寒冷地区相变储能房间热集成技术与热设计方法研究
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摘要
储能技术能够促进能源的优化利用,已成为国内外研究的热点,在全球范围节能减排的大趋势下,各能耗领域关于储能技术的研究显得至关重要。本文对相变储能房间节能应用技术进行了归纳,对各种技术的应用优势与难点进行了分析总结。针对目前相变储能理论与技术研究的单一性,从相变储能房间能源优化利用的角度出发,侧重太阳能采暖的利用,提出了适合寒冷地区的“相变储能房间热集成技术”的思想及具体方案,以沈阳建筑大学原建设指挥部为例进行了效益分析。
针对相变储能热水采暖地板在蓄热期间容易出现的供暖能力偏低的问题,提出了一种双层毛细管网加热的新型相变储能热水采暖地板系统,借助有限元分析软件ANSYS,在合理简化之后建立了三维传热模型,分析了相变储能热水采暖地板的蓄放热性能。
在理论分析的基础上,本文选取选择癸酸作为相变材料,通过对相变材料进行封装测试,比较分析了两种地板相变储能模块的制作,在此基础上搭建了新型相变储能热水采暖地板系统,并进行了测试与分析工作,得出了相变储能地板热水采暖系统的实际蓄放热性能以及其对房间热舒适性的影响,实际测试发现相变储能地板蓄放热性能良好,在蓄热8小时放热16小时的稳定间歇循环中,室内空气温度基本能保持在16℃以上,室内空气温度状况良好。
此外,本文在建筑南立面搭建了自行研制的太阳能空气集热器,构成了相变储能房间太阳能综合供暖的实验平台,该太阳能空气采暖系统在冬季可以辅助相变储能热水地板采暖,在夏季可以进行夜间机械通风蓄冷。对该相变储能房间太阳能综合采暖系统的间歇采暖效果进行了测试分析,证明了“相变储能房间热集成技术”应用的可行性,从而为太阳能采暖的利用,电力系统峰谷差问题的解决,为提高人民居住环境和建筑节能工作提供新的途径。
Energy storage technology can optimize the utilization of energy, so it becomes the hot research point at home and aboard. Under the huge trend of worldwide energy conservation and C-mission reduction, it seems quite important for the research of energy storage technology. This paper summarized the technologies used in phase change energy storage room and analyzes their advantages and disadvantages. Regarding to the singularity of PCES technology and focusing on the use of solar heating, this paper presented an idea of“thermal integration technology phase change energy storage room”and its specific program for cold areas from the point of optimal use of energy. Taking a small second-floor building as an example, the benefit of the program was analyzed.
Regarding to such problem as heating deficiency in the period of heat-storing for PCES floor, this paper proposed a kind of new PCES floor system taking a double capillary network as heating end. With the help of finite element analysis software ANSYS and through reasonable simplification, this paper set up a three-dimensional heat transfer model and analyzed the characteristic of storing and releasing heat of the PCES floor.
Based on the theoretical analysis, this paper established a kind of actual new PCES floor system. Capric acid was chosen as phase change material. Before establishing the experiment platform, the PCM was tested and two kinds of packaging method were tried. After that, the new PCES floor system was tested and analyzed. The characteristic of storing and releasing heat of the PCES floor and its influence on indoor thermal environment were gotten.
In addition, a self-developed solar air collector was integrated into the south wall of the small building, which constituted a solar heating integrated experimental platform. This solar air heating system could not only assist the PCES floor system in winter but also provide night mechanical ventilation in summer. The effect of intermittent heating for the solar heating integrated system was tested and analyzed, which proved the feasibility of application of "phase change thermal energy storage room integration technology". The research provided a new way for solar heating, solving the peak and valley problem for electrical system, providing more comfortable living environment and achieving building energy efficiency.
