深井高应力围岩松动爆破机理研究
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摘要
深部岩体处于较高的地应力和高瓦斯条件的环境中,由于受到高地应力特别是侧向高应力的作用。在深部岩体中采用松动爆破,岩体处于高地应力和爆炸冲击荷载共同作用,两种荷载相互影响。岩体的破坏准则浅部的岩石破坏不一样,而且破坏过程比较复杂。地应力场的存在对岩石中爆破裂纹的起裂方向、扩展长度等产生一定的影响。浅部岩体的爆破参数用于深部岩体爆破效果不好,而且爆破效率。本文基于此原因,对高地应力条件下深部岩体的松动爆破机理进行一定的探讨。
首先本文对深部岩体的地质和力学性质进行相应的探讨,并通过数值模拟的结果分析作为辅助,得到深部岩体的一些应力特征。深部岩体中初始应力比较大,井下岩石爆破必然受到初始应力场的干涉,岩体处于初始应力和爆炸应力波的共同作用。初始应力场与围岩中爆炸冲击波相互叠加,导致岩石中裂缝的起裂方向和长度都产生变化。
其次对高地应力岩石的松动爆破机理进行分析,从理论上推导了孔壁的粉碎圈和裂隙圈的长度,并相应的探讨了深部岩体爆破参数设计,提出了相应的爆破裂纹长度的公式。利用动力有限元软件LS-DYNA和ANSYS有限元程序对高应力条件下岩体松动爆破进行数值计算,从计算结果中分析爆炸后炮孔周围岩体的应力、应变的变化、裂隙的扩展方向和长度。
最后在理论分析的基础上,通过淮南新庄煤矿中巷道深孔爆破实验结果,对上述相应的理论部分和爆破裂纹长度的公式以及进行比较分析,得出较合理的参数。这些可以为煤矿深部岩体松动爆破参数设计工作提供一定的参考。
On the environment condition of the high stress and high gas, deep rock affected by the high ground stress, especially the lateral stresses. For the deep rock with loose blasting, rock is in the highlands of stress and load together that the two loads affect each other. Deep rock failure criteria is not same with shallow rock failure criteria, and also its process is more complicated. The existence of stress field in the blasting of rock have some impact.on crack direction of expansion and length. Shallow rock blasting parameters blasting to be ineffective for the deeprock, and the blasting efficiency is not good. Based on this reason, the deep hole loose blasting mechanism on condition of high stress in deep rock is explored.
In this paper, deep geological and rock mechanical properties appropriate is explored firstly, and then the stress characteristics of deep rock is gained through numerical simulation results of analysis as a supplement. Because deep rock in the initial stress relatively is large, underground rock blasting will be subject to the initial stress field of intervention, an explosion of rock in the initial stress and stress waves together. The initial stress field and the surrounding rock in the blast shock wave superimposed with each other, resulting in cracks in rocks from the direction and length of the crack have a difference.
Secondly, through the analysis of rock loose blasting mechanism umder high stress theoretically we can derived from the hole crushing circle wall and the length of the fracture,correspondly discussion of the deep rock blasting parameters of the design. and put forward the corresponding blasting crack length formula. The use of dynamic finite element software LS-DYNA and ANSYS finite element program for high-stress conditions, loose rock blasting the numerical calculation, the calculation results from the analysis of rock mass around the hole after the explosion of the stress and strain changes in the direction of crack extension and length.
Finally, on the basis of theoretical analysis and the deep-hole blasting tunnel test in Huainan xinzhuang coal mine, the theoretical part of the corresponding crack length and the length formula of blasting crack are on comparative analysis. As a result we can obtain a more reasonable parameters. These can be loose as a coal mine deep rock blasting design parameters to provide a reference.
