矿用低压馈电开关综合保护系统的研究
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摘要
随着煤炭工业的发展和采煤自动化技术的不断提高,对煤矿井下供电系统的可靠性、安全性和连续性提出了越来越高的要求。矿用低压馈电开关是煤矿井下低压电网中的关键配电设备,其性能好坏直接影响着煤矿生产的安全性和连续性,而矿用低压馈电开关的智能化程度主要取决于保护系统的可靠性和灵敏性。因此对矿用低压馈电开关综合保护系统的研究具有重要的现实意义。
本文在查阅国内外文献的基础上,系统地研究了基于PLC控制的矿用低压馈电开关综合保护系统,主要内容如下:
首先分析了煤矿井下供电系统的特点,介绍了国内外矿用低压馈电开关的发展情况,指出了目前矿井低压电网保护所存在的问题,并根据《煤矿安全规程》规定,给出了矿用低压馈电开关综合保护系统的基本要求。根据保护系统的技术要求,系统地分析了低压电网中漏电、短路、过载、过压与欠压等常见故障的产生原因和故障特征,并介绍了相应的故障检测原理。
在简单介绍了PLC的发展与特点的基础上,选定了PLC作为中央控制单元,并设计了系统的硬件电路,主要包括选择性漏电保护电路、相敏保护电路、负序保护电路和有功功率检测电路。实验结果表明:硬件电路采样准确,动作灵敏,能够可靠反映电网的运行状态。
在软件构建中,采用了模块化设计方法,设计了监控主程序和各功能模块子程序。实验结果表明:软件程序执行效率高,运行稳定,运算准确。作为馈电开关重要组成部分的人机界面,本文叙述了馈电开关人机界面的设计过程,包括人机界面设备的选择、软件开发环境的介绍和页面功能设计。实验结果表明:人机界面友好,显示准确,运行稳定,可操作性强。
根据矿井电网的实际特点,分析了矿用低压馈电开关综合保护系统的主要干扰源及其特征,针对不同的干扰信号,制定了相应的硬件和软件防治措施,提高了保护系统工作的可靠性。
本文所设计的矿用低压馈电开关综合保护系统经过了实验室初步试验,试验结果表明:该系统能够准确、可靠、快速地反映电网的运行状态并执行相应操作,证实了设计方案的正确性与可行性。
With the rapidly development of coal industry and the continuous improvement of mining automation, it is demanded that the underground power supply system must be of the higher reliability, security and continuity. Underground low voltage feeder switchgear plays center role in the coal mine low voltage power network. The capability of it directly affects the security and efficiencies in coal production. But the intelligence level of underground low voltage feeder switchgear mainly depends on the reliability and sensibility of protection system. Hence it is important to develop a new measurement and control system in underground low voltage feeder switchgear.
On the basis of consulting internal and external documents, the synthesis protection system in underground low voltage feeder switchgear has been researched in detail based on PLC in this thesis as following:
First of all, the characteristics of coal mine LV power supply system are analyzed, and the developing histories of underground low voltage feeder switchgear at home and aboard are reviewed. In addition, the disadvantages of traditional synthesis protection system are pointed out. Based on the rules of“Safety Regulation of Underground Coal Mines”, the technical requirements are put forward in the thesis.
According to the technical requirements of the protection system, the cause and fault characteristics of earth leakage, short circuit, over-load, over voltage and under voltage are theoretically analyzed, and the principle of fault detection are also introduced.
Based on the introduction of PLC development and characteristic, PLC is used as the control core, and the hard circuits are designed also, including selective leakage protection circuit, phase-sensitive measurement circuit, negative sequence protection circuit and active power measurement circuit. It has been shown by the result that the circuits sample accurately, run steadily and detect the running state of power network.
In the software construction, module programming design method is used, host monitor procedure and functional subprograms are compiled. It has been shown by the result that the programs compute accurately, run efficiently and operate steadily.
