稠油油藏蒸汽-CO_2复合驱模拟实验研究
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摘要
稠油是一种非常规石油资源,稠油的开发对于缓解我国的能源供应紧张意义重大。蒸汽-CO_2复合驱方法开采稠油,不仅可以提高稠油的采收率,而且可以实现CO_2气体的减排,对减缓全球气候变暖、保护环境具有重要意义。采用自制的PVT装置,研究了CO_2在稠油以及稠油-水体系中的溶解特性,分析了其影响因素。采用高温高压落球粘度计,对稠油、稠油-水体系、稠油-CO_2体系以及稠油-水-CO_2体系的粘度进行了测量,研究了温度、压力、溶解气油比以及含水率对体系粘度的影响。建立了系列一维填砂模型,利用稠油渗流机理研究装置,开展了稠油油藏蒸汽驱、蒸汽-CO_2复合驱以及蒸汽-N2复合驱模拟实验研究,研究了蒸汽注入温度、注入速度、CO_2注入时机、CO_2注入量等因素对稠油采收率的影响,对注入参数进行了优化,并对蒸汽-CO_2复合驱增产机理进行了分析。实验结果表明,稠油及稠油-水的体系泡点压力随温度升高而升高,含水率越高,泡点压力越高。CO_2在稠油、稠油-水体系中的溶解气油比比在稀油中的溶解气油比小,它随温度升高而降低,随饱和压力升高而升高,随含水率升高而降低。稠油、稠油-水体系溶解CO_2后粘度大幅度下降,降幅可达99%。稠油油藏蒸汽驱能提高水驱采收率,降低水驱含水率,并且蒸汽注入速度越大,注入温度越高,采出液含水率越低,采收率越好。相比蒸汽驱,蒸汽-CO_2复合驱可以降低含水率30%,提高采收率30%。CO_2溶解对稠油-水体系有一定的破乳作用,能有效降低稠油粘度,提高蒸汽利用率,增大波及体积,提高采收率。
Heavy oil is an unconventional resources, which is of great significance to relieve the tension supply of energy. Steam-CO_2 combination flooding can not only enhance oil recovery, but also reduce the emission of CO_2, which is dramatically meaningful to global warming and environmental protection. The solution properties of CO_2 in heavy oil and heavy oil-water system was investigated, and the factors that influence the solution was analysed by self-made device. The viscosity of heavy oil, heavy oil-water system, heavy oil-CO_2 system and heavy oil-water-CO_2 system were measured by high pressure and high temperature falling sphere viscometer, and the influencing factors such as temperature, pressure, solubility and water ratio were also studied. A series of simulated experiments include steam flooding, steam-CO_2 combination flooding and steam-N2 combination flooding were studied by a lot of sand pack models and the flowing mechanisms apparatus of heavy oil. In addition, the injection parameters which impact oil recovery such as injection temperature, injection rate, CO_2 injection time, CO_2 injection rates was optimized. Stimulation mechanism of steam-CO_2 combination flooding is analysed as well.
Experimental results show that the bubble-point pressure of heavy oil and heavy oil-water systems increase with temperature rise and water ratio decline. Solubility of CO_2 in heavy oil and heavy oil-water systems is smaller than that in thin oil, and reduces with temperature rise, water ratio rise and saturation pressure decline. The viscosity of heavy oil and heavy oil-water system decreases up to 99% dissolved by CO_2. Steam flooding can enhance water flooding recovery and reduce water ratio for heavy oil reservoir. As the increasing of injection rate and injection temperature, water ratio of produced fluid decreases and recovery increases. Compared with steam flooding, recovery of steam-CO_2 combination flooding improves up to 30%, and water ratio of produced fluid decreases up to 30%. Solution of CO_2 had demulsification of heavy oil-water systems, reduces viscosity of heavy oil effectively, improves utilization of steam, increases swept volume and enhances oil recovery.
Heavy oil is an unconventional resources, which is of great significance to relieve the tension supply of energy. Steam-CO_2 combination flooding can not only enhance oil recovery, but also reduce the emission of CO_2, which is dramatically meaningful to global warming and environmental protection. The solution properties of CO_2 in heavy oil and heavy oil-water system was investigated, and the factors that influence the solution was analysed by self-made device. The viscosity of heavy oil, heavy oil-water system, heavy oil-CO_2 system and heavy oil-water-CO_2 system were measured by high pressure and high temperature falling sphere viscometer, and the influencing factors such as temperature, pressure, solubility and water ratio were also studied. A series of simulated experiments include steam flooding, steam-CO_2 combination flooding and steam-N2 combination flooding were studied by a lot of sand pack models and the flowing mechanisms apparatus of heavy oil. In addition, the injection parameters which impact oil recovery such as injection temperature, injection rate, CO_2 injection time, CO_2 injection rates was optimized. Stimulation mechanism of steam-CO_2 combination flooding is analysed as well.
Experimental results show that the bubble-point pressure of heavy oil and heavy oil-water systems increase with temperature rise and water ratio decline. Solubility of CO_2 in heavy oil and heavy oil-water systems is smaller than that in thin oil, and reduces with temperature rise, water ratio rise and saturation pressure decline. The viscosity of heavy oil and heavy oil-water system decreases up to 99% dissolved by CO_2. Steam flooding can enhance water flooding recovery and reduce water ratio for heavy oil reservoir. As the increasing of injection rate and injection temperature, water ratio of produced fluid decreases and recovery increases. Compared with steam flooding, recovery of steam-CO_2 combination flooding improves up to 30%, and water ratio of produced fluid decreases up to 30%. Solution of CO_2 had demulsification of heavy oil-water systems, reduces viscosity of heavy oil effectively, improves utilization of steam, increases swept volume and enhances oil recovery.
引文
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[21]张小波.蒸汽-二氧化碳-助剂吞吐开采技术研究[J].石油学报,2006,27(2):51-54.
[22]欧阳传湘,闫利恒,姚梦多,等.超稠油三元复合吞吐物理模拟实验研究[J].新疆石油天然气,2007,3(4):40-43.
[23]欧阳传湘,闫利恒,岳雷.辽河油田超稠油三元复合吞吐影响因素研究[J].断块油气田,2008,15(2):78-80.
[24]檀德库.用于蒸汽驱油藏的高温产CO_2气复合驱油剂[J].油田化学,2008,25(3):272-276.
[25]蒲丽萍、张国红、骆向杰.浅层超稠油注蒸汽加注CO_2单井吞吐试验数模研究[J].新疆石油科技,2008,2(18):20-22.
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[29]李兆敏,陶磊,张凯,等.CO_2在超稠油中的溶解特性实验[J].中国石油大学学报,2008,32(5):92-96.
[30]李辉,李伟忠,周瑞松,等.王庄油田郑411块特超稠油开采机理与评价方法[J].石油地质与工程,2009,23(2):64-69.
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