首先本文对深部岩体的地质和力学性质进行相应的探讨,并通过数值模拟的结果分析作为辅助,得到深部岩体的一些应力特征。深部岩体中初始应力比较大,井下岩石爆破必然受到初始应力场的干涉,岩体处于初始应力和爆炸应力波的共同作用。初始应力场与围岩中爆炸冲击波相互叠加,导致岩石中裂缝的起裂方向和长度都产生变化。
其次对高地应力岩石的松动爆破机理进行分析,从理论上推导了孔壁的粉碎圈和裂隙圈的长度,并相应的探讨了深部岩体爆破参数设计,提出了相应的爆破裂纹长度的公式。利用动力有限元软件LS-DYNA和ANSYS有限元程序对高应力条件下岩体松动爆破进行数值计算,从计算结果中分析爆炸后炮孔周围岩体的应力、应变的变化、裂隙的扩展方向和长度。
最后在理论分析的基础上,通过淮南新庄煤矿中巷道深孔爆破实验结果,对上述相应的理论部分和爆破裂纹长度的公式以及进行比较分析,得出较合理的参数。这些可以为煤矿深部岩体松动爆破参数设计工作提供一定的参考。
On the environment condition of the high stress and high gas, deep rock affected by the high ground stress, especially the lateral stresses. For the deep rock with loose blasting, rock is in the highlands of stress and load together that the two loads affect each other. Deep rock failure criteria is not same with shallow rock failure criteria, and also its process is more complicated. The existence of stress field in the blasting of rock have some impact.on crack direction of expansion and length. Shallow rock blasting parameters blasting to be ineffective for the deeprock, and the blasting efficiency is not good. Based on this reason, the deep hole loose blasting mechanism on condition of high stress in deep rock is explored.
In this paper, deep geological and rock mechanical properties appropriate is explored firstly, and then the stress characteristics of deep rock is gained through numerical simulation results of analysis as a supplement. Because deep rock in the initial stress relatively is large, underground rock blasting will be subject to the initial stress field of intervention, an explosion of rock in the initial stress and stress waves together. The initial stress field and the surrounding rock in the blast shock wave superimposed with each other, resulting in cracks in rocks from the direction and length of the crack have a difference.
Secondly, through the analysis of rock loose blasting mechanism umder high stress theoretically we can derived from the hole crushing circle wall and the length of the fracture,correspondly discussion of the deep rock blasting parameters of the design. and put forward the corresponding blasting crack length formula. The use of dynamic finite element software LS-DYNA and ANSYS finite element program for high-stress conditions, loose rock blasting the numerical calculation, the calculation results from the analysis of rock mass around the hole after the explosion of the stress and strain changes in the direction of crack extension and length.
Finally, on the basis of theoretical analysis and the deep-hole blasting tunnel test in Huainan xinzhuang coal mine, the theoretical part of the corresponding crack length and the length formula of blasting crack are on comparative analysis. As a result we can obtain a more reasonable parameters. These can be loose as a coal mine deep rock blasting design parameters to provide a reference.
引文
[1]宗琦,王从平.岩石松动爆破炮孔密集系数研究[J].爆破,2001,18(1)：1-4
[2]郑周练,陈山林.螺旋切槽孔松动爆破参数[J].重庆大学学报(自然科学版),2003,26(4)：118-121
