温室双层充气膜覆盖的研究
|
摘要
在整个农业生产体系中，设施园艺是一项耗能产业。解决温室生产中能源问
题一定要提高温室自身的保温性能。双层充气覆盖是温室中一种简单的保温节能
形式，它具有保温性能良好、操作简便等优点，是以后温室节能保温技术的一个
发展应用方向。
采用实验热箱法，作者自行制作了两个实验热箱，用来测量材料的传热系数。
通过实验，确定出箱内外温差、材料性质、充气厚度、室外风速和天空辐射情况
对材料传热系数的影响，同时比较了双层充气膜和单层膜的保温性能。
为了比较各种材料的保温性能，提出了确定材料传热系数的标准气象条件。
计算在这一条件下双层充气膜与单层膜的传热系数，得到双层充气膜的保温节能
率，并用理论计算法验证了热箱实验的准确性。另外，通过在实际生产温室中做
现场试验，比较两种覆盖下温室的保温性能。
应用两个模型温室测量，比较双层充气膜与单层膜的透光率。并在实际温室
中，测量冷凝与积灰对温室透光性能的影响。
最后，分析比较双层充气膜与单层膜温室的累计总投资，提出双层充气膜温
室的使用局限性。
In total agricultural system, facility horticulture is an energy-costing industry. To
deal with energy problem in product, we should increase the insulation performance of
greenhouse. Double-layer inflated film covering is a simple type of heat preservation in
greenhouse. Its advantage lies in its good insulation performance and simple operation.
It is a direction of covering technique in greenhouse.
According to the measurement principle of the stabilized heated box, two insulated
model heated boxes were built in this thesis. Though experiments, the influence of
temperature difference between inside and outside of box, property of cladding material,
the thickness of air, wind speed and net radiation in night on heat transfer coefficient
was determined. At the same time, I compared the insulation performance of double-
layer inflated film and single-layer film.
In order to compare the insulation performance of different materials, this paper put
forward the standard condition to determine the heat transfer coefficient. The overall
heat-transfer coefficients of double-layer inflated film and single-layer film in standard
condition were calculated. Theoretical calculation validated the experiment with model
boxes. In addition, the insulation performance of double-layer inflated film and single-
layer film greenhouse were compared though measurement in real greenhouses.
Though measurement in model greenhouses, I compared the light in double-layer
inflated film greenhouse and single-layer film greenhouse. Though experiment in real
greenhouses, the connection of solar transmission performance and condensation and
cleanness of material was determined.
Finally, this paper compared the total investment in double-layer inflated film
greenhouse and single-layer film greenhouse and put forward the localization of double-
layer inflated film greenhouse.
题一定要提高温室自身的保温性能。双层充气覆盖是温室中一种简单的保温节能
形式，它具有保温性能良好、操作简便等优点，是以后温室节能保温技术的一个
发展应用方向。
采用实验热箱法，作者自行制作了两个实验热箱，用来测量材料的传热系数。
通过实验，确定出箱内外温差、材料性质、充气厚度、室外风速和天空辐射情况
对材料传热系数的影响，同时比较了双层充气膜和单层膜的保温性能。
为了比较各种材料的保温性能，提出了确定材料传热系数的标准气象条件。
计算在这一条件下双层充气膜与单层膜的传热系数，得到双层充气膜的保温节能
率，并用理论计算法验证了热箱实验的准确性。另外，通过在实际生产温室中做
现场试验，比较两种覆盖下温室的保温性能。
应用两个模型温室测量，比较双层充气膜与单层膜的透光率。并在实际温室
中，测量冷凝与积灰对温室透光性能的影响。
最后，分析比较双层充气膜与单层膜温室的累计总投资，提出双层充气膜温
室的使用局限性。
In total agricultural system, facility horticulture is an energy-costing industry. To
deal with energy problem in product, we should increase the insulation performance of
greenhouse. Double-layer inflated film covering is a simple type of heat preservation in
greenhouse. Its advantage lies in its good insulation performance and simple operation.
It is a direction of covering technique in greenhouse.