针对相变储能热水采暖地板在蓄热期间容易出现的供暖能力偏低的问题,提出了一种双层毛细管网加热的新型相变储能热水采暖地板系统,借助有限元分析软件ANSYS,在合理简化之后建立了三维传热模型,分析了相变储能热水采暖地板的蓄放热性能。
在理论分析的基础上,本文选取选择癸酸作为相变材料,通过对相变材料进行封装测试,比较分析了两种地板相变储能模块的制作,在此基础上搭建了新型相变储能热水采暖地板系统,并进行了测试与分析工作,得出了相变储能地板热水采暖系统的实际蓄放热性能以及其对房间热舒适性的影响,实际测试发现相变储能地板蓄放热性能良好,在蓄热8小时放热16小时的稳定间歇循环中,室内空气温度基本能保持在16℃以上,室内空气温度状况良好。
此外,本文在建筑南立面搭建了自行研制的太阳能空气集热器,构成了相变储能房间太阳能综合供暖的实验平台,该太阳能空气采暖系统在冬季可以辅助相变储能热水地板采暖,在夏季可以进行夜间机械通风蓄冷。对该相变储能房间太阳能综合采暖系统的间歇采暖效果进行了测试分析,证明了“相变储能房间热集成技术”应用的可行性,从而为太阳能采暖的利用,电力系统峰谷差问题的解决,为提高人民居住环境和建筑节能工作提供新的途径。
Energy storage technology can optimize the utilization of energy, so it becomes the hot research point at home and aboard. Under the huge trend of worldwide energy conservation and C-mission reduction, it seems quite important for the research of energy storage technology. This paper summarized the technologies used in phase change energy storage room and analyzes their advantages and disadvantages. Regarding to the singularity of PCES technology and focusing on the use of solar heating, this paper presented an idea of“thermal integration technology phase change energy storage room”and its specific program for cold areas from the point of optimal use of energy. Taking a small second-floor building as an example, the benefit of the program was analyzed.
Regarding to such problem as heating deficiency in the period of heat-storing for PCES floor, this paper proposed a kind of new PCES floor system taking a double capillary network as heating end. With the help of finite element analysis software ANSYS and through reasonable simplification, this paper set up a three-dimensional heat transfer model and analyzed the characteristic of storing and releasing heat of the PCES floor.
Based on the theoretical analysis, this paper established a kind of actual new PCES floor system. Capric acid was chosen as phase change material. Before establishing the experiment platform, the PCM was tested and two kinds of packaging method were tried. After that, the new PCES floor system was tested and analyzed. The characteristic of storing and releasing heat of the PCES floor and its influence on indoor thermal environment were gotten.
In addition, a self-developed solar air collector was integrated into the south wall of the small building, which constituted a solar heating integrated experimental platform. This solar air heating system could not only assist the PCES floor system in winter but also provide night mechanical ventilation in summer. The effect of intermittent heating for the solar heating integrated system was tested and analyzed, which proved the feasibility of application of "phase change thermal energy storage room integration technology". The research provided a new way for solar heating, solving the peak and valley problem for electrical system, providing more comfortable living environment and achieving building energy efficiency.
引文
1张国强,龚光彩等.能源、环境与空调制冷[J].制冷学报,2000,21(3):1-6
2李国建.相变储能电热地板采暖系统实验研究[D].辽宁:沈阳建筑大学,2005
3熊安华.太阳能低温热水采暖在拉萨地区的应用研究[D].上海:上海交通大学,2008
4谢鹏.相变储能式太阳能低温地板辐射采暖的设计及性能研究[D].江西:南昌大学,2008
5 Karen L George ,Michael Shepard. Phase change wallboard for peak demand reduction [ R] . Los Alamos National Laboratory (LANL ) Report , TM29324 , August 1993.
