低渗煤层注气抽采瓦斯数值模拟研究
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摘要
中国是煤炭工业大国,瓦斯资源非常丰富,但煤层瓦斯储层普遍属于低渗透储层,且传统的煤层瓦斯抽采方法的采收率低,采气时间较长,经济效益较差。煤层瓦斯抽采率低的直接后果是煤矿瓦斯灾害频发、采煤效率低、环境污染等。面对我国绝大多数煤层渗透率较低的特点和煤矿瓦斯抽采率低的现状,建议采用注气驱替煤层瓦斯,来提高煤层瓦斯的产气速度与采收率。注气抽采瓦斯被认为是有较好前景的煤层瓦斯抽采技术。
本文应用瓦斯地质学、多相气体渗流和扩散、固体力学、数值分析等理论在总结前人已有的研究结果的基础上,根据瓦斯储层特性,将煤层抽象为双孔隙度单渗透率的双重介质模型,研究了瓦斯解吸、扩散、渗流机理,并在研究注气抽采瓦斯机理的基础上,建立了双重介质煤层注气抽采模拟的二维模型,并对瓦斯流动特征变化进行了分析。主要取得的研究成果和认识如下:(1)结合我国低渗煤层的实际,注气瓦斯抽采是一种非常有效的手段,能够在不伤害瓦斯储层的前提下提高瓦斯抽采效果,较水力压裂效果好;(2)在瓦斯抽采的影响因素中,瓦斯压力梯度和浓度梯度是瓦斯解吸的重要因素,使瓦斯压力梯度保持在一定范围,才能使更多的瓦斯解吸出来;(3)建立了低渗煤层注气抽采瓦斯的模型,考虑了无注气抽采条件和注气抽采瓦斯条件两种条件,证明了注气可以提高瓦斯抽采效果,并分析了注气对瓦斯压力和浓度的影响。本文经过数值模拟表明注气抽采瓦斯措施对低渗煤层具有较好的效果。
China is a big coal industry country ,the coal-bed methane resources very rich,however,coal-bed methane reservoirs are low-permeability reservoir,which is different from the U.S coal-bed geological conditions,and the traditional coalbed methane exploitation methods are lower productivity,longer recovering period and poor economic are poorer.The direct consequences of low recovery ratio of coal-bed methane are gas disaster-prone,inefficient mining,resources waste and environmental pollution. based on the low permeability characteistic of most coal-bed and corrent ststus of low recovery ratio of coal-bed methane in china,the corbon dioxide enhanced coal-bed methane technology has been suggested for the purpose of enhancing coal-bed mehtane recovery ratio.Gas injection and methane drainage technology is considered a better prospect coal-bed methane exploitation technology.
This paper applied the gas geology, multiphase gas seepage and diffusion, solid mechanics, numerical analysis theory in the summary of the existing research results of predecessors, based on the gas reservoir property, will double porosity coal abstracted as dual medium model of single permeability, studies the gas desorption, diffusion, percolation mechanism, and in research note gas extraction mechanism is established, on the basis of the dual medium coal seam gas injection extraction simulation of two-dimensional model of gas flow characteristic, and the changes were analyzed. Main obtains the research achievements and known as follows:(1) In combination with the actual, low permeability coal seam gas extraction gas injection is a kind of very effective means to be hurting the gas reservoir premise improve gas extraction effect, a hydraulic fracturing effect is good; (2) In the gas extraction in the influential factors, gas pressure gradient and concentration gradient is the important factors, gas recorery gas pressure gradient to remain in a certain range, can make more gas recorery out. (3) Establish a low permeability coal seam gas extraction gas injection, considering the model, without note gas extraction conditions and note gas extraction gas conditions, proved two conditions can improve gas injection gas extraction, and analyzes the effect of gas gas injection pressure and concentration of influence. Note gas extraction coal gas measures aiming at characteristics of low permeability and has a good effect.