According to the measurement principle of the stabilized heated box, two insulated
model heated boxes were built in this thesis. Though experiments, the influence of
temperature difference between inside and outside of box, property of cladding material,
the thickness of air, wind speed and net radiation in night on heat transfer coefficient
was determined. At the same time, I compared the insulation performance of double-
layer inflated film and single-layer film.
In order to compare the insulation performance of different materials, this paper put
forward the standard condition to determine the heat transfer coefficient. The overall
heat-transfer coefficients of double-layer inflated film and single-layer film in standard
condition were calculated. Theoretical calculation validated the experiment with model
boxes. In addition, the insulation performance of double-layer inflated film and single-
layer film greenhouse were compared though measurement in real greenhouses.
Though measurement in model greenhouses, I compared the light in double-layer
inflated film greenhouse and single-layer film greenhouse. Though experiment in real
greenhouses, the connection of solar transmission performance and condensation and
cleanness of material was determined.
Finally, this paper compared the total investment in double-layer inflated film
greenhouse and single-layer film greenhouse and put forward the localization of double-
layer inflated film greenhouse.
引文
1．宋述荛，蔡启运，郑建东．设施园艺的能源开发．中国蔬菜，1991，(5)，49-52
2. G.F. Sheard. Journal of Sci.Fd. Agri. 1975,26,1071-1076
3. Marsh,L.S. et al. Economics of Greenhouses Heating with a Mine Air-Assisted Heat Pump. Trans. of ASAE, 1994,37(6), 1959-1968
4. Robert, Brewer et al. Solar Application in Agriculture. The Franklin Institute Press, 1981
5．马承伟．塑料大棚地下热交换系统的研究．北京农业机械化学院硕士论文，1984
6．高仓直，山川建一．地中热交换设计．农业气象，1981，37(3)
7. Walker et al. Temperature and Humidity in a Greenhouse Ventilated with Coal Mine Air. Trans of ASAE, 1976,19(2),311-317
8. Marsh,L.S.et al. Economics of Greenhouse Heating with a Mine Air-assisted Heat Pump. Trans of ASAE, 1994,37(6),1959-1968
9. Walker, P.N.et al. An Experimental Surface-Heating Greenhouse. Trans of ASAE, 1982,25(4), 1022-1025
10. N.M.Nahar, R.H.Marshall et al. Investigators of Flat Collectors Using Transparent Insulation Materials. International Journal of Solar Energy, 1995,17,117-134
11．林真纪夫．Experimental Studies on Heating Load of Greenhouse．千叶大学学报，1985，35
12．陈端生，郑海山．日光温室气象环境综合研究(一)—墙体、覆盖物热效应研究初报．农业工程学报，1990，6(2)，77-81
13. NINE. 1956."Thermoplus" Brand of Polyethene Film Used for Insulating Glasshouse. Test Report No. 125,National Institute of Agricultural Engineering,Silsoe,England
14. Emmert,Duncan et al. Simulation of Energy Flows in a Greenhouse:Magnitudes and Conservation Potential. Trans. Of ASAE, 1981,24(4), 1014-1018
15. Ted,H.S.A Portable Polystyrene-Pellet Insulation System for Greenhouse. Trans. Of ASAE, 1981,24(5),1291-1295