6 Stovall T K, Tomlinson J J. What are the potential benefits of including latent storage in common wallboard. ASME T J Sol Energy Engineering, 1995, 117(4): 318—325
7 Athienitis A K, Liu C, Hawes D, et al. Investigation of the thermal performance of a passive solar test-room with wall latent heat storage. Build Environ, 1997, 32(5): 405—410
8 Koschenz M, Lehmann B. Development of a thermally activated ceiling panel with PCM for application in lightweight and retrofitted buildings. Energy Buildings. 2004, 36: 567—578
9 Takeshi Kondo,Tadahiko Ibamoto,Tsubota Yuuji.Research on the storage of PCM wallboard.日本建筑学会论文集.2001,540:23-29
10 Khudhair A M,Farid M M. A review on energy conservation in building applications with thermal storage by latent heat using phase change materials. Energy Convers Manage, 2004, 45: 263—275
11 Hawlader M, Uddin M S, Khin M M. Microencapsulated PCM thermal-energy storage system. Appl Energy, 2003, 74(1-2): 195—202
12 Neeper D A. Thermal dynamics of wallboard with latent heat storage. Sol Energy, 2000, 68: 393—403[DOI]
13 A. Pasupathy ,R.Velraja, R.V. Seenirajb. Phase change material-based building architecture for thermal management in residential and commercial establishments Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews ,2008,12: 39–64
14 M.J. Huang et al. The application of a validated numerical model to predict the energy conservation potential of using phase change materials in the fabric of a building. Solar Energy Materials & Solar Cells ,2006,90: 1951–1960
15 M. Ahmad et al. Thermal testing and numerical simulation of a prototype cell using lightwallboards coupling vacuum isolation panels and phase change material. Energy and Buildings 38 (2006) 673–681
16 K. Darkwa, P.W. O’Callaghan . Simulation of phase change drywalls in a passive solar building. Applied Thermal Engineering ,2006,40:853–858
17 A. Pasupathy, R. Velraj. Effect of double layer phase change material in building roof for year round thermal management Energy and Buildings ,2008,40:193–203
18 K. Nagano et al. Study of a floor supply air conditioning system using granular phase change material to augment building mass thermal storage—Heat response in small scale experiments[J]. Energy and Buildings,2006 ,38:436–446
19 F. Mathieu-Potvin, L. Gosselin .Thermal shielding of multilayer walls with phase change materials under different transient boundary conditions[J]. International Journal of Thermal Sciences 2009,48:1707–1717
20杨绪强,潘毅,封银平等.十水硫酸钠低共熔混合物储热的实验研究[J].太阳能学报,1982, 13(2):212—215
21孙鑫泉,龚任秋,徐宝庆.十水硫酸钠体系潜热蓄热材料的研究[J].杭州大学学报,1990,17(2)
22冒东奎.含相变材料的壁板的潜热蓄热试验[J].新能源,1998,20(4):1—5
23叶宏,程丹鹏,葛新石,等.定形相变贮能式地板辐射采暖系统数值模型的实验验证及参数分析[J].太阳能学报, 2004, 25(2): 189—194
24林坤平,张寅平,狄洪发,等.定形相变材料蓄热地板电采暖热性能研究[J].清华大学学报(自然科学版), 2004, 44(12): 1618—1621
25王剑锋.相变储热研究进展(1)相变材料特性与储热系统优化.新能源.2000,22(3):31-35
26李震,张寅平,江亿.非理想相变特性材料性能简化分析方法及适用条件.太阳能学报2002,2:27-30
27郭文,卢文强,马重芳.热储能系统中二维多重相变问题第二类边界条件的双倒易边界元解法.工程热物理学报.2002.3:3218-220
28王志峰,王德芳.二元固液相变过程的三维非稳态数值研究.太阳能学报.2000.1:7-13
29曾艳,田怀璋,余鹏等.固液相变蓄能中有效导热系数的数值分析与实验研究.太阳能学报.2003.4:487-503
30刘中良,马重芳,孙旋.相变潜热随温度变化对固-液相变过程的影响.太阳能学报.2003.1:53-57
31 Y. Kang et al. Numerical analysis of effect of shape-stabilized phase change material platesin a building combined with night ventilation . Applied Energy ,2009,86:52–59
32林坤平,张寅平,江亿.夏季“空调”型相变墙热设计方法[J].太阳能学报, 2003, 24(2): 145—151
33 Zhou G B, Zhang Y P, Lin K P, et al. Thermal analysis of a direct-gain room with shape-stabilized PCM plates[J]. Renew Energy, 2008, 33(6): 1228—1236
34 Lin K P, Zhang Y P, Xu X, et al. Experimental study of under-floor electric heating system with shape-stabilized PCM plates[J]. Energy Buildings, 2005, 3: 215—220
35 Zhou G B, Zhang Y P, Wang X, et al. An assessment of mixed type PCM-gypsum and shape-stabilized PCM plates in a building for passive solar applications[J]. Sol Energy, 2007, 81(11): 1351—1360[DOI]
36叶宏,葛新石,焦冬生.带定形PCM的相变贮能式地板辐射采暖系统热性能的数值模拟[J].太阳能学报, 2002, 23(4): 482—487
37林坤平,张寅平,狄洪发,等.电加热相变材料蓄热地板采暖的热性能模拟[J].太阳能学报, 2003, 24(5): 633—637
38林坤平,张寅平,徐煦,等.定形相变材料蓄热地板电采暖热性能实验研究[J].高技术通讯, 2005, 15(4): 51—54
39张群力,狄洪发,林坤平,等.相变蓄能式低温热水地板采暖系统传热性能模拟研究[J].工程热物理学报, 2006, 27(4): 641—643
40张群力,狄洪发,张寅平,等.双层相变材料蓄能型辐射采暖与空调吊顶热性能[J].化工学报, 2006, 57(增刊): 74—79
41张寅平,胡汉平,孔祥冬等.相变贮能—理论和应用[M].合肥:中国科技大学出版社.1996
42王馨,张寅平,肖伟等.相变蓄能建筑围护结构热性能研究进展[J].科学通报,2008,53(24):3006-3013.
