鹤壁八矿煤巷掘进控制预裂松动爆破防突技术参数研究
|
摘要
论文在爆破学和断裂力学等多门学科理论基础上,利用ANSYS/LS-DYNA计算机模拟软件,结合现场试验验证,对鹤壁八矿煤巷掘进期间采取控制预裂爆破防突技术进行研究,得出以下有益研究成果:
(1)根据经典爆破与断裂力学理论,分析了冲击波、应力波和爆生气体准静态应力场在成裂过程中的作用机理,得出爆破裂纹的起裂、分岔和止裂条件。
(2)利用计算机有限元模拟软件ANSYS/LS-DYNA,模拟出不同装药量、不同爆破孔间距、不同爆破孔与控制孔间距条件下爆破应力波传播规律和裂纹扩展情况,找出最优爆破参数。同时在最合理爆破参数条件下,模拟出不同断面,爆破裂纹扩展情况,及煤层顶底板损伤情况。
(3)根据数值模拟结果,对控制预裂爆破基本参数进行优化,并对其防突效果在鹤壁八矿3101北切眼掘进工作面进行了现场考察,结果表明,在煤巷掘进过程中实施控制预裂爆破防突措施,能够有效的增加煤层透气性系数,提高巷帮抽放钻场的抽放效率,降低掘进工作面前方煤体瓦斯含量,使应力集中带向煤层转移,延长卸压带的长度,实现突出煤层快速掘进的目的。
(4)通过现场验证,计算机模拟结果与现场试验结果基本一致,充分证明了采用计算机数值模拟可以对预裂爆破防突技术进行的现场指导。
Based on the theory of blasting mechanics and fracture mechanics and so on, the Controlled Pre-splitting Blasting against outburst Technology for outburst coal tunnel driving is studied in this paper by use of ANSYS / LS-DYNA computer simulation software, combined with on-site test verification, get the following beneficial results.
(1) Based on classic blasting mechanics and fracture mechanics theory, this paper analysises the mechanism of shock wave, stress wave and blasting gas quasi-static stress field during the process of crack, also analysis the condition for the beginning, bifurcation and stop of blasting crack.
(2) The ANSYS / LS-DYNA software is used in the paper for computer finite element simulation, in order to analysis the blasting stress wave propagation and the crack propagation under different conditions, such as different amount of dynamite, different blast hole spacing, different blast hole and control hole spacing. Then The optimum blasting parameters are obtained. At the same time, the blasting crack propagation under different sections and the coal seam roof and floor damage can be simulated in use of the optimum blasting parameters.
(3) The on-site effect of controlled pre-splitting blasting technology against outburst is studied in the paper. The results indicate that by utilizing pre-splitting blasting measures can prevent the outburst effectively when driving through the course of coal tunnel, it's also can increase the seam permeability coefficient, thus can improve drainage drilling efficiency and reduce the coal gas content of the heading face, make the concentration stress region divert to the farther coal area, extend the length of pressure relief region and eventually achieve the purposes of rapid excavation.
(4) The paper with the results from test on site shows that the computer simulation and on-site test results are basically the same. It proves that computer simulation can be used for pre-splitting blasting on-site guidance.
(1)根据经典爆破与断裂力学理论,分析了冲击波、应力波和爆生气体准静态应力场在成裂过程中的作用机理,得出爆破裂纹的起裂、分岔和止裂条件。
(2)利用计算机有限元模拟软件ANSYS/LS-DYNA,模拟出不同装药量、不同爆破孔间距、不同爆破孔与控制孔间距条件下爆破应力波传播规律和裂纹扩展情况,找出最优爆破参数。同时在最合理爆破参数条件下,模拟出不同断面,爆破裂纹扩展情况,及煤层顶底板损伤情况。
(3)根据数值模拟结果,对控制预裂爆破基本参数进行优化,并对其防突效果在鹤壁八矿3101北切眼掘进工作面进行了现场考察,结果表明,在煤巷掘进过程中实施控制预裂爆破防突措施,能够有效的增加煤层透气性系数,提高巷帮抽放钻场的抽放效率,降低掘进工作面前方煤体瓦斯含量,使应力集中带向煤层转移,延长卸压带的长度,实现突出煤层快速掘进的目的。
(4)通过现场验证,计算机模拟结果与现场试验结果基本一致,充分证明了采用计算机数值模拟可以对预裂爆破防突技术进行的现场指导。
Based on the theory of blasting mechanics and fracture mechanics and so on, the Controlled Pre-splitting Blasting against outburst Technology for outburst coal tunnel driving is studied in this paper by use of ANSYS / LS-DYNA computer simulation software, combined with on-site test verification, get the following beneficial results.