16. Beiley, B.J. Energy Conservation in Glasshouse Using Thermal Screen in Energy for Industry. Pergamon Press,London, 1979,323-332
17. Beiley, B.J. The Reduction of Thermal Radiation in Glasshouse by Thermal Screens. Journal of Agricultural Engineering Research, 1981,26,215-224
18. Simpkins,J.C.et al. Reducting Heat Losses in Polyethylene Covered Greenhouse. Trans. of ASAE, 1976,19(4),714-719
19. K.V. Garzoli, J.Blackwell. An analysis of the Nocturnal Heat Loss from a Double Skin Plastic Greenhouse. Journal of Agriculture Engineering Research, 1987,36,75-85
20. A.Jaffrin, L.Urban. Optimization of Light Transmission in Modern Greenhouse. Acta Horticulturae, 1990,281,25-33
21. S.Pearson,A.E.Wheldon,P. Hadley. Radiation Transmission and Fluorescence of Nine Green-house Cladding Materials. J.agric. Engng Res, 1995,62,61-70
22. A.Jaffrin,S.Makhlouf. Mechanism of Light Transmission though Wet Polymer Films. Acta Horticulturae, 1990,281,11-24
23．陈青云，原园芳信，吉本真由美．PO 和 PVC 薄膜温室的光温环境及其与薄膜流滴性的关系．农业工程学报，1997,13(1)，130-134
24. Toneatti.P. Anti-fog Film: Fact and Fiction. Plasticulture, 1989,84(4),6-12
25. John.N.Walker, Linus.R.Walton, Effect Condensation on Greenhouse Heat Requirement. Trans. of ASAE, 1971,14,282-284
26. Gabriele Weimann, The Charasteristics of Light Transmissivity, Heat Consumption and Condensation Processes in Different Film Greenhouse. Acta Horticulturae, 1989, 245,133-140
27．林真纪夫．暖冷房荷载算定法(1)．农业园艺，1986，6-17
28．林真纪夫．Experimental Studies on Heating Load of Greenhouse.千叶大学学报，1985，35
29．魏斌．复合墙体表观导热系数与热阻实用计算公式的研究．哈尔滨建筑大学硕士论文，1996
30．杨世铭编．传热学(第二版)．高等教育出版社，1987
31. K.G.T.Holland, K.Iynkaran et al. Manufacture, Solar Transmission, and Heat Transfer Characteristics of Large-Celled Honeycomb Transparent Insulation. Solar energy, 1992,49(5),351-385
32．(日)冈田益己．温室用资材保温力简单比较法．农业气象，1984，40(2)，159-162
33．林真纪夫．Experimental Studies on Heating Load of Greenhouse．千叶大学学报，1985，35
34．邱建军．温室保温覆盖材料传热系数的测定．北京农业大学硕士论文，1995
35．周新群．蜂窝结构材料保温性能及其应用研究．中国农业大学博士论文，1998
36. K.V. Garzoli,J.Blackwell. An analysis of the Nocturnal Heat Loss from a Single Skin Plastic Greenhouse. Journal of Agricultural Engineering Research, 1981,26,203-214
37．周作光，李荣先．温度与流体参数测量基础．清华大学出版社，1986
38．马承伟．塑料大棚地下热交换系统的研究．北京农业机械化学院硕士论文，1984
39．游伯坤，阚家钜，江兆章．温度测量与仪表．科学技术出版社，1990
40．北京农业工程大学编．应用概率统计讲义，1987
41．邓勃编著．分析测试数据的统计处理方法．清华大学出版社，1995
42. Horiguchi,I. The Variation of Heating Load for a Greenhouse and Overall Heattransfer Coefficient though Plastic Film. J.Agr. Met. 1978,33,175-181
43．皆川秀夫，立花一雄．PE、PVC一重被覆热贯流，温室保温性被覆盖．农业气象，1982,38,15-22
44．皆川秀夫，立花一雄．温室保温性被覆盖(2)温室保温比热贯流．农业气象，1982,38,253-259
45. A.M.Silva, A.Miguel,R.Rosa. Thermal Radiation Inside a Single Span Greenhouse with a Thermal Screen. J.agric. Engng Res. 1991,49,285-298
46．北京农业大学主编．蔬菜栽培学(第二版)．农业出版社，1989
47．日本设施园艺协会．设施园艺手册．东京：园艺情报中心，1998，136
48．李克煌主编．气象学和气候学基础简明教程．河南大学出版社，1994
49. J.A.Duffie and W.A.Beckman, Solar Engineering Of Thermal Processes,John Wiley & Sons, New York, 1980
50. P. Berdahl and R Fromberg, The Thermal Radiance of Clear Skies, Solar Energy, 1982,29(4),299-314
