of buildings generate unorganized air supply when mechanical ventilation are used, and that the unorganized air supply without any treatment would bring in additional cooling and heating load in summer and winter, the device was tried to dispose the fresh air with the thermoelectric heat pump system installed on it. The experiment on model machine shows that, the device has the dual function of increasing the indoor fresh air and reducing air conditioner energy consumption at the same time in summer and winter. The input voltage and air flow have effects on the heating efficiency of winter, the cooling efficiency of summer and the dehumidification efficiency, and the function graphs of the corresponding input voltage are quadratic curves. It should be noted that the corresponding quadratic curves of summer’s cooling efficiency and dehumidification efficiency have not coincidence. COP and optimization of dehumidification efficiency are the problem of rationalization of selecting input voltage and air flow. The unique feature of the device is that it can improve the indoor air quality while recycling and using the indoor exhaust energy, and reduce the air conditioner load.
In addition, this paper discussed the heat-storing and exothermal feasibility of hase- change materials by utilizing thermoelectric heat pump, and tested the performance of model machine. The experiment results show that, the device achieved active thermal storage and release. When the working voltage and the temperature of heat source are different, the time and efficiency of accumulating and releasing heat have many differences. With high working voltage and heat source temperature, the needed time of the device to accumulate heat is much shorter. The increased working voltage can enlarge the temperature difference between the hot and cold side of semiconductor chip, and then reduce the heat coefficient. Compared with the passive phase change heat storage device, the biggest advantage is the adjustability of working voltage. Therefore, the adjustment of working voltage in a reasonable range can guarantee much higher heat-storing and releasing performance. At the same time, the device over come the disadvantages of passive phase change heat storage device which can not improve the contradictions of time, places and intensity between supply and demand.
首先设计了一种室内机械排风余能回收装置。考虑到大多数建筑在采用机械通风的同时也会产生无组织进风现象,没经过任何处理的无组织进风会在冬夏两季,给室内带来额外的冷热负荷。笔者尝试在机械通风装置上加装热电热泵系统对新风进行处理。对样机的实验表明,冬夏两季该装置都同时具有增加室内新风和降低空调能耗的双重功效。输入电压和风量对冬季的制热效率、夏季制冷效率和除湿效率都有影响,冬季的制热效率、夏季制冷效率和除湿效率对应输入电压的函数图形都是二次曲线,值得注意的是夏季制冷效率和除湿效率对应的二次曲线并不耦合。制冷系数和除湿效率的优化就是输入电压取值和风量选择的合理化问题。该装置的特色是在改善室内的空气品质的同时回收利用了室内排风余能,降低了空调的负荷,一举两得。
其次本文还讨论了利用热电热泵对相变材料进行储热和放热的可行性,并对样机的性能进行了测试。实验结果表明,该装置实现了主动蓄热和主动放热,其蓄/放热能力得到了验证。在不同工作电压和不同热源温度时,该装置的蓄/放热时间以及蓄/放热效率有很大差异。在工作电压较高,余热热源温度较高的情况下,该装置蓄热所需时间较短;加大工作电压会导致半导体芯片冷热端温差变大从而降低该装置的制热系数。该装置对比被动式相变蓄热装置最大的优越性在于工作电压的可调性,因此在合理的范围内调整工作电压的大小,可以保证其较高的蓄/放热性能,同时克服了被动式相变蓄热装置在低温余热回收过程中无法改善热能供需双方在时间、地点和强度上不匹配性的缺点。
It is under the circumstance of energy shortages and serious environmental pollution that this paper proposed to recycle and use exhaust energy by utilizing thermoelectric technology, and explored the application way of thermoelectric technology combined with the technology of dehumidification and phase-change heat storage.
First of all an interior mechanical exhaust air waste energy recovery device was designed. Considered that most of buildings generate unorganized air supply when mechanical ventilation are used, and that the unorganized air supply without any treatment would bring in additional cooling and heating load in summer and winter, the device was tried to dispose the fresh air with the thermoelectric heat pump system installed on it. The experiment on model machine shows that, the device has the dual function of increasing the indoor fresh air and reducing air conditioner energy consumption at the same time in summer and winter. The input voltage and air flow have effects on the heating efficiency of winter, the cooling efficiency of summer and the dehumidification efficiency, and the function graphs of the corresponding input voltage are quadratic curves. It should be noted that the corresponding quadratic curves of summer’s cooling efficiency and dehumidification efficiency have not coincidence. COP and optimization of dehumidification efficiency are the problem of rationalization of selecting input voltage and air flow. The unique feature of the device is that it can improve the indoor air quality while recycling and using the indoor exhaust energy, and reduce the air conditioner load.