(1) Based on classic blasting mechanics and fracture mechanics theory, this paper analysises the mechanism of shock wave, stress wave and blasting gas quasi-static stress field during the process of crack, also analysis the condition for the beginning, bifurcation and stop of blasting crack.
(2) The ANSYS / LS-DYNA software is used in the paper for computer finite element simulation, in order to analysis the blasting stress wave propagation and the crack propagation under different conditions, such as different amount of dynamite, different blast hole spacing, different blast hole and control hole spacing. Then The optimum blasting parameters are obtained. At the same time, the blasting crack propagation under different sections and the coal seam roof and floor damage can be simulated in use of the optimum blasting parameters.
(3) The on-site effect of controlled pre-splitting blasting technology against outburst is studied in the paper. The results indicate that by utilizing pre-splitting blasting measures can prevent the outburst effectively when driving through the course of coal tunnel, it's also can increase the seam permeability coefficient, thus can improve drainage drilling efficiency and reduce the coal gas content of the heading face, make the concentration stress region divert to the farther coal area, extend the length of pressure relief region and eventually achieve the purposes of rapid excavation.
(4) The paper with the results from test on site shows that the computer simulation and on-site test results are basically the same. It proves that computer simulation can be used for pre-splitting blasting on-site guidance.
引文
[1]中华人民共和国国家统计局.中国统计年[EB/OL]. 2008. http//www.stats.gov.cn/tjsj/ndsj/2008.
[2]俞启香.矿井瓦斯防治[M].徐州:中国矿大出版社, 1992.
[3]于不凡.煤矿瓦斯灾害防治及利用技术手册[M].北京:煤炭工业出版社, 2005.
[4]何廷山.松动爆破及其防突作用原理初探[J].煤炭技术, 2004, 23(7): 105~106.
[5]张光林.深孔松动爆破防治煤与瓦斯突出的分析[J].工业安全与环保, 2002, 28(3): 17~21.
[6]张志呈.定向断裂控制爆破[M].重庆:重庆出版社, 2000.
[7] Koleky H. Stress Waves in Solid[M]. New York: Dover Publication, 1953.
[8]张继春,钮强.岩体爆破块度预测模型研究综述[J].爆破, 1992, 9(4): 63~69.
[9] Harries G. The use of a computer to describe blasting[C]. 15th APCOM symposium, Brisbane, 1977: 325~334.
[10] Harries G. A Mathematical Model of Cratering and Blasting[C]. National Symposium on Rock Fragmentation, Adelaide, 1973 41~54.
[11]张继春.节理岩体爆破的损伤机理及其块度模型[J].中国有色金属学报: 1999, 9(3): 666~671.
[12] Kipp M E and Grady D E. Numerical Studies of Rock Fragmentation[R]. Sandia Report SAND79-1582,1978.
[13] Taylor L M , Chen E P, Kuszmaul J S. Microcrack induced damage accumulation in brittle rock under dynamic loading[J] . Journal of Computer Methods in Applied Mechanics and Engineering, 1986 ,55(3) :301-320.
[14] Margolin L G et al. Numerical Simulation of Blast[C]. Proceedings of 1st Int Symp on Rock Frag by Blasting, 1985:203～210.
[15]杨军,王树仁.岩石爆破分形损伤模型研究[J],爆炸与冲击: 1996, 16(1), 5~10.
[16]赵伏军.松动爆破在煤矿开采中的应用[J].爆破, 2002, 19(l): 40~42.
[17]史雅语,金骥良,顾毅成.工程爆破实践[M].合肥:中国科学技术大学出版社, 2002.
[18]卢旭.数值模拟在松动爆破卸压技术中的应用[J].煤炭科学技术, 2005, 33(8): 21~23.