43李国建,冯国会,朱能等.新型相变储能电热地板采暖系统[J].沈阳建筑大学学报,2006,22(2)294-298
44 Feng guohui, Chen qizhen, Huang kailiang. Cool storage time of phase change wallboard room in summer [J]. J.Cent.South Univ.Technol, 2009,16(sl):075-079
45陈志豪.太阳能供暖/热水组合系统的实验与模拟研究[D].天津大学,2006.
46徐任学.太阳能利用技术[M].北京:科学出版社,2008:13-16
2李国建.相变储能电热地板采暖系统实验研究[D].辽宁:沈阳建筑大学,2005
3熊安华.太阳能低温热水采暖在拉萨地区的应用研究[D].上海:上海交通大学,2008
4谢鹏.相变储能式太阳能低温地板辐射采暖的设计及性能研究[D].江西:南昌大学,2008
5 Karen L George ,Michael Shepard. Phase change wallboard for peak demand reduction [ R] . Los Alamos National Laboratory (LANL ) Report , TM29324 , August 1993.
6 Stovall T K, Tomlinson J J. What are the potential benefits of including latent storage in common wallboard. ASME T J Sol Energy Engineering, 1995, 117(4): 318—325
7 Athienitis A K, Liu C, Hawes D, et al. Investigation of the thermal performance of a passive solar test-room with wall latent heat storage. Build Environ, 1997, 32(5): 405—410
8 Koschenz M, Lehmann B. Development of a thermally activated ceiling panel with PCM for application in lightweight and retrofitted buildings. Energy Buildings. 2004, 36: 567—578
9 Takeshi Kondo,Tadahiko Ibamoto,Tsubota Yuuji.Research on the storage of PCM wallboard.日本建筑学会论文集.2001,540:23-29
10 Khudhair A M,Farid M M. A review on energy conservation in building applications with thermal storage by latent heat using phase change materials. Energy Convers Manage, 2004, 45: 263—275
11 Hawlader M, Uddin M S, Khin M M. Microencapsulated PCM thermal-energy storage system. Appl Energy, 2003, 74(1-2): 195—202
12 Neeper D A. Thermal dynamics of wallboard with latent heat storage. Sol Energy, 2000, 68: 393—403[DOI]
13 A. Pasupathy ,R.Velraja, R.V. Seenirajb. Phase change material-based building architecture for thermal management in residential and commercial establishments Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews ,2008,12: 39–64
14 M.J. Huang et al. The application of a validated numerical model to predict the energy conservation potential of using phase change materials in the fabric of a building. Solar Energy Materials & Solar Cells ,2006,90: 1951–1960
15 M. Ahmad et al. Thermal testing and numerical simulation of a prototype cell using lightwallboards coupling vacuum isolation panels and phase change material. Energy and Buildings 38 (2006) 673–681
16 K. Darkwa, P.W. O’Callaghan . Simulation of phase change drywalls in a passive solar building. Applied Thermal Engineering ,2006,40:853–858
17 A. Pasupathy, R. Velraj. Effect of double layer phase change material in building roof for year round thermal management Energy and Buildings ,2008,40:193–203
