智能低功耗供热检测系统的研究
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摘要
长期以来,我国北方大部分地区居民冬季采暖用热一直按住宅面积收费,导致用户节能意识较差,造成资源的大量浪费。随着国家一系列节能措施的实施,按实际用热量计费的方式势在必行。由于国外热量表价格昂贵,而我国对热量表的需求量较大,因此研制开发低成本、高性能的热量表是一项急待解决的问题。本文针对这一情况,分析了市面上存在的多种热量表,比较各自的优缺点,设计了一种新型的具有温度控制功能的低功耗的热量表,并将无线通信应用到此系统中,构建了一个热测量系统。
在老师的指导和同学的协作下,我通过一年多的努力完成了智能低功耗热量表的开发与设计任务。其中包括温度测量电路、流量测量电路、温控电路、无线收发电路及主控电路设计与制作。
此外,我还添加了室温控制单元,使该系统具有调节室温的功能。在数据采集方面,我针对有线传输技术结构复杂、布线成本高、线路维护繁琐等缺点,改用无线传输技术。
在选择无线传输方式时,我考虑到GPRS费用高,红外方向性强,蓝牙传输距离近等不足之处,最终以低功耗的MSP430F149单片机和CC1000无线射频芯片为核心自行开发了无线数据采集系统,并达到了设计要求。
热量表是推行按热量收费的关键设备,它作为用户实际耗用热量及热力公司收费的依据,它将使得热计量更加科学、合理,既方便了用户,又便于供热部门的监控管理,同时也加强了用户的节能意识。
For a long time, the charge for heat in the most northern region depended on residence area in our country in winter, resulting in user's poor energy-saving consciousness and a waste of resources. With the implementation of a series of state energy-saving measures, the charge for heat according to actual quantity is necessary. The Imports Calorimeter is so expensive and the demand of calorimeter in our country is so great that developing a low-cost and match international standards calorimeter is a pressing problem. To this situation, this paper based on the principle of heat measurement, analyze a variety of calorimeter on market and compare their advantage and disadvantage, then design a kind of low-loss thermal measurement system which newly has a temperature control function and a wireless data transmission function.
In the guidance of teachers and with the help of students, I completed the low-power intelligent Calorimeter design and development task after more than one year efforts. This system is mainly consists of temperature measurement circuit, flow measurement circuit, room temperature controlling circuit, wireless transmitting circuit and singlechip control circuit.
In addition, I also added a temperature control unit and made this system has a function of regulating room temperature. In the data collection, because of the cable technology's shortcomings such as the complex structures, the high cost and the tedious maintenance, we decided to use wireless technology.
In the choice of wireless transmission modes, I take into account the high cost of GPRS, infrared transmission's strong directional and short distance of Bluetooth. Final, based on the low-cost MSP430F149 singlechip and low-loss RF chip CC1000, developed the wireless data collection system, and it reached the design requirements.
The calorimeter is a crucial equipment to boost the charge according to heat. It measures and charges on the basis of the users consumption of heat actually which had been widely accepted. The heat and cost are associated so the user's energy-saving awareness are enhanced. The administration adopt calorimeter to measure heat that not only facilitates the users, but easy to manage.
在老师的指导和同学的协作下,我通过一年多的努力完成了智能低功耗热量表的开发与设计任务。其中包括温度测量电路、流量测量电路、温控电路、无线收发电路及主控电路设计与制作。
此外,我还添加了室温控制单元,使该系统具有调节室温的功能。在数据采集方面,我针对有线传输技术结构复杂、布线成本高、线路维护繁琐等缺点,改用无线传输技术。
在选择无线传输方式时,我考虑到GPRS费用高,红外方向性强,蓝牙传输距离近等不足之处,最终以低功耗的MSP430F149单片机和CC1000无线射频芯片为核心自行开发了无线数据采集系统,并达到了设计要求。
热量表是推行按热量收费的关键设备,它作为用户实际耗用热量及热力公司收费的依据,它将使得热计量更加科学、合理,既方便了用户,又便于供热部门的监控管理,同时也加强了用户的节能意识。
For a long time, the charge for heat in the most northern region depended on residence area in our country in winter, resulting in user's poor energy-saving consciousness and a waste of resources. With the implementation of a series of state energy-saving measures, the charge for heat according to actual quantity is necessary. The Imports Calorimeter is so expensive and the demand of calorimeter in our country is so great that developing a low-cost and match international standards calorimeter is a pressing problem. To this situation, this paper based on the principle of heat measurement, analyze a variety of calorimeter on market and compare their advantage and disadvantage, then design a kind of low-loss thermal measurement system which newly has a temperature control function and a wireless data transmission function.