[19]东兆星,邵鹏.爆破工程[M].北京:中国建筑工业出版社, 2005.
[20] Talhi K T, Bensaker B. Design of a model blasting system to measure peak p-waves stress[J]. Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering, 2003, (23): 513~519.
[21]何广沂.大量石方松动控制爆破新技术[M].北京:中国铁道出版社, 1999.
[22]郭进平,聂兴信.新编爆破工程实用技术大全[M].北京:光明日报出版社, 2002.
[23] Bangash M Y H. Impact and Explosion Struetural Analysis and Design[M]. Great Britain: Blaekwell Scientific Publication, 1993.
[24]王家来,徐颖.应变波对岩体的损伤作用和爆生裂纹传播[J].爆炸与冲击, 1995, 15(3):212~216.
[25]肖正学.断裂控制爆破裂纹发展规律的研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报, 2002, 21(4): 546~549.
[26] Grine DR. Shock wave and the mechanieal ProPerties of solid[R]. MenloPark,Califona: Stanford Research Institute, 1971.
[27]张光林.深孔松动爆破防治煤与瓦斯突出的分析[J].工业安全与环保, 2002, 28(3): 17~21.
[28]卿光全.空孔导向作用探讨[J].爆破. 1990, 7(2): 23~26.
[29]伊藤一郎等.光面爆破理论研究[M].阜新矿业学院编, 1979
[30]石必明,俞启香.低透气性煤层深孔预裂控制松动爆破防突作用分析[J],建井技术. 2002, 23(5): 27~30.
[31]方昌才.突出煤层深孔预裂控制松动爆破防突技术研究[J].矿业安全与环保. 2004, (4): 21~23.
[32] Perrson P A, Lundborg N, Lohansson C H. The Basic Mechanisms in Rock Blasting[C]. :Proc 2th Congr Int Soc Rock Mech, Beograd,1970,19~3
[33]张电吉.爆破冲击作用下岩体破碎机理[J].矿山技术, 1991, (4): 36~38.
[34]王文龙.钻眼爆破[M].北京:煤炭工业出版社, 1984.
[35]戴俊.岩石动力学特性与爆破理论[M].北京:冶金工业出版社. 2002.
[36]魏殿志.爆炸冲击波对煤体的变形和破坏作用分析[J].中国煤炭,2004(30). 2002.
[37]马建军,程良奎,蔡路军.爆破应力波的传播及其远区破坏效应研究现状述评[J].爆破, 2005,22(2): 17~21.
[38]马建军.爆破应力波中远区破岩作用分析[J].武汉科技大学学报, 2005,(28)2. 182~184.
[39]王家来.应力波对岩石的损伤及其在成缝中的作用[J].爆破, 1995(6): 6~9.
[40]庄茁,蒋持平.工程断裂与损伤[M].北京:机械工业出版社. 2004.
[41]张志呈.岩石爆破裂纹的起裂、扩展、分岔与止裂[J].爆破, 1999(4): 15~24..
[42]许红涛,卢文波,邹奕芳.钻孔爆破中环向裂纹形成机理的研究[J].工程爆破, 2003, 9(3): 7~11.
[43]秦虑,汪旭光.断裂爆破新技术的研究与应用[J].有色金属(矿山部分): 1994. (5): 26~30.
[44] Grine D R.Shock wave and the mechanical Properties of solid[R]. Menlo Park, Califonia:Stanford Research Institute, 1971.
[45]李庆芬.断裂力学及其工程应用[M].哈尔滨:哈尔滨工业大学出版社, 1998.
[46]姜彦忠.爆破技术基础[M].北京:中国铁道出版社1999.
[47]岳中文,杨仁树,郭东明,等.爆炸应力波作用下缺陷介质裂纹扩展的动态分析[J].岩土力学, 2009, 30(4): 949~954.
[48]邵鹏,东兆星.控制爆破技术[M].徐州:中国矿业大学出版社, 2004.
[49]杨善本.煤岩体爆破动力学基础[M].北京:煤炭工业出版社, 1993.
[50]王志亮,李其中,张莉聪.煤层预裂爆破应力波破坏范围的探讨[J].煤炭科技, 2010, (3): 52~53.
[51]高金石.准静压力作用下岩石爆破成缝方向与机理研究[J].爆炸与冲击, 1988, (3):21~23.
