朝阳沟油田二类区块蒸汽驱效果影响因素研究
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摘要
本文在充分搜集朝阳沟油田蒸汽驱油试验区井点地质信息的基础上,结合沉积相数字化成果,应用Petrel三维地质建模软件建立了模拟区的三维构造模型以及孔隙度、渗透率、含油饱和度、净毛比模型。应用CMG数值模拟软件中的STARS模块对所建地质模型分别进行水驱、蒸汽驱阶段历史拟合,拟合的开发指标包括地质储量、综合含水率、单井含水率、采出程度、压力等。在满足历史拟合精度要求的基础上,针对连续汽驱、常规水驱两种驱替方式,进行不同渗透率、原油粘度、净总厚度比、注汽强度、井距、井排与裂缝方向的开发指标预测,根据数值模拟结果对比分析各方案对蒸汽驱开发效果的影响规律,评价蒸汽驱开发效果。结合国内外低渗透轻质油藏蒸汽驱油的经验,主要从采出程度提高值、净增油汽比等方面与常规水驱进行比较,筛选出适合蒸汽驱的油藏参数(渗透率、原油粘度、净总厚度比);在此基础上,为确保蒸汽驱达到油藏条件应达到的汽驱采收率,对操作条件进行合理优化;对低渗透裂缝性油藏蒸汽驱井排方向与裂缝方位进行合理部署。数值模拟研究结果表明:蒸汽驱是水驱油藏的有效补充,低渗透油藏进行蒸汽驱,通过增加可采储量,降低残余油饱和度,提高了油田采收率,取得了较好的开发效果。给出朝阳沟油田二类区块水驱后适宜转注蒸汽驱开发的油藏参数界限,应用该油藏条件可对水驱后油藏能否转注蒸汽开发作粗筛选;结合经济评价优选注汽强度,确定合理井距、井排与裂缝方向等,为朝阳沟二类区块及同类低渗透油田转注蒸汽驱开发提供一套科学、全面的筛选标准,从而为蒸汽驱油在低渗透轻质油田的规模性应用奠定理论基础。
Based upon the wells’geologic informations sufficiently collected in steam-flood experimental area of Chao Yanggou oil field and combined with the digitized precipitation facies, the structural model and property model with porosity, permeability, oil saturation and effective thickness is established by using the three-dimensional geological modeling software of Petrel in this thesis. The module of STARS in the numerical simulation software of CMG is applied to match the development index in the period of water flooding and steam flooding, including the geological reserves, composite water cut, individual well water cut, degree of reserve recovery, pressure and so on. On the basis of meeting the accurate history matching, the reservoir parameters of successive steam flooding and water flooding with permeability, oil viscosity, net/gross ratio and the operation conditions with injection steam intensity, well spacing, and fracture orientation for low permeability fracture reservoir are studied, the influence laws on successive steam flooding are contrasted and analysized and production results are evaluated according to numerical simulation results. Combined with low permeability light oil reservoirs steam flooding experiences home and abroad, make a comparison between steam flooding and water flooding mainly from recovery percent increment value and increasing production gas oil ratio, screen reservoir parameters such as permeability, oil viscosity, net/gross ratio for steam flooding. Based on this, to ensure good steam flooding development effect, optimize operation conditions; Optimize to the deploying of well and fracture orientation. The numerical simulation results indicate that steam flooding is an effective complement to water flooding, through increasing recoverable reserves, low permeability reservoir steam flooding can reduce residual oil saturation, enhance oil recovery, and the results can be very effective. The reservoir parameters limits for water flooding being converted to steam flooding in second type of blocks of Chao Yanggou oil field are given, which can be used for coarse filtration suitable for steam flooding reservoir; By making use of economic evaluation, injection steam intensity is optimized, and rational spacing between wells and fractuer direction are fixed, which provides a set of scientific and comprehensive selection criteria for steam flooding after water flooding in second type of blocks of Chao Yanggou oil field and the homogeneous oil field, and lays the theory foundation for the scale use of steam flooding in low permeability light oil field.
Based upon the wells’geologic informations sufficiently collected in steam-flood experimental area of Chao Yanggou oil field and combined with the digitized precipitation facies, the structural model and property model with porosity, permeability, oil saturation and effective thickness is established by using the three-dimensional geological modeling software of Petrel in this thesis. The module of STARS in the numerical simulation software of CMG is applied to match the development index in the period of water flooding and steam flooding, including the geological reserves, composite water cut, individual well water cut, degree of reserve recovery, pressure and so on. On the basis of meeting the accurate history matching, the reservoir parameters of successive steam flooding and water flooding with permeability, oil viscosity, net/gross ratio and the operation conditions with injection steam intensity, well spacing, and fracture orientation for low permeability fracture reservoir are studied, the influence laws on successive steam flooding are contrasted and analysized and production results are evaluated according to numerical simulation results. Combined with low permeability light oil reservoirs steam flooding experiences home and abroad, make a comparison between steam flooding and water flooding mainly from recovery percent increment value and increasing production gas oil ratio, screen reservoir parameters such as permeability, oil viscosity, net/gross ratio for steam flooding. Based on this, to ensure good steam flooding development effect, optimize operation conditions; Optimize to the deploying of well and fracture orientation. The numerical simulation results indicate that steam flooding is an effective complement to water flooding, through increasing recoverable reserves, low permeability reservoir steam flooding can reduce residual oil saturation, enhance oil recovery, and the results can be very effective. The reservoir parameters limits for water flooding being converted to steam flooding in second type of blocks of Chao Yanggou oil field are given, which can be used for coarse filtration suitable for steam flooding reservoir; By making use of economic evaluation, injection steam intensity is optimized, and rational spacing between wells and fractuer direction are fixed, which provides a set of scientific and comprehensive selection criteria for steam flooding after water flooding in second type of blocks of Chao Yanggou oil field and the homogeneous oil field, and lays the theory foundation for the scale use of steam flooding in low permeability light oil field.
引文
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[10] Ben W.,Bao Y.X.,Zhi L.G.,et al. The Chao Yanggou oil field thermal recovery feasibility research [J]. Petroleum Geology and Oilfield Development in Daqing,2001,2:75-77.
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[16]侯君,程林松,房宝才,等.稀油油藏蒸汽驱可行性研究―以大庆葡北油田三断块为例[C].中国力学学会学术大会,2005,12-47.
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[21]张弦,刘永健,金美娟,等.低渗透轻质油油藏热采室内模拟实验研究[J].特种油气藏,2007,14(5):80.
[22]张义堂,计秉玉,廖广志,等.稀油油藏注蒸汽热采提高开采效果[J].石油勘探与开发,2004,31(2):112-114.
[23]李道品.低渗透砂岩油田开发[M].北京:石油工业出版社,1997,243-247.
[24]宋付权.热采数值模拟技术的最新进展[J].国外油田工程,2002,(3):1-3.
[25]宋考平.油藏数值模拟理论基础[M].北京:石油工业出版社,1996,128-170.
[26]邵进忠,金东明.朝阳沟油田开发论文集[C].北京:石油工业出版社,2001,34-38.
[27]孙黎娟,吴凡,赵卫华,等.油藏启动压力的规律研究与应用[J].断块油气田,1998,5(5):30-33.
[28] Charles W.,Spencer. Review of characteristics of low permeability gas reservoirs in western united states [J].AAPG Bulletin,1989,73(5),1306.
[29]葛家理.油气层渗流力学[M].北京:石油工业出版社,1982,25-27.
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