本文应用瓦斯地质学、多相气体渗流和扩散、固体力学、数值分析等理论在总结前人已有的研究结果的基础上,根据瓦斯储层特性,将煤层抽象为双孔隙度单渗透率的双重介质模型,研究了瓦斯解吸、扩散、渗流机理,并在研究注气抽采瓦斯机理的基础上,建立了双重介质煤层注气抽采模拟的二维模型,并对瓦斯流动特征变化进行了分析。主要取得的研究成果和认识如下:(1)结合我国低渗煤层的实际,注气瓦斯抽采是一种非常有效的手段,能够在不伤害瓦斯储层的前提下提高瓦斯抽采效果,较水力压裂效果好;(2)在瓦斯抽采的影响因素中,瓦斯压力梯度和浓度梯度是瓦斯解吸的重要因素,使瓦斯压力梯度保持在一定范围,才能使更多的瓦斯解吸出来;(3)建立了低渗煤层注气抽采瓦斯的模型,考虑了无注气抽采条件和注气抽采瓦斯条件两种条件,证明了注气可以提高瓦斯抽采效果,并分析了注气对瓦斯压力和浓度的影响。本文经过数值模拟表明注气抽采瓦斯措施对低渗煤层具有较好的效果。
China is a big coal industry country ,the coal-bed methane resources very rich,however,coal-bed methane reservoirs are low-permeability reservoir,which is different from the U.S coal-bed geological conditions,and the traditional coalbed methane exploitation methods are lower productivity,longer recovering period and poor economic are poorer.The direct consequences of low recovery ratio of coal-bed methane are gas disaster-prone,inefficient mining,resources waste and environmental pollution. based on the low permeability characteistic of most coal-bed and corrent ststus of low recovery ratio of coal-bed methane in china,the corbon dioxide enhanced coal-bed methane technology has been suggested for the purpose of enhancing coal-bed mehtane recovery ratio.Gas injection and methane drainage technology is considered a better prospect coal-bed methane exploitation technology.
This paper applied the gas geology, multiphase gas seepage and diffusion, solid mechanics, numerical analysis theory in the summary of the existing research results of predecessors, based on the gas reservoir property, will double porosity coal abstracted as dual medium model of single permeability, studies the gas desorption, diffusion, percolation mechanism, and in research note gas extraction mechanism is established, on the basis of the dual medium coal seam gas injection extraction simulation of two-dimensional model of gas flow characteristic, and the changes were analyzed. Main obtains the research achievements and known as follows:(1) In combination with the actual, low permeability coal seam gas extraction gas injection is a kind of very effective means to be hurting the gas reservoir premise improve gas extraction effect, a hydraulic fracturing effect is good; (2) In the gas extraction in the influential factors, gas pressure gradient and concentration gradient is the important factors, gas recorery gas pressure gradient to remain in a certain range, can make more gas recorery out. (3) Establish a low permeability coal seam gas extraction gas injection, considering the model, without note gas extraction conditions and note gas extraction gas conditions, proved two conditions can improve gas injection gas extraction, and analyzes the effect of gas gas injection pressure and concentration of influence. Note gas extraction coal gas measures aiming at characteristics of low permeability and has a good effect.
引文
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[37] TerzaghiK Theoretical Soil Mechanics.Wily,Newyork,1943.
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[40] NOVEM Technical Report,Contract no.234130/9001,TU Delft,Delft.
[41] Bond RL,1967,Porous carbon solids,London.
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[2]鲜学福,我国煤层气开采利用现状及其产业化展望,重庆大学学报,Vol.23, 2000.
[3]李希建,徐明智.近年我国煤与瓦斯突出事故统计分析及其防治措施[J].矿山机械,2010,38(10):13-16.
[4]李相臣,康毅力;生物酶提高低渗储层煤层气采收率技术浅析[A];2009年第三届油气田开发技术大会论文集,[C];2009.
[5]冯文光,中国应尽快实现低渗煤层气藏工业化生产,天然气工业,2001.1.
[6]叶建平等,中国煤储层渗透性及其主要影响因素[J],煤炭学报,1999,24 (2).
[7]陈永武,中国煤层气产业形成和发展面临的机遇与挑战,天然气工业,2000,20(4).
[8]冯文光,非达西低速渗流的研究现状与进展[J],石油勘探与开发,1986,13( 4):76 ~ 80.
[9]张新民等,中国煤层瓦斯资源的分布特征及对策,煤层气开发与利用,国际会议论文集,北京:1995.
[10] Mavor,M.J.,Pratt,T.J.and Nelson,C.R.:"Quantitative Evaluation of Coal Seam Gas Content Estimate Accuracy,”Paper SPE 29577 presented at the 1995 SPE Joint Rocky Mountain Regional/Low-Permeability Reservoirs Symp.,Denver,CO,20-22 March 1995.
[11] Barzandji OH, Wolf K-HAA and Bruining J, 2000, Combination of laboratory experiments and field simulations on the improvement of CBM production by CO2 injection,in proceedings of Second International Conference on Methane Mitigation,Novosibirsk,pp325-336.
[12] Blok K,Williams RH,Katofsky RE and Hendriks CA,1997,Hydrogen production from natural gas,sequestration of recovered CO2 in depleted gas wells and enhanced natural gas recovery,Energy,the International journal,22:161- 168.
[13] Stevens SH and Pekot L,1999,CO2 injection for enhanced coalbed methane recovery: Project screening and design,inproceedings of Coalbed Methane Symposium,Tuscaloosa.
[14]陈昌国,鲜学福.煤结构研究及发展.煤炭转化,1998,21 (4) :7-13.
[15]张代钧鲜学福,煤大分子结构研究的进展.重庆大学学报,1993,16(2):58-63.