[52]宗琦.刻槽爆破成缝规律及其动态效应[J].爆破, 1997, 14(1):1~4.
[53]杨小林,王梦恕.爆生气体作用下岩石裂纹的扩展机理[J].爆炸与冲击, 2001, (4): 111~112.
[54]凌伟明.爆生气体在光面爆破中的作用[J].煤炭学报, 1990, (4): 73~82.
[55]王仲琦,张奇,白春华.孔深爆破影响爆炸应力波特性的数值分析[J].岩石力学与工程学报.2002, 21(4): 550~553.
[56]龚敏,王德胜,黄毅华,等.突出煤层深孔控制爆破时控制孔的作用[J].爆炸与冲击, 2008, 28(4): 310~315.
[57]谢友友,张连军,林柏泉,等.穿层深孔控制爆破有效影响半径的确定[J].煤矿安全, 2008, (11):12~14.
[58]徐书谦,李敏.深孔松动爆破在预防掘进工作面煤与瓦斯突出中的应用[J].煤炭科技, 2007, (6): 54~56.
[59]国家安全生产监督总局.防治煤与瓦斯突出规定[S].北京:煤炭工业出版社, 2009.
[60]郭学彬,张继春.爆破工程[M].北京:人民交通出版社, 2007.
[61]王佰顺,戴广龙,童云飞,等.深孔松动爆破提高瓦斯抽放率的应用研究[J].煤矿安全. 2002, (11): 5~7.
[62]于亚伦.工程爆破理论与技术[M].北京:冶金工业出版社, 2009.
[63]李红云,赵社戌,孙雁. ANSYS 10.0基础及工程应用[M].北京:机械工业出版社. 2008.
[64]尚晓江,苏建宇,王化锋,等. ANSYS/LS-DYNA动力分析方法与工程实例[M].北京:中国水利水电出版社, 2008.
[65]商跃进.有限元原理与ANSYS应用指南[M].北京:清华大学出版社, 2005.
[66]自金泽. LS-DYNA3D理论基础与实例分析[M].北京:科学出版社, 2005.
[67] LSTC. LS-DYNA keyword user’s manual[R]. California:Livermore Software Technology Corporation, 2003.
[68]马占国,茅献彪,李玉寿等.温度对煤力学特性影响的实验研究[J].矿山压力与顶板管理, 2005, (3): 46~48.
[69]吴基文,樊成.煤块抗拉强度的套筒致裂法实验室测定[J].煤田地质与勘探, 2003, 31(1): 17~19.
[70]许家林,钱鸣高,马文顶,等.岩层移动模拟研究中加载问题的探讨[J].中国矿业大学学报:自然科学版, 2001, 30(3): 252~255.
[71]陈晓祥,韦四江.采矿数值模拟研究中上部边界条件确定的探讨[J].河南理工大学学报:自然科学版, 2008, 27(3): 272~277.
[72]赵铮,陶钢,杜长星.爆轰产物JWL状态方程应用研究[J].高压物理学报, 2009, (8): 277~282.
[2]俞启香.矿井瓦斯防治[M].徐州:中国矿大出版社, 1992.
[3]于不凡.煤矿瓦斯灾害防治及利用技术手册[M].北京:煤炭工业出版社, 2005.
[4]何廷山.松动爆破及其防突作用原理初探[J].煤炭技术, 2004, 23(7): 105~106.
[5]张光林.深孔松动爆破防治煤与瓦斯突出的分析[J].工业安全与环保, 2002, 28(3): 17~21.
[6]张志呈.定向断裂控制爆破[M].重庆:重庆出版社, 2000.
[7] Koleky H. Stress Waves in Solid[M]. New York: Dover Publication, 1953.
[8]张继春,钮强.岩体爆破块度预测模型研究综述[J].爆破, 1992, 9(4): 63~69.
[9] Harries G. The use of a computer to describe blasting[C]. 15th APCOM symposium, Brisbane, 1977: 325~334.
[10] Harries G. A Mathematical Model of Cratering and Blasting[C]. National Symposium on Rock Fragmentation, Adelaide, 1973 41~54.
[11]张继春.节理岩体爆破的损伤机理及其块度模型[J].中国有色金属学报: 1999, 9(3): 666~671.
