焊接圆柱壳轴压弹性及塑性屈曲实验研究和数值分析
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摘要
钢制焊接圆柱壳结构广泛应用在石油、化工、冶金、环保等工业领域中。这类结构的共同点是壁厚小、径厚比大,在承受轴向压力载荷时容易发生屈曲失效。本文采用实验和数值模拟相结合的方法就钢制焊接圆柱壳在均匀轴向压力作用下的弹性和塑性屈曲问题进行研究,开展的主要工作如下。
(1)提出了一种在环向施加扰动几何缺陷来计算带轴对称缺陷的轴压圆柱壳弹性屈曲分支载荷的方法。结合提出的环向扰动几何缺陷法,探讨了“焊接残余应力对轴压圆柱壳弹性屈曲临界载荷究竟有利还是不利”这一具有争议性的问题；分析了局部几何凹陷的存在及大小对焊接圆柱壳轴压弹性屈曲的影响。
(2)自主研制了带几何缺陷自动采集功能的轴压屈曲试验平台。试验平台整体采用框架式结构,集几何缺陷测量系统、轴压加载系统和控制系统于一体。试件试验时仅需一次定位即可完成几何缺陷自动采集和轴压加载,具有几何缺陷测量精度高、轴向公称压力大、人机交互友好等优点,可以用于轴压圆柱壳的塑性屈曲试验研究。
(3)制作了多个具有代表性的焊接组合圆柱壳试件,利用自主研制的屈曲试验平台,开展了带焊缝余高的组合圆柱壳在轴向均匀压力作用下的塑性屈曲实验研究。探讨了焊缝类型、环焊缝数量、焊缝余高大小、材料屈服强度和打磨余高等因素对轴压圆柱壳塑性屈曲的影响。
(4)建立了一种综合考虑初始几何缺陷和焊接残余应力的轴压圆柱壳塑性屈曲分析有限元模型,并利用试验结果验证了该模型的正确性。分析了焊接残余应力的存在及大小对轴压圆柱壳塑性屈曲的影响,同时从试件内外表面屈曲区域应力性质的变化角度揭示了焊接残余应力对轴压圆柱壳塑性屈曲的影响机理。
(5)提出了一种用于预测带焊缝余高的焊接圆柱壳轴压塑性屈曲临界载荷的数值预测方法,并采用已有的试验结果对其进行了验证。
Welded cylindrical shells have a wide application in petroleum, chemical, metallurgy, environmental protection and other industrial areas. The common characteristics of such structures are small wall thickness and large ratio of radius to thickness, which make them vulerable to axial buckling failure. In this paper, experimental and numerical methods are adopted to investigate on axial elastic and plastic buckling of welded steel cylindrical shells. The main works are as follows.
(1) A circumferential geometric imperfection disturb method is proposed to calculate the axial elastic branch buckling load of cylindrical shells. Using the proposed method, the controversial issue "whether weding residual stress is favorable or unfavorable to axial elastic buckling critical load" is explored; the effect of the existence and size of local geometric depression on axial elastic buckling is analyzied.
(2) An axial buckling test platform with automatic acquiring function of initial geometric imperfections and axial loading function is developed independently. The test platform adopts a frame structure form and assembles geometric imperfections measuring system, axial loading system and control system into one whole. The geometric imperfection measuring and axial loading of specimen can be finished by positioning the specimen only once during the test. The advantages of this test platform are high scaning accuracy of geometric imperfections, large nominal axial load and friendly human-computer interaction. It is suitable for experimental research of axial plastic buckling of cylindrical shells.
(3) Several typical cylindrical shell specimens are made. Experimental study on axial plastic buckling of combined cylindrical shells with reinforcement is carried out by using the independently developed buckling test platform. The effect of weld type, the number of circumferential welds, the amplitude of weld reinforcement, the material yield strength and the polish of weld reinforcement, etc. on the axial plastic buckling is explored.
(4) A finite element analysis model, which considers initial geometric imperfections and welding residual stress, for learning axial plastic buckling of cylindrical shells with weld reinforcement is established and its corectness is verified by using existed experimental results. The effect of the existence and maginitude of welding residual stress on axial plastic buckling is analyzed. The mechanism of why welding residual stress has an effect on axial plastic buckling is revealed from the point of stress variation of the inner and outer surface of buckling zone.