The development process of man-machine interface is described in detail, including the choice of man-machine interface device, the introduction of software development environment and the program design. It has been shown by the result that the man-machine interface is friendly, accurate and easy to operate.
According to the actual environment in the coal mine power network, the sources and features of interference signals are discussed. Based on the analyzed characteristics of interference sources in underground, the corresponding hardware and software measures of anti-interference are taken to increase the reliability of the monitoring system.
The protection system has been tested in the laboratory. The results indicate that the system detect the running state of power network accurately, steadily and rapidly, and execute relevant operations. It has been proved by the mention above that the control scheme is correct and practical.
本文在查阅国内外文献的基础上,系统地研究了基于PLC控制的矿用低压馈电开关综合保护系统,主要内容如下:
首先分析了煤矿井下供电系统的特点,介绍了国内外矿用低压馈电开关的发展情况,指出了目前矿井低压电网保护所存在的问题,并根据《煤矿安全规程》规定,给出了矿用低压馈电开关综合保护系统的基本要求。根据保护系统的技术要求,系统地分析了低压电网中漏电、短路、过载、过压与欠压等常见故障的产生原因和故障特征,并介绍了相应的故障检测原理。
在简单介绍了PLC的发展与特点的基础上,选定了PLC作为中央控制单元,并设计了系统的硬件电路,主要包括选择性漏电保护电路、相敏保护电路、负序保护电路和有功功率检测电路。实验结果表明:硬件电路采样准确,动作灵敏,能够可靠反映电网的运行状态。
在软件构建中,采用了模块化设计方法,设计了监控主程序和各功能模块子程序。实验结果表明:软件程序执行效率高,运行稳定,运算准确。作为馈电开关重要组成部分的人机界面,本文叙述了馈电开关人机界面的设计过程,包括人机界面设备的选择、软件开发环境的介绍和页面功能设计。实验结果表明:人机界面友好,显示准确,运行稳定,可操作性强。
根据矿井电网的实际特点,分析了矿用低压馈电开关综合保护系统的主要干扰源及其特征,针对不同的干扰信号,制定了相应的硬件和软件防治措施,提高了保护系统工作的可靠性。
本文所设计的矿用低压馈电开关综合保护系统经过了实验室初步试验,试验结果表明:该系统能够准确、可靠、快速地反映电网的运行状态并执行相应操作,证实了设计方案的正确性与可行性。
With the rapidly development of coal industry and the continuous improvement of mining automation, it is demanded that the underground power supply system must be of the higher reliability, security and continuity. Underground low voltage feeder switchgear plays center role in the coal mine low voltage power network. The capability of it directly affects the security and efficiencies in coal production. But the intelligence level of underground low voltage feeder switchgear mainly depends on the reliability and sensibility of protection system. Hence it is important to develop a new measurement and control system in underground low voltage feeder switchgear.
On the basis of consulting internal and external documents, the synthesis protection system in underground low voltage feeder switchgear has been researched in detail based on PLC in this thesis as following:
First of all, the characteristics of coal mine LV power supply system are analyzed, and the developing histories of underground low voltage feeder switchgear at home and aboard are reviewed. In addition, the disadvantages of traditional synthesis protection system are pointed out. Based on the rules of“Safety Regulation of Underground Coal Mines”, the technical requirements are put forward in the thesis.
According to the technical requirements of the protection system, the cause and fault characteristics of earth leakage, short circuit, over-load, over voltage and under voltage are theoretically analyzed, and the principle of fault detection are also introduced.
Based on the introduction of PLC development and characteristic, PLC is used as the control core, and the hard circuits are designed also, including selective leakage protection circuit, phase-sensitive measurement circuit, negative sequence protection circuit and active power measurement circuit. It has been shown by the result that the circuits sample accurately, run steadily and detect the running state of power network.