[3]郑周练等.螺旋切槽孔松动爆破模型实验研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2004,23(3)：446-449
[4]郑周练,陈山林.螺旋切槽孔松动爆破数值分析[J].重庆大学学报(自然科学版),2005,28(12)：125-129
[5]何廷山.松动爆破及其防突作用原理初探[J].煤炭技术,2004,23(7)：105-106
[6]肖正学,张志呈,李端明.初始应力场对爆破效果的影响[J].煤炭学报,1996,21(5)：497-501
[7]刘艳,许金余.地应力场下岩体爆体的数值模拟[J].岩土力学,2007.11,28(11)：2485-2488
[8]戴俊.柱状装药爆破的岩石压碎圈与裂隙圈计算[J].辽宁工程技术大学学报(自然科学版),2001.4,20(2)：144-147
[9]戴俊.深埋岩石隧洞的周边控制爆破方法与参数确定[J].爆炸与冲击,2004。11,24(6)：493-498
[10]陈晓林.初始应力场对爆破作用影响的分析[J].四川冶金,2002(2)：5-8
[11]王汉军,杨仁树,李清.深部岩巷爆破机理分析和爆破参数设计[J].煤炭学报,2007.4,32(4)：373-376
[12]戴俊,钱七虎.高地应力条件下的巷道崩落爆破参数[J].爆炸与冲击,2007.5,27(3)：272-276
[13]谢源.高地应力条件下岩石爆破裂纹扩展规律的模拟研究[J].湖南有色金属,2002.8,18(4)：1-3
[14]左宇军,动静组合加载下的岩石破坏特性研究[D].长沙中南大学,2005,3：69-81
[15]何满朝,谢和平,彭苏萍等.深部开采岩体研究[J].岩石力学与工程学研究,2005,24(16)：2804-2811
[16]徐颖,宗琦.地下工程爆破理论及应用[M].2001.12,3-15
[17]王文龙.钻眼爆破[M].煤炭工业出版社,1984
[18]蔡美峰,岩石力学与工程[M].2006.10,460-463
[19]杨军等.岩石爆破理论模型及数值计算[M].北京：科学出版社,1999
[20]高尔新,杨仁树.工程爆破[M].1999.7,104-136
[21]翁春林,叶加冕工程爆破[M].2008,117-118
[22]张应立.工程爆破[M].2005,17-26
[23]Demuth, R. B and Margolin, Etal, SHALE:A Computer Program for Solid Dynamics. LA 10236,1985
[24]Sanchidian, J. A. etal, Damage in Rock under Explosive Loading:Implementation in DYNA2D of a TCK Model, Int. J. of Surf. Min and Recla.1992 (6),109-114
[25]张志呈.岩石爆破裂纹的起裂、扩展、分岔与止裂[J].爆破,1999(4)：21-24
[26]吴德伦,黄质宏,赵明阶.岩石力学[M].重庆：重庆大学出版社,2002,111-115
[27]龚敏,于亚伦.爆破动态应力场量化研究原理与初步实验[J].爆炸与冲击,1997(1)：43-49
[28]Diering D H. Ultra-deep level mining:future requirements[J]. Journal of the South African Institute of Mining and Metallurgy,1997,97(6):249-255
[29]Gurtunca R G, Keynote L. Mining below 3000m and challenges of the South African gold mining industry [A]. IN:Proceedings of Mechanics of Jointed and Fractured Rock[C].Rotterdam:A. A. Balkema,1998.3-10
[30]Diering D H. Tunnel under pressure in an ultra-deep Wifwatersrand gold mine[J]. Journal of the South African Institute of Mining and gold mine[J]. Journal of the South African Institute of Mining and Metallurgy,2000,100:319-324
[31]Vogel M, Andrast H P. Alp transit-safety in construction as a chanllenge, healh and safety aspects in very deep tuunel construction[J]. Tunneling and Underground Space Technology,2000,15(4):481-484
[32]JohnsonRAS. Mining at ultra-depth,evaluation of In Proceedings of the 2nd North America Rock Mechanics Symposium[C].Montreal:NARMS'1996.359-366
[33]Singh. J. Strengthofrocksatdepth[A]. In:RockatGreatDepth[C]. Rotterdam:A. A. B alkeman,1989,37-44
[34]何满朝.深部开采工程岩石力学的现状及其展望[A].见：中国岩石力学与工程学会编.第八次全国岩石力学与工程学术大会论文集[C].北京：科学出版社,2004.88-94.
[35]李夕兵,古德生.岩石冲击动力学[M].长沙：中南工业大学出版社,1994
[36]Saunsers P T灾变理论入门[M].凌复华译.上海：上海科学技术文献出版社,1983
[37]许强,黄润秋.地震作用下结构非线性响应的突变分析[J].岩土工程学报,1997,19(4)：25-29
[38]魏德敏,王德禹.突变理论在结构动屈曲分析中的若干应用[J].工程力学(增),1998：138-142
[39]徐颖等.断层带爆炸裂隙区范围及裂纹扩展长度的研究[J].岩土力学,2002,23(1)：81-84
[40]贾光辉.爆炸过程中有关应力波传播问题探讨[J].爆破,2001,(3)：5-7
[41]刘殿中.工程爆破使用手册[M].北京：冶金工业出版社,1999
[42]戴俊.高原岩应力条件下岩石定向断裂控制爆破的理论分析[C].第八届全国工程爆破会议论文集.郑州,2001：70-75
[43]戴俊.爆破工程[M].北京：机械出版社,2005：144-148
[2]郑周练,陈山林.螺旋切槽孔松动爆破参数[J].重庆大学学报(自然科学版),2003,26(4)：118-121
