环保型金属表面除油工艺的研究
摘要
电镀工业对基体金属表面进行电镀前必须进行表面除油处理,除油工序中使用的除油剂泡沫太多会影响生产过程的进行,使用含磷的助洗剂容易造成环境污染。此外,目前电镀工业的除油工序的温度大都在70℃以上,加热所需能量大。为此,有必要探讨适用于电镀工业的中低温低泡除油剂和中低温无磷除油剂。
金属除油剂以水为溶液,表面活性剂和助剂为溶质。主要依靠表面活性剂的乳化作用来除油,本文采用阴离子和非离子表面活性剂复配的方法。
中低温低泡除油剂采用低泡非离子表面活性剂复配技术,减少了表面活性剂的使用量来达到了中低温低泡要求。实验通过正交实验并考察除油剂的浊点、除油效果和泡沫性能,得到中低温低泡除油剂的最佳组成为:十二烷基二苯醚二磺酸钠盐(2A1)2.0 g/L,异构脂肪醇烷氧基化物(EH-6)0.5 g/L,异构C10醇聚氧乙烯醚(A9)1.5 g/L,脂肪醇-亚烷基氧化物共聚物(168)0.8 g/L,五水偏硅酸钠5.0 g/L,碳酸钠20.0 g/L,三聚磷酸钠10.0 g/L。
无磷助洗剂烷基取代二元羧酸盐(DG-V),具有较好的钙离子束缚能力、pH缓冲能力、水溶性等,可以作为三聚磷酸钠STPP的替代物。以异构C10醇聚氧乙烯醚(A9)代替壬基酚聚氧乙烯醚(TX-10)并复配以低泡表面活性剂和高效乳化剂,主要考虑除油剂的除油能力得到高效的中低温无磷除油剂配方:十二烷基苯磺酸钠(LAS)1.5 g/L,异构C10醇聚氧乙烯醚(A9)3.0 g/L,脂肪醇聚氧乙烯醚(AEO-9)1.5 g/L,168 1.5 g/L,特殊结构APG(A_S4_8)1.0 g/L,五水偏硅酸钠4.0 g/L,DG-V 20.0 g/L,氢氧化钠10.0 g/L,柠檬酸钠1.0 g/L。
将中低温低泡除油剂、中低温无磷除油剂与广州二轻所产品BH-7做比较,中低温低泡金属清洗剂虽除油效果不如BH-7,在温度为40-50℃的条件下使用这种除油剂,除油效果好,泡沫高度低,破泡速度快;中低温无磷除油剂除油能力与含磷除油剂BH-7相当,且漂洗性能好,除油效率高,腐蚀量低。
Oil-removal is the necessary progress before plating, too much foam will influence the production process, also the phosphorus detergent can cause environmental pollution. In addition, the operating temperature of degreasers in electroplating industry are always up to 70℃, it will cost more energy. So it’s necessary to discuss environmental metal degreasing technology: low foam and phosphate-free degreasers in low-and- medium temperature.
Degreasers take water as the solution, surfactant and additives for solute. The oil- removal of degreaser mainly depends on the emulsification of surfactants. I used the formulation of nonionic and anion surfactant to research the degreasers.
The low foam degreaser in low-and-medium temperature uses the formulation technology of nonionic surfactants and decreasing the usage of surfactants to meet the requirement of low foam and low-and-medium temperature. By orthogonal test and inspection of cloud point, clean-ability and foam ability of the degreaser, we got the best component of the low foam degreaser: 2A1 2.0 g/L, A9 1.5 g/L, EH-6 0.5 g/L, 168 0.8g/L, Na2SiO3·5H2O 5.0 g/L, Na2CO3 20.0 g/L, STTP 10.0 g/L.
The behavior of DG-V phosphate-free builder can be a new builder to take the place of STPP with good ability to bind up Ca2+,to dissolve and in antacid property. The degreaser uses A9 to substitute for nonylphenol polyoxyethylene ether TX-10, together with a low-foam surfactant and an efficient emulsifying agent. The formulation: LAS 1.5 g/L, A9 3.0 g/L, AEO-9 1.5 g/L, 168 1.5 g/L, A_S4_8 1.0g/L, Na_2SiO_3·5H_2O 4.0 g/L, DG-V 20.0 g/L, NaOH 10.0 g/L, C_6H_5Na_3O_7·2H_2O 1.0 g/L.
Making comparason among BH-7(product of Guangzhou etsing plating institute), the low foam degreaser and phosphate-free degreaser. Though the effect of low foam degreaser is the worst, using it at the temperature of 40-50℃, the test results have shown that it has advantages such as completely eliminating oils on the surface, low foam height and fast speed on breaking foam. With similar effect to BH-7, the phosphate-free degreaser has advantages such as good rinsing performance, high oil removing capacity and high corrosion resistance.