In the software construction, module programming design method is used, host monitor procedure and functional subprograms are compiled. It has been shown by the result that the programs compute accurately, run efficiently and operate steadily.
The development process of man-machine interface is described in detail, including the choice of man-machine interface device, the introduction of software development environment and the program design. It has been shown by the result that the man-machine interface is friendly, accurate and easy to operate.
According to the actual environment in the coal mine power network, the sources and features of interference signals are discussed. Based on the analyzed characteristics of interference sources in underground, the corresponding hardware and software measures of anti-interference are taken to increase the reliability of the monitoring system.
The protection system has been tested in the laboratory. The results indicate that the system detect the running state of power network accurately, steadily and rapidly, and execute relevant operations. It has been proved by the mention above that the control scheme is correct and practical.
引文
[1]刘德君,田富泰.一种新型的智能低压馈电开关的设计[J].工矿自动化,2009,(1):40-42.
[2]王崇林,邹有明.供电技术[M].北京:煤炭工业出版社.1997.
[3]栾厚海.浅谈煤矿井下变压器中性点禁止接地[J].煤炭技术,2003,22(4):26-28.
[4]孙凯.井下高压电网线路选择性速断短路保护方案研究[J].煤,2008,17(11):78-79.
[5]乔华,李绪展,徐明娥.矿用隔爆型低压馈电开关的现状及趋势[J].煤矿自动化,1997,(4):27-28.
[6]梁翼龙,孟润泉,陈力.井下移动变电站低压智能化馈电开关的研究[J].煤炭科学技术,2003,31(5):39-41.
[7]郑国莘.微机技术在矿用防爆电器中的应用现状与动态[J].电气开关,1999,(5):1-3.
[8]景胜.我国微机保护的现状与发展[J].继电器,1999,(5):24-28.
[9]金达,闽沛文.当前计算机技术发展对基于PC机自动测试系统的影响[J].计算机自动测量与控制,1999,(1):5-7.
[10]陈穷.电磁兼容性工程设计手册[M].北京:国防工业出版社.1993.
[11] Laurin J J,Zaky S G,Balmain K G.On the prediction of digital circuit susceptibility to radiated EMI[J].IEEE Trans on Electromagn compat,1995,37(4):528-535.
[12]宋建成,翟生勤,范世民等.矿井低压电网漏电保护技术的发展[J].电网技术,2001,25(10):58-62.
[13]刘思沛等.煤矿供电[M].北京:煤炭工业出版社.1991.
[14]耿俊梅.井下低压电网的漏电故障及原理分析[J].煤炭工程,2007,(11):83-85.
[15] Frank E S.New ground fault protection system minimizes electrical shock hazards [J].Coalmining&Processing,1981,(6):65-69.
[16] Bishop M T,et al.Overcurrent protection alternatives for underground distribution systems[J].IEEE Trans on Power Dilivery,1995,10(1):252-257.
[17]宋建成,谢恒坤,杨同敏.基于零序电流方向的选择性漏电保护系统的研究[J].电网技术,1998,22(9):53-56.
[18]孟润泉,梁翼龙,宋建成.提高脉冲比相可靠性的途径及其实现[J].继电器,1999,27(6):11-13.
[19]赖昌干,张金程,皱有明.矿山电工学[M].北京:煤炭工业出版社.1991.
[20]宋建成,石宗义,谢恒堃．矿井电网过电流特征分析及其?は低车难芯縖J].煤炭学报,2001,26(1):81-86.
[21] Lo K L,Zhang C.Dccomposed three phase power flow solution using the sequence component frame[J].IEEE Pro-ceedings-C,1993,140(3):181-188.
[22] Chen Mo-Shing,Dillon William E.Power system modeling[J].Proceedings of IEEE,1974,(7):901-915.
[23] A.N.Eliasen.High-inertia drive motors and their starting characteristics[J].IEEE Trans on power Apparatus and system,Vol.PAS-99,No.4,July/August 1980.
