西安三维水文地质结构可视化模型的研建
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摘要
近年来,三维地质建模与可视化技术发展迅速,并已成为地学领域的研究热点之一。利用三维地质建模与可视化软件的强大功能,可以构建三维水文地质结构可视化模型,从而清晰地展示地质、水文地质的空间结构信息并实现可视化。然而,相对于三维地质建模与可视化技术在地质领域的应用来说,其在水文地质领域的应用比较晚、也不很广泛。
作为三维地质建模与可视化技术在水文地质领域应用的一次尝试,本文以西安为研究区,通过系统地分析、整理研究区内前人的地质、水文地质研究成果,利用先进的三维地质建模软件—环境可视化系统软件EVS-Pro(Environmental VisualizationSystem),首次构建了西安三维水文地质结构可视化模型。该模型具有的主要功能如下:
(1)可以全方位、多角度地展示西安三维水文地质结构体整体形态并实现三维可视化。
(2)可以演示西安单个含(弱透)水层的三维结构,详尽地展示各个含(弱透)水层的构造形态并实现三维可视化。
(3)可以展示任意X处(公里网坐标横坐标)的南北向剖面、任意Y处(公里网坐标纵坐标)的东西向剖面。
(4)可以生成由多个X处的南北向剖面、多个Y处的东西向剖面组合而成的三维可视化栅栏图,从而清楚地显示西安三维水文地质结构可视化模型内部的各个细节。
通过构建的西安三维水文地质结构可视化模型,不仅可以直观地分析西安地下水的赋存空间,还可以对西安地下水开采(尤其是承压水开采)与开采引起的西安地面沉降等地质环境灾害之间的关系进行分析,为准确地评价、规划和管理西安的地下水资源打下重要的水文地质基础。
In recent years, three-dimensional geological modeling and visualization is developing rapidly and has become a hot research field of the earth science. Using the power of the three-dimensional geological modeling and visualization software, we can build a three-dimensional hydrogeological structure visualization model. The model can clearly display the spatial structure information of the geology and hydrogeology and achieve visualization. However, the appliance of the three-dimensional geological modeling and visualization in the field of hydrogeology is later and not very extensive, compared with its appliance in the field of geology.
This paper is an attempt of the three-dimensional geological modeling and visualization in the field of hydrogeology. In this paper, xi'an is the study area.We analyze the previous geological and hydrogeological research results of the study area, firstly build the three-dimensional hydrogeological structure visualization model in xi'an, using the advanced three-dimensional geological modeling software—Environmental Visualization System(EVS-Pro). The main functions of the model are as follows:
(1) The model can omni-directionally and multi-angle display the overall shape of the three-dimensional hydrogeological structure model in xi'an and achieve its three-dimensional visualization.
(2) The model can display the three-dimensional structure of the single aquifer (weak permeability) in Xi'an and achieve its three-dimensional visualization.
(3) The model can display the north-south profile at any X position (Km network coordinates abscissa) and the east-west profile at any Y position (Km network coordinates ordinate).
(4) The model can also generate the three-dimensional visualization fence diagrams by the combination of profiles at many X and Y positions. It can clearly show the internal details of the three-dimensional hydrogeological structure visualization modle in Xi'an.
By the three-dimensional hydrogeological structure visualization model in xi'an, we can not only directly analyze Xi'an geological structure with groundwater, but also can analyze the relations between the exploitation of Xi'an groundwater, especially the confined water and the land subsidence caused by the exploitation of groundwater. The model lay an important hydrogeological basis for the accurate assessment, planning and management of the groundwater resources in Xi'an.
作为三维地质建模与可视化技术在水文地质领域应用的一次尝试,本文以西安为研究区,通过系统地分析、整理研究区内前人的地质、水文地质研究成果,利用先进的三维地质建模软件—环境可视化系统软件EVS-Pro(Environmental VisualizationSystem),首次构建了西安三维水文地质结构可视化模型。该模型具有的主要功能如下:
(1)可以全方位、多角度地展示西安三维水文地质结构体整体形态并实现三维可视化。
(2)可以演示西安单个含(弱透)水层的三维结构,详尽地展示各个含(弱透)水层的构造形态并实现三维可视化。
(3)可以展示任意X处(公里网坐标横坐标)的南北向剖面、任意Y处(公里网坐标纵坐标)的东西向剖面。
(4)可以生成由多个X处的南北向剖面、多个Y处的东西向剖面组合而成的三维可视化栅栏图,从而清楚地显示西安三维水文地质结构可视化模型内部的各个细节。
通过构建的西安三维水文地质结构可视化模型,不仅可以直观地分析西安地下水的赋存空间,还可以对西安地下水开采(尤其是承压水开采)与开采引起的西安地面沉降等地质环境灾害之间的关系进行分析,为准确地评价、规划和管理西安的地下水资源打下重要的水文地质基础。
In recent years, three-dimensional geological modeling and visualization is developing rapidly and has become a hot research field of the earth science. Using the power of the three-dimensional geological modeling and visualization software, we can build a three-dimensional hydrogeological structure visualization model. The model can clearly display the spatial structure information of the geology and hydrogeology and achieve visualization. However, the appliance of the three-dimensional geological modeling and visualization in the field of hydrogeology is later and not very extensive, compared with its appliance in the field of geology.