In the guidance of teachers and with the help of students, I completed the low-power intelligent Calorimeter design and development task after more than one year efforts. This system is mainly consists of temperature measurement circuit, flow measurement circuit, room temperature controlling circuit, wireless transmitting circuit and singlechip control circuit.
In addition, I also added a temperature control unit and made this system has a function of regulating room temperature. In the data collection, because of the cable technology's shortcomings such as the complex structures, the high cost and the tedious maintenance, we decided to use wireless technology.
In the choice of wireless transmission modes, I take into account the high cost of GPRS, infrared transmission's strong directional and short distance of Bluetooth. Final, based on the low-cost MSP430F149 singlechip and low-loss RF chip CC1000, developed the wireless data collection system, and it reached the design requirements.
The calorimeter is a crucial equipment to boost the charge according to heat. It measures and charges on the basis of the users consumption of heat actually which had been widely accepted. The heat and cost are associated so the user's energy-saving awareness are enhanced. The administration adopt calorimeter to measure heat that not only facilitates the users, but easy to manage.
引文
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[2]段新峰 浅谈热量计在中国的应用[J].相械设计与制造.2004.8
[3]John D,Cowan.Steren.Schiler.Measuring Energy Saving for Modernization Projects.ASHRE Journal,1997.8
[4]欧洲热量表标准.EN 1434-1 Heat Meters.1995.12
[5]马家滋.关于户用热量表研制与开发的思考[J].节能.2000.6
[6]李芳.热能表热量计算方法的研究[J].中国计量科学研究院,2005.1:49-50
[7]傅秦生.能量系统的热力学分析方法[D].西安:西安交通大学出版社,2005.7
[8]金志军,邱萍.热量表计量中热交换系数的分析与确定.现代计算测试.2001(2):52
[9]沈建华,杨艳琴,翟骁曙.MSP430系列16位超低功耗单片机原理与应用[M].北京:清华大学出版社,2004.11
[10]魏小龙.MSP430系列单片机接口与系统设计实例.北京:北京航空航天大学出版社.2001
[11]Texas Instruments Incorporated,Msp430x13x Family User's Guide.http://www.msp430.com.2003
[12]Two-wire Serial EEPROM AT24C512B datasheet,http://www.atmel.com.Rev.11160-SEEPR-1/07
[13]罗剑.低成本交直流两用后备电源的设计[J].工业控制技术,2006.12
[14]LM317 Data Sheet.http://www.ti.com,2001
[15]钱建立,周晓军.智能快速充电器设计与制作[M].北京:科学出版社,2001
[16]Simple Current-Limited Switch-Mode Li+ Charger Controller MAX1873.http://www.Maxim.com
[17]周建荣,王定飞,郑家移等.基于MAX1873锂电充电控制器的双电源供电系统设计[J].制造与设计[J].2005
[18]Sipex,SPX 1117,800mA low dropout voltage regulator,2004.8
[19]KEC.《KIA7806.PDF》.http://www.kec.com.
[20]Texas Instruments.Single Chip Very Low Power RF Transceiver CC1000.http://www.Ti.com
[21]刘迎春.传感器原理设计与应用[M].哈尔滨:哈尔滨工业大学出版社,2004
[22]DS18820单点数字温度计.http://www.qfmcu.com,http://www.mcubbs.com,2007
[23]张成刚.智能户用热量表的研制与开发[D).山东大学硕士学位论文,2002.12
[24]蔡武昌,孙淮清,纪纲.流量测量方法和仪表的选用[M].北京:化学工业出版社,2001
[25]Texas Instruments.《CD4051.pdf》.http://www.ti.com,2000.3
[26]Texas Instruments.《L293.pdf》.http://www.ti.com
[27]张亚林,胡生清.一种主从式数据通信系统的设计[J].自动化与仪表,1997.12
[28]40MHz to 1GHz AMPLIFIER TSH690.http://www.st..com.1999.9
[29]NEC.L-BAND SPDT SWITCH Upg154TB Data Sheet.http://www.nec.com,1999
[30]Maxim.Low-power,low-rate-limited RS485/RS232 Transceivers.1996.2
[31]夏路易,石宗义.电路原理图与电路板设计教程Protell 99SE[M].北京:北京希望电子出版社。2002,6
[32]谭浩强.C程序设计(第二版).北京:清华大学出版社,2001,12
[33]张晞,王德银,张晨.MSP430系列单片机实用C语言程序设计[M].北京:人民邮电出版社.2005.8
[34]郭银景,吕文红,唐富华等.电磁兼容原理及应用教程[M].北京:清华大学出版社
[35]邵贝贝.微控制器(单片机)抗干扰能力与电磁兼容性.电子技术[J],1996(11):39-42
[36]陈亿善.单片机软件抗干扰探讨[J].电子技术,1999(1):44-46