金属除油剂以水为溶液,表面活性剂和助剂为溶质。主要依靠表面活性剂的乳化作用来除油,本文采用阴离子和非离子表面活性剂复配的方法。
中低温低泡除油剂采用低泡非离子表面活性剂复配技术,减少了表面活性剂的使用量来达到了中低温低泡要求。实验通过正交实验并考察除油剂的浊点、除油效果和泡沫性能,得到中低温低泡除油剂的最佳组成为:十二烷基二苯醚二磺酸钠盐(2A1)2.0 g/L,异构脂肪醇烷氧基化物(EH-6)0.5 g/L,异构C10醇聚氧乙烯醚(A9)1.5 g/L,脂肪醇-亚烷基氧化物共聚物(168)0.8 g/L,五水偏硅酸钠5.0 g/L,碳酸钠20.0 g/L,三聚磷酸钠10.0 g/L。
无磷助洗剂烷基取代二元羧酸盐(DG-V),具有较好的钙离子束缚能力、pH缓冲能力、水溶性等,可以作为三聚磷酸钠STPP的替代物。以异构C10醇聚氧乙烯醚(A9)代替壬基酚聚氧乙烯醚(TX-10)并复配以低泡表面活性剂和高效乳化剂,主要考虑除油剂的除油能力得到高效的中低温无磷除油剂配方:十二烷基苯磺酸钠(LAS)1.5 g/L,异构C10醇聚氧乙烯醚(A9)3.0 g/L,脂肪醇聚氧乙烯醚(AEO-9)1.5 g/L,168 1.5 g/L,特殊结构APG(A_S4_8)1.0 g/L,五水偏硅酸钠4.0 g/L,DG-V 20.0 g/L,氢氧化钠10.0 g/L,柠檬酸钠1.0 g/L。
将中低温低泡除油剂、中低温无磷除油剂与广州二轻所产品BH-7做比较,中低温低泡金属清洗剂虽除油效果不如BH-7,在温度为40-50℃的条件下使用这种除油剂,除油效果好,泡沫高度低,破泡速度快;中低温无磷除油剂除油能力与含磷除油剂BH-7相当,且漂洗性能好,除油效率高,腐蚀量低。
Oil-removal is the necessary progress before plating, too much foam will influence the production process, also the phosphorus detergent can cause environmental pollution. In addition, the operating temperature of degreasers in electroplating industry are always up to 70℃, it will cost more energy. So it’s necessary to discuss environmental metal degreasing technology: low foam and phosphate-free degreasers in low-and- medium temperature.
Degreasers take water as the solution, surfactant and additives for solute. The oil- removal of degreaser mainly depends on the emulsification of surfactants. I used the formulation of nonionic and anion surfactant to research the degreasers.
The low foam degreaser in low-and-medium temperature uses the formulation technology of nonionic surfactants and decreasing the usage of surfactants to meet the requirement of low foam and low-and-medium temperature. By orthogonal test and inspection of cloud point, clean-ability and foam ability of the degreaser, we got the best component of the low foam degreaser: 2A1 2.0 g/L, A9 1.5 g/L, EH-6 0.5 g/L, 168 0.8g/L, Na2SiO3·5H2O 5.0 g/L, Na2CO3 20.0 g/L, STTP 10.0 g/L.
The behavior of DG-V phosphate-free builder can be a new builder to take the place of STPP with good ability to bind up Ca2+,to dissolve and in antacid property. The degreaser uses A9 to substitute for nonylphenol polyoxyethylene ether TX-10, together with a low-foam surfactant and an efficient emulsifying agent. The formulation: LAS 1.5 g/L, A9 3.0 g/L, AEO-9 1.5 g/L, 168 1.5 g/L, A_S4_8 1.0g/L, Na_2SiO_3·5H_2O 4.0 g/L, DG-V 20.0 g/L, NaOH 10.0 g/L, C_6H_5Na_3O_7·2H_2O 1.0 g/L.
Making comparason among BH-7(product of Guangzhou etsing plating institute), the low foam degreaser and phosphate-free degreaser. Though the effect of low foam degreaser is the worst, using it at the temperature of 40-50℃, the test results have shown that it has advantages such as completely eliminating oils on the surface, low foam height and fast speed on breaking foam. With similar effect to BH-7, the phosphate-free degreaser has advantages such as good rinsing performance, high oil removing capacity and high corrosion resistance.
引文
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