[12] Kipp M E and Grady D E. Numerical Studies of Rock Fragmentation[R]. Sandia Report SAND79-1582,1978.
[13] Taylor L M , Chen E P, Kuszmaul J S. Microcrack induced damage accumulation in brittle rock under dynamic loading[J] . Journal of Computer Methods in Applied Mechanics and Engineering, 1986 ,55(3) :301-320.
[14] Margolin L G et al. Numerical Simulation of Blast[C]. Proceedings of 1st Int Symp on Rock Frag by Blasting, 1985:203～210.
[15]杨军,王树仁.岩石爆破分形损伤模型研究[J],爆炸与冲击: 1996, 16(1), 5~10.
[16]赵伏军.松动爆破在煤矿开采中的应用[J].爆破, 2002, 19(l): 40~42.
[17]史雅语,金骥良,顾毅成.工程爆破实践[M].合肥:中国科学技术大学出版社, 2002.
[18]卢旭.数值模拟在松动爆破卸压技术中的应用[J].煤炭科学技术, 2005, 33(8): 21~23.
[19]东兆星,邵鹏.爆破工程[M].北京:中国建筑工业出版社, 2005.
[20] Talhi K T, Bensaker B. Design of a model blasting system to measure peak p-waves stress[J]. Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering, 2003, (23): 513~519.
[21]何广沂.大量石方松动控制爆破新技术[M].北京:中国铁道出版社, 1999.
[22]郭进平,聂兴信.新编爆破工程实用技术大全[M].北京:光明日报出版社, 2002.
[23] Bangash M Y H. Impact and Explosion Struetural Analysis and Design[M]. Great Britain: Blaekwell Scientific Publication, 1993.
[24]王家来,徐颖.应变波对岩体的损伤作用和爆生裂纹传播[J].爆炸与冲击, 1995, 15(3):212~216.
[25]肖正学.断裂控制爆破裂纹发展规律的研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报, 2002, 21(4): 546~549.
[26] Grine DR. Shock wave and the mechanieal ProPerties of solid[R]. MenloPark,Califona: Stanford Research Institute, 1971.
[27]张光林.深孔松动爆破防治煤与瓦斯突出的分析[J].工业安全与环保, 2002, 28(3): 17~21.
[28]卿光全.空孔导向作用探讨[J].爆破. 1990, 7(2): 23~26.
[29]伊藤一郎等.光面爆破理论研究[M].阜新矿业学院编, 1979
[30]石必明,俞启香.低透气性煤层深孔预裂控制松动爆破防突作用分析[J],建井技术. 2002, 23(5): 27~30.
[31]方昌才.突出煤层深孔预裂控制松动爆破防突技术研究[J].矿业安全与环保. 2004, (4): 21~23.
[32] Perrson P A, Lundborg N, Lohansson C H. The Basic Mechanisms in Rock Blasting[C]. :Proc 2th Congr Int Soc Rock Mech, Beograd,1970,19~3
[33]张电吉.爆破冲击作用下岩体破碎机理[J].矿山技术, 1991, (4): 36~38.
[34]王文龙.钻眼爆破[M].北京:煤炭工业出版社, 1984.
[35]戴俊.岩石动力学特性与爆破理论[M].北京:冶金工业出版社. 2002.
[36]魏殿志.爆炸冲击波对煤体的变形和破坏作用分析[J].中国煤炭,2004(30). 2002.
[37]马建军,程良奎,蔡路军.爆破应力波的传播及其远区破坏效应研究现状述评[J].爆破, 2005,22(2): 17~21.
[38]马建军.爆破应力波中远区破岩作用分析[J].武汉科技大学学报, 2005,(28)2. 182~184.
[39]王家来.应力波对岩石的损伤及其在成缝中的作用[J].爆破, 1995(6): 6~9.
[40]庄茁,蒋持平.工程断裂与损伤[M].北京:机械工业出版社. 2004.
[41]张志呈.岩石爆破裂纹的起裂、扩展、分岔与止裂[J].爆破, 1999(4): 15~24..
[42]许红涛,卢文波,邹奕芳.钻孔爆破中环向裂纹形成机理的研究[J].工程爆破, 2003, 9(3): 7~11.