(5) A numerical method used for predicting the axial plastic buckling critical load of welded cylindrical shells with reinforcement is proposed and its corectness is verified by using existed experimental results.
(1)提出了一种在环向施加扰动几何缺陷来计算带轴对称缺陷的轴压圆柱壳弹性屈曲分支载荷的方法。结合提出的环向扰动几何缺陷法,探讨了“焊接残余应力对轴压圆柱壳弹性屈曲临界载荷究竟有利还是不利”这一具有争议性的问题；分析了局部几何凹陷的存在及大小对焊接圆柱壳轴压弹性屈曲的影响。
(2)自主研制了带几何缺陷自动采集功能的轴压屈曲试验平台。试验平台整体采用框架式结构,集几何缺陷测量系统、轴压加载系统和控制系统于一体。试件试验时仅需一次定位即可完成几何缺陷自动采集和轴压加载,具有几何缺陷测量精度高、轴向公称压力大、人机交互友好等优点,可以用于轴压圆柱壳的塑性屈曲试验研究。
(3)制作了多个具有代表性的焊接组合圆柱壳试件,利用自主研制的屈曲试验平台,开展了带焊缝余高的组合圆柱壳在轴向均匀压力作用下的塑性屈曲实验研究。探讨了焊缝类型、环焊缝数量、焊缝余高大小、材料屈服强度和打磨余高等因素对轴压圆柱壳塑性屈曲的影响。
(4)建立了一种综合考虑初始几何缺陷和焊接残余应力的轴压圆柱壳塑性屈曲分析有限元模型,并利用试验结果验证了该模型的正确性。分析了焊接残余应力的存在及大小对轴压圆柱壳塑性屈曲的影响,同时从试件内外表面屈曲区域应力性质的变化角度揭示了焊接残余应力对轴压圆柱壳塑性屈曲的影响机理。
(5)提出了一种用于预测带焊缝余高的焊接圆柱壳轴压塑性屈曲临界载荷的数值预测方法,并采用已有的试验结果对其进行了验证。
Welded cylindrical shells have a wide application in petroleum, chemical, metallurgy, environmental protection and other industrial areas. The common characteristics of such structures are small wall thickness and large ratio of radius to thickness, which make them vulerable to axial buckling failure. In this paper, experimental and numerical methods are adopted to investigate on axial elastic and plastic buckling of welded steel cylindrical shells. The main works are as follows.
(1) A circumferential geometric imperfection disturb method is proposed to calculate the axial elastic branch buckling load of cylindrical shells. Using the proposed method, the controversial issue "whether weding residual stress is favorable or unfavorable to axial elastic buckling critical load" is explored; the effect of the existence and size of local geometric depression on axial elastic buckling is analyzied.
(2) An axial buckling test platform with automatic acquiring function of initial geometric imperfections and axial loading function is developed independently. The test platform adopts a frame structure form and assembles geometric imperfections measuring system, axial loading system and control system into one whole. The geometric imperfection measuring and axial loading of specimen can be finished by positioning the specimen only once during the test. The advantages of this test platform are high scaning accuracy of geometric imperfections, large nominal axial load and friendly human-computer interaction. It is suitable for experimental research of axial plastic buckling of cylindrical shells.
(3) Several typical cylindrical shell specimens are made. Experimental study on axial plastic buckling of combined cylindrical shells with reinforcement is carried out by using the independently developed buckling test platform. The effect of weld type, the number of circumferential welds, the amplitude of weld reinforcement, the material yield strength and the polish of weld reinforcement, etc. on the axial plastic buckling is explored.
(4) A finite element analysis model, which considers initial geometric imperfections and welding residual stress, for learning axial plastic buckling of cylindrical shells with weld reinforcement is established and its corectness is verified by using existed experimental results. The effect of the existence and maginitude of welding residual stress on axial plastic buckling is analyzed. The mechanism of why welding residual stress has an effect on axial plastic buckling is revealed from the point of stress variation of the inner and outer surface of buckling zone.
(5) A numerical method used for predicting the axial plastic buckling critical load of welded cylindrical shells with reinforcement is proposed and its corectness is verified by using existed experimental results.
引文
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