电除尘器顶部振打控制系统研究
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摘要
电除尘技术在环保行业中具有重要地位,其中顶部振打控制技术是电除尘清灰控制系统中的关键技术。顶部振打控制的规律和模型为电除尘技术的优化应用提供了理论基础,是设计新一代高性能电除尘设备的关键。在对荷电粉尘驱进过程的静电受力模型、粉尘吸附力模型、粉尘振打加速度模型、顶部振打器运动模型以及新型PWM控制理论详细分析的基础上,我们采用嵌入式技术进行了相关实验并设计了实验样机。其主要工作和结论如下:
(1)通过对电除尘器荷电粉尘驱进过程建模,讨论分析了粉尘驱进过程中的静电受力情况;通过粉尘在极板上的吸附力分析和清灰振打加速度数学模型研究和仿真,提出了振打加速度和粉尘吸附力的变化规律。
(2)通过顶部电磁振打器运动锤的三个运动阶段数学建模,提出了节能振打概念,得到了定子线圈脉冲电流要符合电磁力有效作用的规律。提出脉冲电流周期过大,不但无法进一步提升振打锤的有效高度,反而引起了定子线圈的磁饱和,导致了线圈发热,浪费了电能。
(3)为了有效提高定子线圈电流的变化精度,改进振打锤提升高度的精确性,提出了新型非均匀PWM脉冲产生理论并应用到顶部振打控制系统中,占空比调节步距更小的PWM脉冲作用在定子线圈上,得到了更高精度的平均输出电压。
(4)根据储能元件的谐振和能量转移理论,提出了新型的无源谐振型软开关电路模型。利用谐振过程使开关管的导通和关断时电压和电流时间错位,满足了软开关技术零电压导通(ZVS)和零电流关断(ZCS)的条件,达到了无损开关的效果,减低了能耗并保护了功率开关管。
(5)研究了新型行、列矩阵分配控制电路和硬件过流保护电路,采用较简约的方法实现了复杂的矩阵控制,同时有效地解决了控制信号分配的“共态导通”问题。设计了具有自主知识产权的多模式、多参数图形化表格输入技术,更直观、更方便地实现了现场参数的输入和修改。
最后,总结了全文,并对进一步的工作做了展望。
ESP(Electrostatic Precipitator) plays an important role in environmental protection which key technique is the top control shaking. The model and law of top shaking control systems provide the theory basis for optimization and application of ESP, and they are also the key factors to design high performance ESP equipments. Based on the detailed analysis of the electrostatic stress model of the charged mill dust in migration progress, the adsorption affinity model of mill dust, the shaking accelerated speed model of mill dust、the motion model of the top shaker and a new PWM(Pulse Width Modulation) control theory, we adopt the embedded technology in our experiments and have designed a model ESP machine. Main results are summarized as follows.
(1) By building a mathematic model about the mill dust, we discuss the electrostatic stress of mill dust when it is advancing; Besides, the analysis of the adsorption affinity of mill dust and the mathematic model of the shaking accelerated speed are applied to investigate the law of the shaking accelerated speed varying with the adsorption affinity of mill dust.
(2) A mathematic model for three different moving stages of the top electromagnetism shaking hammer is established. We provide an energy-saving-shaking technology and get the law that the current flow in stator coil should satisfy the effective effect of the electric magnetic, that is, the effective height of the shaking hammer can't lift with further increasing the period of impulse current. On the contrary, it causes the saturated magnetization in stator coil which leads to the coil too heat to waste electric energy.
(3) To improve a varying precision of the current in stator coil and the accuracy of lifting height with shaking hammer, we presented a new non-uniform PWM control technology and applied to top shaking control systems. The more precision averaging output voltage can be gained when the PWM impulse with much smaller stepping accuracy duty ratio applies to the stator coil.
(4) According to the theory of resonance of energy storage elements and energy transfer, a new style passive resonance soft switch technology is presented. Depending on the resonance process, the shift of voltage and current occurs when the switch tube was broken over and shut off. Thus, soft switch technology satisfies the condition of ZCS(Zero Current Switch) and ZVS(Zero Voltage Switch), which gives the result of non-destructive switch, decreases energy consumption and protects the power switching transistor.