This paper is an attempt of the three-dimensional geological modeling and visualization in the field of hydrogeology. In this paper, xi'an is the study area.We analyze the previous geological and hydrogeological research results of the study area, firstly build the three-dimensional hydrogeological structure visualization model in xi'an, using the advanced three-dimensional geological modeling software—Environmental Visualization System(EVS-Pro). The main functions of the model are as follows:
(1) The model can omni-directionally and multi-angle display the overall shape of the three-dimensional hydrogeological structure model in xi'an and achieve its three-dimensional visualization.
(2) The model can display the three-dimensional structure of the single aquifer (weak permeability) in Xi'an and achieve its three-dimensional visualization.
(3) The model can display the north-south profile at any X position (Km network coordinates abscissa) and the east-west profile at any Y position (Km network coordinates ordinate).
(4) The model can also generate the three-dimensional visualization fence diagrams by the combination of profiles at many X and Y positions. It can clearly show the internal details of the three-dimensional hydrogeological structure visualization modle in Xi'an.
By the three-dimensional hydrogeological structure visualization model in xi'an, we can not only directly analyze Xi'an geological structure with groundwater, but also can analyze the relations between the exploitation of Xi'an groundwater, especially the confined water and the land subsidence caused by the exploitation of groundwater. The model lay an important hydrogeological basis for the accurate assessment, planning and management of the groundwater resources in Xi'an.
引文
[1]刘洁．西安市区地下水开发与地质环境协调性研究[D]．西安：陕西师范大学，2000．
[2]Simon W.Houlding. 3D Geoscience modeling: Computer Techniques for Geological Characterization[M]. London: Springer-Verlag, 1993.1-2
[3]Carlson E. Three Dimensional Conceptual Modeling of Subsurface Structures[J]. ASPRS AGSM, Annual Convention,1987(4):188-200
[4]管伟光．体视化技术及其应用[M]．北京：电子工业出版社．1998．3-5
[5]方海东，刘义怀，施斌，等．三维地质建模及其工程应用[J]．水文地质工程地质，2002，3：52-55
[6]侯恩科，吴立新．三维地学模拟几个方面的研究现状与发展趋势[J]．煤田地质与勘探，2000，28(6)：5-7
[7]Ross, M. Parent, M. Michaud, etc. On the construction of 3D geological models for applications in regional hydrogeology in complex Quaternary terrains of eastern Canada[OL].http://www.isgs.illinois.edu/research/3DWorkshop/2001/pdf-files/ross-parent_michau d-boisvert_girard_quebec_abs.pdf.
[8]Arthur, J.D., J.Cichon, A.Baker, etc. Hydrogeologic mapping and aquifer vulnerability modeling in Florida: 2D and 3D data analysis and visualization [OL].http://www.isgs.illinois.edu/research/3DWorkshop/2002/pdf-files/arthur_abs.pdf
[9]Olyphant, G.A. and K.M. Spindler. A Coupled Geologic-Hydrologic Model of a Glacial-Lacustrine Aquifer system in Northwest Indiana: Model Development and Results of a preliminary simulation.[OL].http://www.isgs.illinois.edu/research/3DWorkshop/2002/pdf-files/olyphant_abs.pdf