51. X.Berger, D.Buriot and F. Garnier, About the Equivalant Radiative Temperature for Clear Skies, Solar Energy, 1984,12(6),725-733
52．刘森元、黄远锋，天空有效温度的探讨，太阳能学报，1983，4(1)，63-68
53. P. Feuilloley, S.Guillaume, G.Issanchou and A.Davenel, Determination of Thermal Transparency of Plastics Material for Covering Greenhouse, Acta Horticulturae,1990, 281
54. P.Feuilloley, G.Issanchou. Greenhouse Covering Materials Measurement and Modelling of Thermal Properties Using the Hot Box Method, and Condensation Effects. J. argic. Engng Res. 1996,65,129-142
55．Okada．保温材料导热系数的测定方法．农业气象，1980，36(3)
56．杨世铭编．传热学(第二版)．高等教育出版社，1987
57. Bailey, B.J. The Reduction of Thermal Radiation in Glasshouse by Thermal Screen. Joural of Agricultural Engineering Research, 1981,26,215-224
58．北京农业工程大学编．数值分析讲义，1987
59．崔引安主编．农业生物环境工程．中国农业出版社，1994
60. A.M.Silva, A.Miguel, R.Rosa. Thermal Radiation Inside a Single Span Greenhouse with a Thermal Screen..J.agric.Engng Res, 1991,49,285-298
61．郑咸义．数值计算方法与FORTRAN语言．电子工业出版社，1986
62. Roberts,W.J.Heating and Ventilating Greenhouse. Biological and Agricultural Engineering Exension Paper, College of Agriculture and Environmental Science, Rutger—the State University, 1969
63. Ted,H.S. A Portable Polystyrene-Pellet Insulation System for Greenhouse. Trans. of ASAE, 1981,24(5), 1291-1295
64. F. Geoola,U.M.Peiper, F. Gelloa, Outdoor Testing of the Characteristics of Plastic Film Covering Materials Using a Model Greenhouse, J.agric. Engng Res. 1994,57,167-172
65．陈青云，原园芳信，吉本真由美．PO和PVC薄膜温室的光温环境及其与薄膜流滴性的关系．农业工程学报，1997,13(1)，130-134
66．鲁纯养主编．农业生物环境原理．中国农业出版社，1994
67. F. Geoola, y. kashti,U.M.Peiper, Model Greenhouse for Testing the Role of Condensation,Dust and Dirt on the Solar Radiation Transmissivity of Greenhouse Cladding Materials,J.agric.Engng Res. 1998,72,339-346
68．崔引安主编．农业生物环境工程．中国农业出版社，1994
69．周长吉．双层充气塑膜温室经济技术评价．农业工程学报，1999，15(1)，159-163
70．日本设施园艺协会．设施园艺手册．东京：园艺情报中心，1998，136
71．牛若峰，何桂庭，朱希刚等著．农业科学技术研究和利用的经济评价．农业出版社，1985
72．何桂庭，刘天福主编．农业技术经济学．农业出版社，1987
73. J.L.Garcia, S.De la Plaza et al. Evaluation of the Feasibility of Alternative Energy Source for Greenhouse. J.agric. Engng Res. 1998,69,107-114
74. S.Li,K.Kurata, T. Takakura. Solar Radiation Enhancement in a Lean-to Greenhouse by Use of Reflection. J.agric. Engng Res. 1998,71,157-165
75. Ido Seginer, Dvora Kantz et al. Transfer Coefficients of Several Polyethylene Greenhouse Covers. J.agric. Engng Res. 1988,39,19-37
76. G.A.Duncan,O.J.Loewer et al. Simulation of Energy Flows in a Greenhouse: Magnitudes and Conservation Potential. Trans. of ASAE, 1981,24(5), 1014-1021
77. I.Horiguchi. Relationship Between the Properties of Covered Materials and the Humidity(fog formation) in the Plastic Greenhouses. Acta Horticulturae, 1990, 281
78. D.H.Willits, P. Chandra, M.M.Peet. Modelling Solar Energy Storage Systems for Greenhouses. J.agric. Engng Res. 1985,32,73-93
79. Th. Boulard, A.Baille et al. Water Vapour Transfers and Dehumidification in a Inflatable Plastic Greenhouse. Acta Horticulturae, 1989,245,462-468