[3]郑周练等.螺旋切槽孔松动爆破模型实验研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2004,23(3)：446-449
[4]郑周练,陈山林.螺旋切槽孔松动爆破数值分析[J].重庆大学学报(自然科学版),2005,28(12)：125-129
[5]何廷山.松动爆破及其防突作用原理初探[J].煤炭技术,2004,23(7)：105-106
[6]肖正学,张志呈,李端明.初始应力场对爆破效果的影响[J].煤炭学报,1996,21(5)：497-501
[7]刘艳,许金余.地应力场下岩体爆体的数值模拟[J].岩土力学,2007.11,28(11)：2485-2488
[8]戴俊.柱状装药爆破的岩石压碎圈与裂隙圈计算[J].辽宁工程技术大学学报(自然科学版),2001.4,20(2)：144-147
[9]戴俊.深埋岩石隧洞的周边控制爆破方法与参数确定[J].爆炸与冲击,2004。11,24(6)：493-498
[10]陈晓林.初始应力场对爆破作用影响的分析[J].四川冶金,2002(2)：5-8
[11]王汉军,杨仁树,李清.深部岩巷爆破机理分析和爆破参数设计[J].煤炭学报,2007.4,32(4)：373-376
[12]戴俊,钱七虎.高地应力条件下的巷道崩落爆破参数[J].爆炸与冲击,2007.5,27(3)：272-276
[13]谢源.高地应力条件下岩石爆破裂纹扩展规律的模拟研究[J].湖南有色金属,2002.8,18(4)：1-3
[14]左宇军,动静组合加载下的岩石破坏特性研究[D].长沙中南大学,2005,3：69-81
[15]何满朝,谢和平,彭苏萍等.深部开采岩体研究[J].岩石力学与工程学研究,2005,24(16)：2804-2811
[16]徐颖,宗琦.地下工程爆破理论及应用[M].2001.12,3-15
[17]王文龙.钻眼爆破[M].煤炭工业出版社,1984
[18]蔡美峰,岩石力学与工程[M].2006.10,460-463
[19]杨军等.岩石爆破理论模型及数值计算[M].北京：科学出版社,1999
[20]高尔新,杨仁树.工程爆破[M].1999.7,104-136
[21]翁春林,叶加冕工程爆破[M].2008,117-118
[22]张应立.工程爆破[M].2005,17-26
[23]Demuth, R. B and Margolin, Etal, SHALE:A Computer Program for Solid Dynamics. LA 10236,1985
[24]Sanchidian, J. A. etal, Damage in Rock under Explosive Loading:Implementation in DYNA2D of a TCK Model, Int. J. of Surf. Min and Recla.1992 (6),109-114
[25]张志呈.岩石爆破裂纹的起裂、扩展、分岔与止裂[J].爆破,1999(4)：21-24
[26]吴德伦,黄质宏,赵明阶.岩石力学[M].重庆：重庆大学出版社,2002,111-115
[27]龚敏,于亚伦.爆破动态应力场量化研究原理与初步实验[J].爆炸与冲击,1997(1)：43-49
[28]Diering D H. Ultra-deep level mining:future requirements[J]. Journal of the South African Institute of Mining and Metallurgy,1997,97(6):249-255
[29]Gurtunca R G, Keynote L. Mining below 3000m and challenges of the South African gold mining industry [A]. IN:Proceedings of Mechanics of Jointed and Fractured Rock[C].Rotterdam:A. A. Balkema,1998.3-10
[30]Diering D H. Tunnel under pressure in an ultra-deep Wifwatersrand gold mine[J]. Journal of the South African Institute of Mining and gold mine[J]. Journal of the South African Institute of Mining and Metallurgy,2000,100:319-324
[31]Vogel M, Andrast H P. Alp transit-safety in construction as a chanllenge, healh and safety aspects in very deep tuunel construction[J]. Tunneling and Underground Space Technology,2000,15(4):481-484
[32]JohnsonRAS. Mining at ultra-depth,evaluation of In Proceedings of the 2nd North America Rock Mechanics Symposium[C].Montreal:NARMS'1996.359-366
[33]Singh. J. Strengthofrocksatdepth[A]. In:RockatGreatDepth[C]. Rotterdam:A. A. B alkeman,1989,37-44
[34]何满朝.深部开采工程岩石力学的现状及其展望[A].见：中国岩石力学与工程学会编.第八次全国岩石力学与工程学术大会论文集[C].北京：科学出版社,2004.88-94.
[35]李夕兵,古德生.岩石冲击动力学[M].长沙：中南工业大学出版社,1994
[36]Saunsers P T灾变理论入门[M].凌复华译.上海：上海科学技术文献出版社,1983
[37]许强,黄润秋.地震作用下结构非线性响应的突变分析[J].岩土工程学报,1997,19(4)：25-29
[38]魏德敏,王德禹.突变理论在结构动屈曲分析中的若干应用[J].工程力学(增),1998：138-142
[39]徐颖等.断层带爆炸裂隙区范围及裂纹扩展长度的研究[J].岩土力学,2002,23(1)：81-84
[40]贾光辉.爆炸过程中有关应力波传播问题探讨[J].爆破,2001,(3)：5-7
[41]刘殿中.工程爆破使用手册[M].北京：冶金工业出版社,1999
[42]戴俊.高原岩应力条件下岩石定向断裂控制爆破的理论分析[C].第八届全国工程爆破会议论文集.郑州,2001：70-75
[43]戴俊.爆破工程[M].北京：机械出版社,2005：144-148