[10]Artimo, A., S.Sarapera, I. Ylander. Utilization of 3D geologic modeling in a large-scale water supply project in southwestern Finland[OL].http://www.isgs.illinois.edu/research/3DWorkshop/2004/pdf-files/artimo_abs.pdf
[11]Kassenaar, D., R.Gerber, S. Holysh. Merging Conceptual Insight and Secondary Indicators into the Hydrogeologic Modeling Process: Example from the Oak Ridges Moraine, southern Ontario [OL].http://www.isgs.illinois.edu/research/3DWorkshop/2004/pdf-files/kassenaar_abs.pdf
[12]Martin Ross, Michel Parent, Rene Lefebvre. 3D geologic framework models for regional hydrogeology and land-use management: a case study from a Quaternary basin of southwestern Quebec, Canada[J].Hydrogeology Journal(2005) 13:690-707
[13]L.Harvey Thorleifson, James A.Berg, Robert GTipping, etc. 3D Geological Modeling in support of groundwater inventory in the Fargo-Moorhead region, Minnesota and north Dokota [OL].http://www.isgs.illinois.edu/research/3DWorkshop/2005/pdf-files/thorleifson2005.pdf
[14]Alfonso Rivera. Groundwater Modeling: From Geology To Hydrogeology[OL].http://www.isgs.illinois.edu/research/3DWorkshop/2007/pdf-files/rivera.pdf
[15]容玲聪．三维地质模型软件[J]．中国矿业，1999，8(3)：24-27
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[17]曹代勇，李青元，朱小弟，等．地质构造三维可视化模型探讨[J]．地质与勘探,2001，37(4)：60-62
[18]王建，黄毓瑜，金勇，等．基于测井数据的三维地质模型构建与可视化[J]．测井技术,2003，27(5)：410-412
[19]颜辉武，祝国瑞，徐智勇，等．基于Kriging水文地质层的三维建模与体视化[J]．武汉大学 学报(信息科学版),2004,29(7):611-614
[20]焦养泉,朱培民,等.地学空间信息三维建模与可视化-鄂尔多斯盆地及相关领域的实践[M].北京:科学出版社,2005:73-167
[21]孟凡利.基于钻孔数据的三维地层模型构建方法研究[D].西安:西安科技大学,2006
[22]郭甲腾.基于剖面的三维地质建模与可视化研究[D].沈阳:东北大学,2006
[23]段青梅.西辽河平原三维地质建模及地下水数值模拟研究[D].北京:中国地质大学(北京),2006
[24]谢轶,苏小四,高淑琴.基于GMS支持下的大庆地下水库区水文地质结构可视化模型[J].吉林大学学报(地球科学版),2006,36,增刊:51-54
[25]梁煦枫,王文科,曾永刚.GMS在水文地质结构可视化方面的应用[J].东北水利水电,2006,24(266):64-67
[26]刘天霸,张永波,费宇红,等.华北平原三维水文地质建模及其可视化研究[J].水科学与工程技术,2007,2:44-46
[27]刘天霸.三维水文地质建模及其可视化研究[D].北京:中国地质科学院,2007
[28]王瑞.三维地质模型可视化交互系统[D].成都:成都理工大学,2005
[29]胡金星,吴立新,高卫贞,等.三维地学模拟体视化技术的应用研究[J].煤炭学报,1999,24(4):345-349
[30]龚绪龙.区域松散介质三维地质建模研究--以山西临汾盆地为例[D].武汉:中国地质大学(武汉),2007.
[31]杨兰合。水文地质模型的研究[J].山东矿业学院学报,1995,14(2):133-140
[32]牛文杰,朱大培,陈其明.三维地质模型建模系统的研究与实现[J].计算机工程与应用,2002,16:179-182
[33]禹东方,陈学习.三维地质模型的交互可视化实现方法[J].煤炭科学技术,2006,34(11):52-56
[34]朱良峰,潘信,吴信才.三维地质建模及可视化系统的设计与开发[J].岩土力学,2006,27(5):828-832
[35]陕西省地质矿产勘查开发局第一水文地质工程地质队.西安地区地下水资源勘察报告[R].西安:1988.
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[2]Simon W.Houlding. 3D Geoscience modeling: Computer Techniques for Geological Characterization[M]. London: Springer-Verlag, 1993.1-2
[3]Carlson E. Three Dimensional Conceptual Modeling of Subsurface Structures[J]. ASPRS AGSM, Annual Convention,1987(4):188-200
[4]管伟光．体视化技术及其应用[M]．北京：电子工业出版社．1998．3-5
[5]方海东，刘义怀，施斌，等．三维地质建模及其工程应用[J]．水文地质工程地质，2002，3：52-55
[6]侯恩科，吴立新．三维地学模拟几个方面的研究现状与发展趋势[J]．煤田地质与勘探，2000，28(6)：5-7
[7]Ross, M. Parent, M. Michaud, etc. On the construction of 3D geological models for applications in regional hydrogeology in complex Quaternary terrains of eastern Canada[OL].http://www.isgs.illinois.edu/research/3DWorkshop/2001/pdf-files/ross-parent_michau d-boisvert_girard_quebec_abs.pdf.