80. J.G.Pieters,J.M.J.J.Deltour et al. Onset of Condensation on Inner and Outer Surface of Greenhouse Covers during Night. J.agric. Engng Res. 1995,61,165-171
81. D. L.Critten. A General Analysis of Light Transmission in Greenhouses. J.agric. En-gng Res. 1986,33,289-302
82. M.G.Amsen. Thermal Screens in Greenhouses:Diurnal Variations in Heat Consumption. J.agric. Engng Res. 1986,33,79-82
83. John N.Walker and Linus R. Walton. Effect of Condensation on Greenhouse Heat Requirment. Trans. of ASAE, 1971,282-284
84. P. Chandra. Thermal Radiation Exchange in a Greenhouse with a Transmitting Cover. J.agric. Engng Res. 1982,27,261-265
85．王兴安，胡立刚，卢玫．上海地区晴夜天空温度的测定．太阳能学报，1988，9(4)，391-395
2. G.F. Sheard. Journal of Sci.Fd. Agri. 1975,26,1071-1076
3. Marsh,L.S. et al. Economics of Greenhouses Heating with a Mine Air-Assisted Heat Pump. Trans. of ASAE, 1994,37(6), 1959-1968
4. Robert, Brewer et al. Solar Application in Agriculture. The Franklin Institute Press, 1981
5．马承伟．塑料大棚地下热交换系统的研究．北京农业机械化学院硕士论文，1984
6．高仓直，山川建一．地中热交换设计．农业气象，1981，37(3)
7. Walker et al. Temperature and Humidity in a Greenhouse Ventilated with Coal Mine Air. Trans of ASAE, 1976,19(2),311-317
8. Marsh,L.S.et al. Economics of Greenhouse Heating with a Mine Air-assisted Heat Pump. Trans of ASAE, 1994,37(6),1959-1968
9. Walker, P.N.et al. An Experimental Surface-Heating Greenhouse. Trans of ASAE, 1982,25(4), 1022-1025
10. N.M.Nahar, R.H.Marshall et al. Investigators of Flat Collectors Using Transparent Insulation Materials. International Journal of Solar Energy, 1995,17,117-134
11．林真纪夫．Experimental Studies on Heating Load of Greenhouse．千叶大学学报，1985，35
12．陈端生，郑海山．日光温室气象环境综合研究(一)—墙体、覆盖物热效应研究初报．农业工程学报，1990，6(2)，77-81
13. NINE. 1956."Thermoplus" Brand of Polyethene Film Used for Insulating Glasshouse. Test Report No. 125,National Institute of Agricultural Engineering,Silsoe,England
14. Emmert,Duncan et al. Simulation of Energy Flows in a Greenhouse:Magnitudes and Conservation Potential. Trans. Of ASAE, 1981,24(4), 1014-1018
15. Ted,H.S.A Portable Polystyrene-Pellet Insulation System for Greenhouse. Trans. Of ASAE, 1981,24(5),1291-1295
16. Beiley, B.J. Energy Conservation in Glasshouse Using Thermal Screen in Energy for Industry. Pergamon Press,London, 1979,323-332
17. Beiley, B.J. The Reduction of Thermal Radiation in Glasshouse by Thermal Screens. Journal of Agricultural Engineering Research, 1981,26,215-224
18. Simpkins,J.C.et al. Reducting Heat Losses in Polyethylene Covered Greenhouse. Trans. of ASAE, 1976,19(4),714-719
19. K.V. Garzoli, J.Blackwell. An analysis of the Nocturnal Heat Loss from a Double Skin Plastic Greenhouse. Journal of Agriculture Engineering Research, 1987,36,75-85
20. A.Jaffrin, L.Urban. Optimization of Light Transmission in Modern Greenhouse. Acta Horticulturae, 1990,281,25-33
21. S.Pearson,A.E.Wheldon,P. Hadley. Radiation Transmission and Fluorescence of Nine Green-house Cladding Materials. J.agric. Engng Res, 1995,62,61-70
