基于PIC单片机的煤矿智能监控系统
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摘要
现阶段煤矿安全问题已经成为全社会关注的焦点，成为关系到人民生命财产，甚至影响建立和谐社会的重大问题。研发出高质量、高性能、高可靠性、低成本的煤矿瓦斯监控系统无疑对解决这一重大问题有很大帮助。采用瓦斯监控系统，能有效地对瓦斯抽放状态进行连续跟踪监测和实时调控，使之在最佳状态下工作。它还改变了过去瓦斯抽放只靠人工单一控制的局面，保证了安全抽放。
本文根据用户的需求，根据国家煤矿安全生产规范的要求，提出切实可行的瓦斯监控系统的整体方案。经过方案比较和调研工作，提出集数据采集，分析处理，控制及数据通讯等功能于一体的数字化集成系统设计方案，所设计的方案可以保证系统能高效，稳定地实现项目的所有要求。
根据整体方案，研制瓦斯监控系统的主要两个部分，智能瓦斯传感器和监控分站。智能瓦斯传感器能够满足客户的高精度，高可靠性，功能强大，功耗低的要求。而监控分站既可以采集各种现场信号，进行判断处理，又可将数据传送至地面的监控主机，由地面的监控主机也进行控制，实现对对象的“双重控制”，增加了整个系统的可靠性。监控分站本身还带有液晶显示等，可现场进行各种参数的显示。
不论是智能瓦斯传感器还是监控分站都以PIC单片机为核心构成，PIC单片机最大优点表现在引脚少、功能强、可直接带LED负载、低耗能；较简便地实现掉电保护；外围配置简单、明晰，提高了整机的可靠性；并且具有较强的抗干扰性，大大提高了抵御外界的电磁干扰和本机控制电路的电磁干扰的能力。
在瓦斯传感器的开发中了设计了自校准电路和自动补偿软件，使仪器能够自动调整零点，自动补偿检测元件的漂移。这样就可大大延长校验周期，减轻了用户的负担(传统的瓦斯传感器需要每七天校验一次)。
在瓦斯传感器的设计中采用了红外遥控技术，用遥控器来设置调整参数。
本文详细的论述了该系统的硬件和软件设计。对于监控主机软件部分，由于本人涉及较少，所以没有过多介绍。
该系统已有部分产品交付用户试用，经过几个月的运行，现工作完全正常，受到了用户的充分肯定和高度评价。
The security problem of coal mines has been a focus that all the society is looking for it now. It has been an important problem relating to the property and life of people even influencing building harmonious society. So the research on the Monitor and Control System of Gas with high quality, high capability, high reliability and low cost will help to resolve this important problem deeply. The Monitor and Control System of Gas can continuously monitor gas concentration and control gas deflation. It also change the actuality that gas deflation and facilities of gas storage are overwatched by labor in our country.
We bring forward a whole design scheme of the Monitor and Control System of Gas according to demand of user and the criterion of safety manufacture of china. This digital integrated design scheme includes collection , analyse and treatment of data function, control function and data communication function. This scheme can meet demand of user efficiencily and reliably.
The Monitor and Control System of Gas can be divided into two main part, the intelligent gas sensor and monitor and control unit. The intelligent gas sensor can satisfy the user demand of high precision, high reliability, multi function and low power demand. The monitor and control unit can gather, process, and transmit the data of gas. The main computer at up ground also control the system for increase reliability. The monitor and control unit can also show the data by LCD.
Either the intelligent gas sensor or monitor and control unit use MCU of PIC as core. The excellences of PIC MCU are fewer pin, multi function, driving LED directly, and lower power demand. The components around it are simple,so it can improve the reliability of the system.
This paper discusses the design of hardware and software of the system in detail.
Several parts of this system have been used by our customer for several onths. All of them are operating normally and full satisfaction and high praise of customers.