18 K. Nagano et al. Study of a floor supply air conditioning system using granular phase change material to augment building mass thermal storage—Heat response in small scale experiments[J]. Energy and Buildings,2006 ,38:436–446
19 F. Mathieu-Potvin, L. Gosselin .Thermal shielding of multilayer walls with phase change materials under different transient boundary conditions[J]. International Journal of Thermal Sciences 2009,48:1707–1717
20杨绪强,潘毅,封银平等.十水硫酸钠低共熔混合物储热的实验研究[J].太阳能学报,1982, 13(2):212—215
21孙鑫泉,龚任秋,徐宝庆.十水硫酸钠体系潜热蓄热材料的研究[J].杭州大学学报,1990,17(2)
22冒东奎.含相变材料的壁板的潜热蓄热试验[J].新能源,1998,20(4):1—5
23叶宏,程丹鹏,葛新石,等.定形相变贮能式地板辐射采暖系统数值模型的实验验证及参数分析[J].太阳能学报, 2004, 25(2): 189—194
24林坤平,张寅平,狄洪发,等.定形相变材料蓄热地板电采暖热性能研究[J].清华大学学报(自然科学版), 2004, 44(12): 1618—1621
25王剑锋.相变储热研究进展(1)相变材料特性与储热系统优化.新能源.2000,22(3):31-35
26李震,张寅平,江亿.非理想相变特性材料性能简化分析方法及适用条件.太阳能学报2002,2:27-30
27郭文,卢文强,马重芳.热储能系统中二维多重相变问题第二类边界条件的双倒易边界元解法.工程热物理学报.2002.3:3218-220
28王志峰,王德芳.二元固液相变过程的三维非稳态数值研究.太阳能学报.2000.1:7-13
29曾艳,田怀璋,余鹏等.固液相变蓄能中有效导热系数的数值分析与实验研究.太阳能学报.2003.4:487-503
30刘中良,马重芳,孙旋.相变潜热随温度变化对固-液相变过程的影响.太阳能学报.2003.1:53-57
31 Y. Kang et al. Numerical analysis of effect of shape-stabilized phase change material platesin a building combined with night ventilation . Applied Energy ,2009,86:52–59
32林坤平,张寅平,江亿.夏季“空调”型相变墙热设计方法[J].太阳能学报, 2003, 24(2): 145—151
33 Zhou G B, Zhang Y P, Lin K P, et al. Thermal analysis of a direct-gain room with shape-stabilized PCM plates[J]. Renew Energy, 2008, 33(6): 1228—1236
34 Lin K P, Zhang Y P, Xu X, et al. Experimental study of under-floor electric heating system with shape-stabilized PCM plates[J]. Energy Buildings, 2005, 3: 215—220
35 Zhou G B, Zhang Y P, Wang X, et al. An assessment of mixed type PCM-gypsum and shape-stabilized PCM plates in a building for passive solar applications[J]. Sol Energy, 2007, 81(11): 1351—1360[DOI]
36叶宏,葛新石,焦冬生.带定形PCM的相变贮能式地板辐射采暖系统热性能的数值模拟[J].太阳能学报, 2002, 23(4): 482—487
37林坤平,张寅平,狄洪发,等.电加热相变材料蓄热地板采暖的热性能模拟[J].太阳能学报, 2003, 24(5): 633—637
38林坤平,张寅平,徐煦,等.定形相变材料蓄热地板电采暖热性能实验研究[J].高技术通讯, 2005, 15(4): 51—54
39张群力,狄洪发,林坤平,等.相变蓄能式低温热水地板采暖系统传热性能模拟研究[J].工程热物理学报, 2006, 27(4): 641—643
40张群力,狄洪发,张寅平,等.双层相变材料蓄能型辐射采暖与空调吊顶热性能[J].化工学报, 2006, 57(增刊): 74—79
41张寅平,胡汉平,孔祥冬等.相变贮能—理论和应用[M].合肥:中国科技大学出版社.1996
42王馨,张寅平,肖伟等.相变蓄能建筑围护结构热性能研究进展[J].科学通报,2008,53(24):3006-3013.
43李国建,冯国会,朱能等.新型相变储能电热地板采暖系统[J].沈阳建筑大学学报,2006,22(2)294-298
44 Feng guohui, Chen qizhen, Huang kailiang. Cool storage time of phase change wallboard room in summer [J]. J.Cent.South Univ.Technol, 2009,16(sl):075-079
45陈志豪.太阳能供暖/热水组合系统的实验与模拟研究[D].天津大学,2006.
46徐任学.太阳能利用技术[M].北京:科学出版社,2008:13-16