22. A.Jaffrin,S.Makhlouf. Mechanism of Light Transmission though Wet Polymer Films. Acta Horticulturae, 1990,281,11-24
23．陈青云，原园芳信，吉本真由美．PO 和 PVC 薄膜温室的光温环境及其与薄膜流滴性的关系．农业工程学报，1997,13(1)，130-134
24. Toneatti.P. Anti-fog Film: Fact and Fiction. Plasticulture, 1989,84(4),6-12
25. John.N.Walker, Linus.R.Walton, Effect Condensation on Greenhouse Heat Requirement. Trans. of ASAE, 1971,14,282-284
26. Gabriele Weimann, The Charasteristics of Light Transmissivity, Heat Consumption and Condensation Processes in Different Film Greenhouse. Acta Horticulturae, 1989, 245,133-140
27．林真纪夫．暖冷房荷载算定法(1)．农业园艺，1986，6-17
28．林真纪夫．Experimental Studies on Heating Load of Greenhouse.千叶大学学报，1985，35
29．魏斌．复合墙体表观导热系数与热阻实用计算公式的研究．哈尔滨建筑大学硕士论文，1996
30．杨世铭编．传热学(第二版)．高等教育出版社，1987
31. K.G.T.Holland, K.Iynkaran et al. Manufacture, Solar Transmission, and Heat Transfer Characteristics of Large-Celled Honeycomb Transparent Insulation. Solar energy, 1992,49(5),351-385
32．(日)冈田益己．温室用资材保温力简单比较法．农业气象，1984，40(2)，159-162
33．林真纪夫．Experimental Studies on Heating Load of Greenhouse．千叶大学学报，1985，35
34．邱建军．温室保温覆盖材料传热系数的测定．北京农业大学硕士论文，1995
35．周新群．蜂窝结构材料保温性能及其应用研究．中国农业大学博士论文，1998
36. K.V. Garzoli,J.Blackwell. An analysis of the Nocturnal Heat Loss from a Single Skin Plastic Greenhouse. Journal of Agricultural Engineering Research, 1981,26,203-214
37．周作光，李荣先．温度与流体参数测量基础．清华大学出版社，1986
38．马承伟．塑料大棚地下热交换系统的研究．北京农业机械化学院硕士论文，1984
39．游伯坤，阚家钜，江兆章．温度测量与仪表．科学技术出版社，1990
40．北京农业工程大学编．应用概率统计讲义，1987
41．邓勃编著．分析测试数据的统计处理方法．清华大学出版社，1995
42. Horiguchi,I. The Variation of Heating Load for a Greenhouse and Overall Heattransfer Coefficient though Plastic Film. J.Agr. Met. 1978,33,175-181
43．皆川秀夫，立花一雄．PE、PVC一重被覆热贯流，温室保温性被覆盖．农业气象，1982,38,15-22
44．皆川秀夫，立花一雄．温室保温性被覆盖(2)温室保温比热贯流．农业气象，1982,38,253-259
45. A.M.Silva, A.Miguel,R.Rosa. Thermal Radiation Inside a Single Span Greenhouse with a Thermal Screen. J.agric. Engng Res. 1991,49,285-298
46．北京农业大学主编．蔬菜栽培学(第二版)．农业出版社，1989
47．日本设施园艺协会．设施园艺手册．东京：园艺情报中心，1998，136
48．李克煌主编．气象学和气候学基础简明教程．河南大学出版社，1994
49. J.A.Duffie and W.A.Beckman, Solar Engineering Of Thermal Processes,John Wiley & Sons, New York, 1980
50. P. Berdahl and R Fromberg, The Thermal Radiance of Clear Skies, Solar Energy, 1982,29(4),299-314
51. X.Berger, D.Buriot and F. Garnier, About the Equivalant Radiative Temperature for Clear Skies, Solar Energy, 1984,12(6),725-733
52．刘森元、黄远锋，天空有效温度的探讨，太阳能学报，1983，4(1)，63-68
53. P. Feuilloley, S.Guillaume, G.Issanchou and A.Davenel, Determination of Thermal Transparency of Plastics Material for Covering Greenhouse, Acta Horticulturae,1990, 281
54. P.Feuilloley, G.Issanchou. Greenhouse Covering Materials Measurement and Modelling of Thermal Properties Using the Hot Box Method, and Condensation Effects. J. argic. Engng Res. 1996,65,129-142
55．Okada．保温材料导热系数的测定方法．农业气象，1980，36(3)
56．杨世铭编．传热学(第二版)．高等教育出版社，1987
57. Bailey, B.J. The Reduction of Thermal Radiation in Glasshouse by Thermal Screen. Joural of Agricultural Engineering Research, 1981,26,215-224