[24]宋建成,谢恒,王雁欣.基于功率因数检测的矿井低压电网相敏保护的研究[J].电网技术,1999,23(2):38-41.
[25]邵富春.怎样保护电动机[M].北京:中国农业机械出版社.1984.
[26] Norris woodruff.Economical motor protection using microcomputer technology [J].IEEE Trans on Ind.Appl,Vol.LA-20,No.5,Sep/Oct 1984.
[27] Astin H.Bonnett.Cause and analysis of stator and rotor failure in three-phase squirrel-cage induction motors[J].IEEE Trans on Ind.Appl,Vol.28,No.4,July/August 1992:71-73.
[28]吴中俊,黄永红.可编程序控制器原理及应用[M].北京:机械工业出版社,2004.
[29]邓则名,邝穗芳,程良伦.电器与可编程控制器应用技术[M].北京:机械工业出版社,1997.
[30]郝长城.基于PLC的智能型矿用隔爆馈电开关的研制[D].北京:中国矿业大学,2008.
[31]李党党.高精度定时积分测量的实用电路[J].电测与仪表,1992,(9):33-35.
[32]张楚钰.毫微秒脉冲宽度展宽器[J].教学与科技,1986,(2):37-39.
[33]郑丽君.3.3kV矿用智能型负荷控制中心的研究[D].太原:太原理工大学,2006.
[34] R.Hogervorst,J.P.Tero.R.G.H.Esschauzier,J.H.Huijsing.A compact power-efficient 3V CMOS rail-to-rail inputloutput operational amplifier for VL.SI cell libraries [J].IEEE Journal of Solid State Circuits,Vol.29,December 1994:1505-1513.
[35]于晓燕.简单实用的功率因数测量电路[J].徐煤科技,1995,(4):13-14.
[36]张庆稼,孙一兰.贝塞尔滤波器的设计[J].医疗卫生设备,1995,(2):17-19.
[37]王贻俊,丁超,樊育.单位增益二阶压控电压源低通滤波器的快捷设计[J].医疗卫生设备,2000,14(4):5-9.
[38]梁锁锋.基于Intel80C196KB控制的矿用移动变电站低压真空馈电开关测控系统的研究[D].太原:太原理工大学,2004.
[39]陈星扩,鲍鸿,陈宇翔.AD7755的测量原理与应用[J].广东工业大学学报,2002,19(4):30-33.
[40]陈霞.利用AD7755实现电能有功功率的测量[J].山东理工大学学报,2004,18(5):68-72.
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[42]宋爱.3.3kV智能化组合磁力控制站综合保护系统的研究[D].太原:太原理工大学,2004.
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[2]王崇林,邹有明.供电技术[M].北京:煤炭工业出版社.1997.
[3]栾厚海.浅谈煤矿井下变压器中性点禁止接地[J].煤炭技术,2003,22(4):26-28.
[4]孙凯.井下高压电网线路选择性速断短路保护方案研究[J].煤,2008,17(11):78-79.
[5]乔华,李绪展,徐明娥.矿用隔爆型低压馈电开关的现状及趋势[J].煤矿自动化,1997,(4):27-28.
[6]梁翼龙,孟润泉,陈力.井下移动变电站低压智能化馈电开关的研究[J].煤炭科学技术,2003,31(5):39-41.
[7]郑国莘.微机技术在矿用防爆电器中的应用现状与动态[J].电气开关,1999,(5):1-3.
[8]景胜.我国微机保护的现状与发展[J].继电器,1999,(5):24-28.
[9]金达,闽沛文.当前计算机技术发展对基于PC机自动测试系统的影响[J].计算机自动测量与控制,1999,(1):5-7.
[10]陈穷.电磁兼容性工程设计手册[M].北京:国防工业出版社.1993.
[11] Laurin J J,Zaky S G,Balmain K G.On the prediction of digital circuit susceptibility to radiated EMI[J].IEEE Trans on Electromagn compat,1995,37(4):528-535.