In addition, this paper discussed the heat-storing and exothermal feasibility of hase- change materials by utilizing thermoelectric heat pump, and tested the performance of model machine. The experiment results show that, the device achieved active thermal storage and release. When the working voltage and the temperature of heat source are different, the time and efficiency of accumulating and releasing heat have many differences. With high working voltage and heat source temperature, the needed time of the device to accumulate heat is much shorter. The increased working voltage can enlarge the temperature difference between the hot and cold side of semiconductor chip, and then reduce the heat coefficient. Compared with the passive phase change heat storage device, the biggest advantage is the adjustability of working voltage. Therefore, the adjustment of working voltage in a reasonable range can guarantee much higher heat-storing and releasing performance. At the same time, the device over come the disadvantages of passive phase change heat storage device which can not improve the contradictions of time, places and intensity between supply and demand.
引文
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[2]何金祥.2007年世界不同发达程度国家能源利用效率的比较.国土资源情报,2008,(10):10-12
[3]朱亚杰,孙兴文.能源世界之窗.北京:清华大学出版社,2001:166-167
[4]钟广学.半导体制冷器极其应用.北京:科学出版社,1989:1-32
[5]徐德胜.半导体制冷与应用技术.第二版.上海:上海交通大学出版社,1998:1-18
[6]张征,曾美琴,司广树.温差发电技术及其在汽车发动机排气余热利用中的应用.能源技术,2004,25(3):120-123
[7]章韶敬.温差电转换及其应用.北京:兵器工业出版社,1996:32-46
[8] Ding ZF.A new solution chemical method to make low dimensional thermoelectric materials. J Alloys Comp, 2003, 350(2):13
[9] Nield AB, Scheider WE, Henneke EG. Application study of submarine thermoelectric refrigeration systems. ASHRAE Transactions, 1965, 71(1): 183-191
[10] A A Aivazov, YI Shtern, BG Budaguan, et al. Thermoelectric Cooling Container for Medical Applications. Thermoelectric Materials-New Directions and Approaches, 1997
[11] Nihal Fatma Güler, Rasit Ahiska.Design and testing of a microprocessor controlled portable thermoelectric medical cooling kit. Applied Thermal Engineering, 2002,(22): 1271–1276
[12] Qinghai Luo, Gangfa Tang, Zhiqiang Liu, et al. A novel water heater integrating thermoelectric heat pump with separating thermosiphon. Applied Thermal Engineering, 2005, (25), 2193-2203
[13]汤广发,罗清海,张郁林等.热电汽车空调装置.中国发明专利ZL02224371.2, 2003-07-04
[14]罗清海,汤广发.热电制冷货车驾驶室空调器的研究.制冷空调与电力机械, 2005,26(2):6-10
[15]罗清海,汤广发,王静伟等.热电热泵干衣机的研制及实验研究.节能技术, 2004,22(4):30-32
[16] Tao Li, Guangfa Tang, Guangcai Gong, et al. Investigation of prototypethermoelectric domestic-ventilator. Applied Thermal Engineering, 2009,(29): 2016-2021
[17]谈欣柏,章毛连.半导体制冷技术及其应用.安徽农业技术师范学院学报. 1996.10(4):34-37
[18] Mei VC, Chen FC, Mathiprakasam B. Comparison of thermoelectric and vapor cycle technologies for groundwater heat pump application. Solar Energy Engineering, 1989,111(11):353-357
[19]张立志.除湿技术.北京:化工工业出版社,2005:1-29
[20]张立志,江亿.膜法空气除湿的研究与进展.暖通空调.1999.29(6):28-32
[21]赵伟杰,张立志.新型除湿技术的研究进展.化工进展.2008.27(11):1710-1711
[22]朱东升.除湿器研究进展.暖通空调.2007.37(4):35-40
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