58．北京农业工程大学编．数值分析讲义，1987
59．崔引安主编．农业生物环境工程．中国农业出版社，1994
60. A.M.Silva, A.Miguel, R.Rosa. Thermal Radiation Inside a Single Span Greenhouse with a Thermal Screen..J.agric.Engng Res, 1991,49,285-298
61．郑咸义．数值计算方法与FORTRAN语言．电子工业出版社，1986
62. Roberts,W.J.Heating and Ventilating Greenhouse. Biological and Agricultural Engineering Exension Paper, College of Agriculture and Environmental Science, Rutger—the State University, 1969
63. Ted,H.S. A Portable Polystyrene-Pellet Insulation System for Greenhouse. Trans. of ASAE, 1981,24(5), 1291-1295
64. F. Geoola,U.M.Peiper, F. Gelloa, Outdoor Testing of the Characteristics of Plastic Film Covering Materials Using a Model Greenhouse, J.agric. Engng Res. 1994,57,167-172
65．陈青云，原园芳信，吉本真由美．PO和PVC薄膜温室的光温环境及其与薄膜流滴性的关系．农业工程学报，1997,13(1)，130-134
66．鲁纯养主编．农业生物环境原理．中国农业出版社，1994
67. F. Geoola, y. kashti,U.M.Peiper, Model Greenhouse for Testing the Role of Condensation,Dust and Dirt on the Solar Radiation Transmissivity of Greenhouse Cladding Materials,J.agric.Engng Res. 1998,72,339-346
68．崔引安主编．农业生物环境工程．中国农业出版社，1994
69．周长吉．双层充气塑膜温室经济技术评价．农业工程学报，1999，15(1)，159-163
70．日本设施园艺协会．设施园艺手册．东京：园艺情报中心，1998，136
71．牛若峰，何桂庭，朱希刚等著．农业科学技术研究和利用的经济评价．农业出版社，1985
72．何桂庭，刘天福主编．农业技术经济学．农业出版社，1987
73. J.L.Garcia, S.De la Plaza et al. Evaluation of the Feasibility of Alternative Energy Source for Greenhouse. J.agric. Engng Res. 1998,69,107-114
74. S.Li,K.Kurata, T. Takakura. Solar Radiation Enhancement in a Lean-to Greenhouse by Use of Reflection. J.agric. Engng Res. 1998,71,157-165
75. Ido Seginer, Dvora Kantz et al. Transfer Coefficients of Several Polyethylene Greenhouse Covers. J.agric. Engng Res. 1988,39,19-37
76. G.A.Duncan,O.J.Loewer et al. Simulation of Energy Flows in a Greenhouse: Magnitudes and Conservation Potential. Trans. of ASAE, 1981,24(5), 1014-1021
77. I.Horiguchi. Relationship Between the Properties of Covered Materials and the Humidity(fog formation) in the Plastic Greenhouses. Acta Horticulturae, 1990, 281
78. D.H.Willits, P. Chandra, M.M.Peet. Modelling Solar Energy Storage Systems for Greenhouses. J.agric. Engng Res. 1985,32,73-93
79. Th. Boulard, A.Baille et al. Water Vapour Transfers and Dehumidification in a Inflatable Plastic Greenhouse. Acta Horticulturae, 1989,245,462-468
80. J.G.Pieters,J.M.J.J.Deltour et al. Onset of Condensation on Inner and Outer Surface of Greenhouse Covers during Night. J.agric. Engng Res. 1995,61,165-171
81. D. L.Critten. A General Analysis of Light Transmission in Greenhouses. J.agric. En-gng Res. 1986,33,289-302
82. M.G.Amsen. Thermal Screens in Greenhouses:Diurnal Variations in Heat Consumption. J.agric. Engng Res. 1986,33,79-82
83. John N.Walker and Linus R. Walton. Effect of Condensation on Greenhouse Heat Requirment. Trans. of ASAE, 1971,282-284
84. P. Chandra. Thermal Radiation Exchange in a Greenhouse with a Transmitting Cover. J.agric. Engng Res. 1982,27,261-265
85．王兴安，胡立刚，卢玫．上海地区晴夜天空温度的测定．太阳能学报，1988，9(4)，391-395