[43]秦虑,汪旭光.断裂爆破新技术的研究与应用[J].有色金属(矿山部分): 1994. (5): 26~30.
[44] Grine D R.Shock wave and the mechanical Properties of solid[R]. Menlo Park, Califonia:Stanford Research Institute, 1971.
[45]李庆芬.断裂力学及其工程应用[M].哈尔滨:哈尔滨工业大学出版社, 1998.
[46]姜彦忠.爆破技术基础[M].北京:中国铁道出版社1999.
[47]岳中文,杨仁树,郭东明,等.爆炸应力波作用下缺陷介质裂纹扩展的动态分析[J].岩土力学, 2009, 30(4): 949~954.
[48]邵鹏,东兆星.控制爆破技术[M].徐州:中国矿业大学出版社, 2004.
[49]杨善本.煤岩体爆破动力学基础[M].北京:煤炭工业出版社, 1993.
[50]王志亮,李其中,张莉聪.煤层预裂爆破应力波破坏范围的探讨[J].煤炭科技, 2010, (3): 52~53.
[51]高金石.准静压力作用下岩石爆破成缝方向与机理研究[J].爆炸与冲击, 1988, (3):21~23.
[52]宗琦.刻槽爆破成缝规律及其动态效应[J].爆破, 1997, 14(1):1~4.
[53]杨小林,王梦恕.爆生气体作用下岩石裂纹的扩展机理[J].爆炸与冲击, 2001, (4): 111~112.
[54]凌伟明.爆生气体在光面爆破中的作用[J].煤炭学报, 1990, (4): 73~82.
[55]王仲琦,张奇,白春华.孔深爆破影响爆炸应力波特性的数值分析[J].岩石力学与工程学报.2002, 21(4): 550~553.
[56]龚敏,王德胜,黄毅华,等.突出煤层深孔控制爆破时控制孔的作用[J].爆炸与冲击, 2008, 28(4): 310~315.
[57]谢友友,张连军,林柏泉,等.穿层深孔控制爆破有效影响半径的确定[J].煤矿安全, 2008, (11):12~14.
[58]徐书谦,李敏.深孔松动爆破在预防掘进工作面煤与瓦斯突出中的应用[J].煤炭科技, 2007, (6): 54~56.
[59]国家安全生产监督总局.防治煤与瓦斯突出规定[S].北京:煤炭工业出版社, 2009.
[60]郭学彬,张继春.爆破工程[M].北京:人民交通出版社, 2007.
[61]王佰顺,戴广龙,童云飞,等.深孔松动爆破提高瓦斯抽放率的应用研究[J].煤矿安全. 2002, (11): 5~7.
[62]于亚伦.工程爆破理论与技术[M].北京:冶金工业出版社, 2009.
[63]李红云,赵社戌,孙雁. ANSYS 10.0基础及工程应用[M].北京:机械工业出版社. 2008.
[64]尚晓江,苏建宇,王化锋,等. ANSYS/LS-DYNA动力分析方法与工程实例[M].北京:中国水利水电出版社, 2008.
[65]商跃进.有限元原理与ANSYS应用指南[M].北京:清华大学出版社, 2005.
[66]自金泽. LS-DYNA3D理论基础与实例分析[M].北京:科学出版社, 2005.
[67] LSTC. LS-DYNA keyword user’s manual[R]. California:Livermore Software Technology Corporation, 2003.
[68]马占国,茅献彪,李玉寿等.温度对煤力学特性影响的实验研究[J].矿山压力与顶板管理, 2005, (3): 46~48.
[69]吴基文,樊成.煤块抗拉强度的套筒致裂法实验室测定[J].煤田地质与勘探, 2003, 31(1): 17~19.
[70]许家林,钱鸣高,马文顶,等.岩层移动模拟研究中加载问题的探讨[J].中国矿业大学学报:自然科学版, 2001, 30(3): 252~255.
[71]陈晓祥,韦四江.采矿数值模拟研究中上部边界条件确定的探讨[J].河南理工大学学报:自然科学版, 2008, 27(3): 272~277.
[72]赵铮,陶钢,杜长星.爆轰产物JWL状态方程应用研究[J].高压物理学报, 2009, (8): 277~282.