(5) A new style matrix allocation control circuit with line & array and hardware current feedback circuit is designed. We adopted a simple method to control the complicated matrix and solve the problem of common break-over to distributing of control signal at the same time. A graphic input technology of multi-parameter and multi-model with independent intelligent property right is explored. It makes the input and modification of the live parameter more visually, more conveniently.
In the end, we made a summary on my paper and had an outlook on my future research.
(1)通过对电除尘器荷电粉尘驱进过程建模,讨论分析了粉尘驱进过程中的静电受力情况;通过粉尘在极板上的吸附力分析和清灰振打加速度数学模型研究和仿真,提出了振打加速度和粉尘吸附力的变化规律。
(2)通过顶部电磁振打器运动锤的三个运动阶段数学建模,提出了节能振打概念,得到了定子线圈脉冲电流要符合电磁力有效作用的规律。提出脉冲电流周期过大,不但无法进一步提升振打锤的有效高度,反而引起了定子线圈的磁饱和,导致了线圈发热,浪费了电能。
(3)为了有效提高定子线圈电流的变化精度,改进振打锤提升高度的精确性,提出了新型非均匀PWM脉冲产生理论并应用到顶部振打控制系统中,占空比调节步距更小的PWM脉冲作用在定子线圈上,得到了更高精度的平均输出电压。
(4)根据储能元件的谐振和能量转移理论,提出了新型的无源谐振型软开关电路模型。利用谐振过程使开关管的导通和关断时电压和电流时间错位,满足了软开关技术零电压导通(ZVS)和零电流关断(ZCS)的条件,达到了无损开关的效果,减低了能耗并保护了功率开关管。
(5)研究了新型行、列矩阵分配控制电路和硬件过流保护电路,采用较简约的方法实现了复杂的矩阵控制,同时有效地解决了控制信号分配的“共态导通”问题。设计了具有自主知识产权的多模式、多参数图形化表格输入技术,更直观、更方便地实现了现场参数的输入和修改。
最后,总结了全文,并对进一步的工作做了展望。
ESP(Electrostatic Precipitator) plays an important role in environmental protection which key technique is the top control shaking. The model and law of top shaking control systems provide the theory basis for optimization and application of ESP, and they are also the key factors to design high performance ESP equipments. Based on the detailed analysis of the electrostatic stress model of the charged mill dust in migration progress, the adsorption affinity model of mill dust, the shaking accelerated speed model of mill dust、the motion model of the top shaker and a new PWM(Pulse Width Modulation) control theory, we adopt the embedded technology in our experiments and have designed a model ESP machine. Main results are summarized as follows.
(1) By building a mathematic model about the mill dust, we discuss the electrostatic stress of mill dust when it is advancing; Besides, the analysis of the adsorption affinity of mill dust and the mathematic model of the shaking accelerated speed are applied to investigate the law of the shaking accelerated speed varying with the adsorption affinity of mill dust.
(2) A mathematic model for three different moving stages of the top electromagnetism shaking hammer is established. We provide an energy-saving-shaking technology and get the law that the current flow in stator coil should satisfy the effective effect of the electric magnetic, that is, the effective height of the shaking hammer can't lift with further increasing the period of impulse current. On the contrary, it causes the saturated magnetization in stator coil which leads to the coil too heat to waste electric energy.
(3) To improve a varying precision of the current in stator coil and the accuracy of lifting height with shaking hammer, we presented a new non-uniform PWM control technology and applied to top shaking control systems. The more precision averaging output voltage can be gained when the PWM impulse with much smaller stepping accuracy duty ratio applies to the stator coil.
(4) According to the theory of resonance of energy storage elements and energy transfer, a new style passive resonance soft switch technology is presented. Depending on the resonance process, the shift of voltage and current occurs when the switch tube was broken over and shut off. Thus, soft switch technology satisfies the condition of ZCS(Zero Current Switch) and ZVS(Zero Voltage Switch), which gives the result of non-destructive switch, decreases energy consumption and protects the power switching transistor.
(5) A new style matrix allocation control circuit with line & array and hardware current feedback circuit is designed. We adopted a simple method to control the complicated matrix and solve the problem of common break-over to distributing of control signal at the same time. A graphic input technology of multi-parameter and multi-model with independent intelligent property right is explored. It makes the input and modification of the live parameter more visually, more conveniently.
In the end, we made a summary on my paper and had an outlook on my future research.
引文
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