[16]赵阳升,矿山岩石流体力学,煤炭工业出版社,1994.
[17]唐书恒,韩德馨.煤对多元气体的吸附一解吸试验.煤炭科学技术,2002,30(1):58-61.
[18]唐书恒.晋城地区煤储层特征及多元气体吸附解吸特性[D].北京:中国矿业大学(北京校区),博士学位论文.2001.
[19]艾鲁尼著.煤矿瓦斯动力现象的预测和预防[M].唐修义,宋德淑,王荣龙译.北京:煤炭工业出版社,1992.
[20]王兆丰,田富超,赵彬等.羽状千米长钻孔抽采效果考察试验.煤炭学报,2010,35(7):76-79.
[21] Harpalani S and Pariti U M.Study of coal sorption isotherm using a mu[ticomponent gas mixture[A].1993 International Coalbed Methane Symposium[C].
[22] Arri L E,Yee D,Morgan W D,and Jeansonne M W.Modeling eoalbed methane production with binary gas sorption[A].SPE paper 24363,SPE Rocky Mountain Regional Meeting[c],Casper, Wyoming,1992.
[23] Deo M D,Whitney E M and Bodily D M.A muhicomponent model for combed gas drainage.Proceedings of the 1993 International Coalbed Methane Symposium.
[24] Yee D,Arri L E and Morgan W D.Binary gas sorption on coal and its influence on produced gas composition.Geological Society of America,Annual Meeting,Octomber.
[25] Seidle J.P.Arri L.E.Use of Conventional Reservoir Models for Coalbed Methane Simulation.CIM/SPE Paper 90118.
[26] Thomas Advanced Large-Scale Coalbed Methane Modeling Using Conventional Reservoir Simulator.SPE Paper 75672
[27] Arri L.E.,Yee D.et a1.Modeling Coalbed Methane Production With Binary Gas Sorption.SPE Paper 24363.
[28] Scott Reeves.Advanced Reservoir Modeling In Desorption-Controlled Reservoirs.SPE Paper 71090.
[29] King G.R.and Ertekin T.M.A survey of mathematical models related to methane production from coal seams,PartⅠ:Empirical&equilibrium sorption models[C].Proceedings of the 1989 Coalbed Methane Symposium,the University of Alabama/Tuscaloosa,April 17.20.1989:125-138.
[30] Airey E . M . Gas emission from broken coal : an experimental and theoretical investigation[J].International Journal of Rock Mechanics and Mining sciences,1968:475-494.
[31] Price H.S.,McCulloch R.C.eta1.A computer model study of methane migration in coalbeds[C].The Canadian Mining and Metallurgical Bulletin,1973,66(737):103-112.
[32] Pavone A.M.and Schwerer F.C.Development of coal gas production simulators and mathematical models for well test strategies[R].Final Report under GRI Contract Number 5081-321-0457,April,1984.
[33] ICF Lewin Energy.Coalbed methane reservoir modeling[R].Short Course for GRI,1987.
[34] Paul G.W,Sawyer W.K,Dean R H.Validation of 3D coalbed simulators[C].Paper SPE2-0733.
[35] Goodman RE Methods of geological engineering in dis -continuous rocks West Publishing Company,1977.
[36] BrooksJ D andS mith J W, The diageos tso fp lantldsd uring the formation of coal,petroleum and naturalgas hydrocarbons Deochimica et cosmochimica Asia,1967,31:2389一2397.
[37] TerzaghiK Theoretical Soil Mechanics.Wily,Newyork,1943.
[38] Arri LE,Yee D,Morgan WD and jeausonne MW,1992,Modelling coalbed methane production with binary gas sorption,in proceedings of SPE Rocky Mountains Regional Meeting,SPE 24363,Society of Petroleum Engineers,Casper,pp459-472.
[39] Bertheux WB,Wolf K-HAA,Barzandji OH and Bruining J,2000,CO2- Enhanced coalbed methane production in dry and water saturated coals exp eriments,simulations and image analysis.
[40] NOVEM Technical Report,Contract no.234130/9001,TU Delft,Delft.
[41] Bond RL,1967,Porous carbon solids,London.
[42] Brande S,Chernov N and Turner M,1999, Fracture analysis form coal fragment shape:Digital image processing and the geometry of particle perimeters,Draft:to be submitted to the International Journal of Coal Geology.
[43] EPA,1997,A guide to financing coalbed methane projects,US Environmental Protection Agency.Faaij A,Meuleman Band van Ree R,1998,Long term perspectives of biomass integrated gasification with combined cycle technology,Novem,Utrecht,93 pp.+ annexes.
[44] Farla JCM,Hendriks CA and Blok K,1995,Carbon dioxide recovery from industrial processes,Climatic Change,29:439-461.
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