[8]Arthur, J.D., J.Cichon, A.Baker, etc. Hydrogeologic mapping and aquifer vulnerability modeling in Florida: 2D and 3D data analysis and visualization [OL].http://www.isgs.illinois.edu/research/3DWorkshop/2002/pdf-files/arthur_abs.pdf
[9]Olyphant, G.A. and K.M. Spindler. A Coupled Geologic-Hydrologic Model of a Glacial-Lacustrine Aquifer system in Northwest Indiana: Model Development and Results of a preliminary simulation.[OL].http://www.isgs.illinois.edu/research/3DWorkshop/2002/pdf-files/olyphant_abs.pdf
[10]Artimo, A., S.Sarapera, I. Ylander. Utilization of 3D geologic modeling in a large-scale water supply project in southwestern Finland[OL].http://www.isgs.illinois.edu/research/3DWorkshop/2004/pdf-files/artimo_abs.pdf
[11]Kassenaar, D., R.Gerber, S. Holysh. Merging Conceptual Insight and Secondary Indicators into the Hydrogeologic Modeling Process: Example from the Oak Ridges Moraine, southern Ontario [OL].http://www.isgs.illinois.edu/research/3DWorkshop/2004/pdf-files/kassenaar_abs.pdf
[12]Martin Ross, Michel Parent, Rene Lefebvre. 3D geologic framework models for regional hydrogeology and land-use management: a case study from a Quaternary basin of southwestern Quebec, Canada[J].Hydrogeology Journal(2005) 13:690-707
[13]L.Harvey Thorleifson, James A.Berg, Robert GTipping, etc. 3D Geological Modeling in support of groundwater inventory in the Fargo-Moorhead region, Minnesota and north Dokota [OL].http://www.isgs.illinois.edu/research/3DWorkshop/2005/pdf-files/thorleifson2005.pdf
[14]Alfonso Rivera. Groundwater Modeling: From Geology To Hydrogeology[OL].http://www.isgs.illinois.edu/research/3DWorkshop/2007/pdf-files/rivera.pdf
[15]容玲聪．三维地质模型软件[J]．中国矿业，1999，8(3)：24-27
[16]曹代勇，朱小弟，李青元．OpenGL在三维地质模型可视化中的应用[J]．中国煤田地质,2000，12(4)：20-23
[17]曹代勇，李青元，朱小弟，等．地质构造三维可视化模型探讨[J]．地质与勘探,2001，37(4)：60-62
[18]王建，黄毓瑜，金勇，等．基于测井数据的三维地质模型构建与可视化[J]．测井技术,2003，27(5)：410-412
[19]颜辉武，祝国瑞，徐智勇，等．基于Kriging水文地质层的三维建模与体视化[J]．武汉大学 学报(信息科学版),2004,29(7):611-614
[20]焦养泉,朱培民,等.地学空间信息三维建模与可视化-鄂尔多斯盆地及相关领域的实践[M].北京:科学出版社,2005:73-167
[21]孟凡利.基于钻孔数据的三维地层模型构建方法研究[D].西安:西安科技大学,2006
[22]郭甲腾.基于剖面的三维地质建模与可视化研究[D].沈阳:东北大学,2006
[23]段青梅.西辽河平原三维地质建模及地下水数值模拟研究[D].北京:中国地质大学(北京),2006
[24]谢轶,苏小四,高淑琴.基于GMS支持下的大庆地下水库区水文地质结构可视化模型[J].吉林大学学报(地球科学版),2006,36,增刊:51-54
[25]梁煦枫,王文科,曾永刚.GMS在水文地质结构可视化方面的应用[J].东北水利水电,2006,24(266):64-67
[26]刘天霸,张永波,费宇红,等.华北平原三维水文地质建模及其可视化研究[J].水科学与工程技术,2007,2:44-46
[27]刘天霸.三维水文地质建模及其可视化研究[D].北京:中国地质科学院,2007
[28]王瑞.三维地质模型可视化交互系统[D].成都:成都理工大学,2005
[29]胡金星,吴立新,高卫贞,等.三维地学模拟体视化技术的应用研究[J].煤炭学报,1999,24(4):345-349
[30]龚绪龙.区域松散介质三维地质建模研究--以山西临汾盆地为例[D].武汉:中国地质大学(武汉),2007.
[31]杨兰合。水文地质模型的研究[J].山东矿业学院学报,1995,14(2):133-140
[32]牛文杰,朱大培,陈其明.三维地质模型建模系统的研究与实现[J].计算机工程与应用,2002,16:179-182
[33]禹东方,陈学习.三维地质模型的交互可视化实现方法[J].煤炭科学技术,2006,34(11):52-56
[34]朱良峰,潘信,吴信才.三维地质建模及可视化系统的设计与开发[J].岩土力学,2006,27(5):828-832
[35]陕西省地质矿产勘查开发局第一水文地质工程地质队.西安地区地下水资源勘察报告[R].西安:1988.
[36]彭建兵,张骏,苏生瑞,等.渭河盆地活动断裂与地质灾害[M].西安:西北大学出版社,1992
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