[12]宋建成,翟生勤,范世民等.矿井低压电网漏电保护技术的发展[J].电网技术,2001,25(10):58-62.
[13]刘思沛等.煤矿供电[M].北京:煤炭工业出版社.1991.
[14]耿俊梅.井下低压电网的漏电故障及原理分析[J].煤炭工程,2007,(11):83-85.
[15] Frank E S.New ground fault protection system minimizes electrical shock hazards [J].Coalmining&Processing,1981,(6):65-69.
[16] Bishop M T,et al.Overcurrent protection alternatives for underground distribution systems[J].IEEE Trans on Power Dilivery,1995,10(1):252-257.
[17]宋建成,谢恒坤,杨同敏.基于零序电流方向的选择性漏电保护系统的研究[J].电网技术,1998,22(9):53-56.
[18]孟润泉,梁翼龙,宋建成.提高脉冲比相可靠性的途径及其实现[J].继电器,1999,27(6):11-13.
[19]赖昌干,张金程,皱有明.矿山电工学[M].北京:煤炭工业出版社.1991.
[20]宋建成,石宗义,谢恒堃．矿井电网过电流特征分析及其?は低车难芯縖J].煤炭学报,2001,26(1):81-86.
[21] Lo K L,Zhang C.Dccomposed three phase power flow solution using the sequence component frame[J].IEEE Pro-ceedings-C,1993,140(3):181-188.
[22] Chen Mo-Shing,Dillon William E.Power system modeling[J].Proceedings of IEEE,1974,(7):901-915.
[23] A.N.Eliasen.High-inertia drive motors and their starting characteristics[J].IEEE Trans on power Apparatus and system,Vol.PAS-99,No.4,July/August 1980.
[24]宋建成,谢恒,王雁欣.基于功率因数检测的矿井低压电网相敏保护的研究[J].电网技术,1999,23(2):38-41.
[25]邵富春.怎样保护电动机[M].北京:中国农业机械出版社.1984.
[26] Norris woodruff.Economical motor protection using microcomputer technology [J].IEEE Trans on Ind.Appl,Vol.LA-20,No.5,Sep/Oct 1984.
[27] Astin H.Bonnett.Cause and analysis of stator and rotor failure in three-phase squirrel-cage induction motors[J].IEEE Trans on Ind.Appl,Vol.28,No.4,July/August 1992:71-73.
[28]吴中俊,黄永红.可编程序控制器原理及应用[M].北京:机械工业出版社,2004.
[29]邓则名,邝穗芳,程良伦.电器与可编程控制器应用技术[M].北京:机械工业出版社,1997.
[30]郝长城.基于PLC的智能型矿用隔爆馈电开关的研制[D].北京:中国矿业大学,2008.
[31]李党党.高精度定时积分测量的实用电路[J].电测与仪表,1992,(9):33-35.
[32]张楚钰.毫微秒脉冲宽度展宽器[J].教学与科技,1986,(2):37-39.
[33]郑丽君.3.3kV矿用智能型负荷控制中心的研究[D].太原:太原理工大学,2006.
[34] R.Hogervorst,J.P.Tero.R.G.H.Esschauzier,J.H.Huijsing.A compact power-efficient 3V CMOS rail-to-rail inputloutput operational amplifier for VL.SI cell libraries [J].IEEE Journal of Solid State Circuits,Vol.29,December 1994:1505-1513.
[35]于晓燕.简单实用的功率因数测量电路[J].徐煤科技,1995,(4):13-14.
[36]张庆稼,孙一兰.贝塞尔滤波器的设计[J].医疗卫生设备,1995,(2):17-19.
[37]王贻俊,丁超,樊育.单位增益二阶压控电压源低通滤波器的快捷设计[J].医疗卫生设备,2000,14(4):5-9.
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