本文根据用户的需求，根据国家煤矿安全生产规范的要求，提出切实可行的瓦斯监控系统的整体方案。经过方案比较和调研工作，提出集数据采集，分析处理，控制及数据通讯等功能于一体的数字化集成系统设计方案，所设计的方案可以保证系统能高效，稳定地实现项目的所有要求。
根据整体方案，研制瓦斯监控系统的主要两个部分，智能瓦斯传感器和监控分站。智能瓦斯传感器能够满足客户的高精度，高可靠性，功能强大，功耗低的要求。而监控分站既可以采集各种现场信号，进行判断处理，又可将数据传送至地面的监控主机，由地面的监控主机也进行控制，实现对对象的“双重控制”，增加了整个系统的可靠性。监控分站本身还带有液晶显示等，可现场进行各种参数的显示。
不论是智能瓦斯传感器还是监控分站都以PIC单片机为核心构成，PIC单片机最大优点表现在引脚少、功能强、可直接带LED负载、低耗能；较简便地实现掉电保护；外围配置简单、明晰，提高了整机的可靠性；并且具有较强的抗干扰性，大大提高了抵御外界的电磁干扰和本机控制电路的电磁干扰的能力。
在瓦斯传感器的开发中了设计了自校准电路和自动补偿软件，使仪器能够自动调整零点，自动补偿检测元件的漂移。这样就可大大延长校验周期，减轻了用户的负担(传统的瓦斯传感器需要每七天校验一次)。
在瓦斯传感器的设计中采用了红外遥控技术，用遥控器来设置调整参数。
本文详细的论述了该系统的硬件和软件设计。对于监控主机软件部分，由于本人涉及较少，所以没有过多介绍。
该系统已有部分产品交付用户试用，经过几个月的运行，现工作完全正常，受到了用户的充分肯定和高度评价。
The security problem of coal mines has been a focus that all the society is looking for it now. It has been an important problem relating to the property and life of people even influencing building harmonious society. So the research on the Monitor and Control System of Gas with high quality, high capability, high reliability and low cost will help to resolve this important problem deeply. The Monitor and Control System of Gas can continuously monitor gas concentration and control gas deflation. It also change the actuality that gas deflation and facilities of gas storage are overwatched by labor in our country.
We bring forward a whole design scheme of the Monitor and Control System of Gas according to demand of user and the criterion of safety manufacture of china. This digital integrated design scheme includes collection , analyse and treatment of data function, control function and data communication function. This scheme can meet demand of user efficiencily and reliably.
The Monitor and Control System of Gas can be divided into two main part, the intelligent gas sensor and monitor and control unit. The intelligent gas sensor can satisfy the user demand of high precision, high reliability, multi function and low power demand. The monitor and control unit can gather, process, and transmit the data of gas. The main computer at up ground also control the system for increase reliability. The monitor and control unit can also show the data by LCD.
Either the intelligent gas sensor or monitor and control unit use MCU of PIC as core. The excellences of PIC MCU are fewer pin, multi function, driving LED directly, and lower power demand. The components around it are simple,so it can improve the reliability of the system.
This paper discusses the design of hardware and software of the system in detail.
Several parts of this system have been used by our customer for several onths. All of them are operating normally and full satisfaction and high praise of customers.
引文
[1]俞启香．矿井瓦斯防治[M]．1992
[2]刘西青．论国内煤矿瓦斯监控系统现状与发展[J]．山西煤炭科技．2006，(3)：37-40
[3]戚宜欣、秦跃萍．煤矿通风安全技术与管理[M]．1998
[4]Diamond.W.P.Results of Direct-Method Determination of the Gas Content of U.S. Coal beds.1996
[5]Gas Research Institute.Coal bed Methane Open-Hole Cavity Completion Workshop. 1993
[6]胡汉才．单片机原理及接口技术[M]．清华大学出版社．1996
[7]李学海．PIC单片机原理[M]．北京航空航天大学出版社．2005
[8]孙继平．矿井安全监控系统[M]．2004
[9]林伯泉、张建国．矿井瓦斯抽放理论与技术[M]．1996
[10]龚孟君、陈锡洪．影响瓦斯传感器稳定性的原因及改善途径[J]．煤矿自动化，1996(2)：32-34
[11]王汝琳．矿井环境传感技术[M]．北京中国矿业大学出版社．1998
[12]王汝琳．矿井瓦斯传感器的近代研究方法及方向[J]．煤矿自动化．1998(4)：16-18
[13]煤炭工业部．煤矿用低浓度载体催化式甲烷传感器技术条件．1996
[14]黄继昌、徐巧鱼．传感器工作原理及应用事例[M]．北京人民邮电出版社．1998
[15]吴兴惠、王彩君．传感器与信号处理[M]．北京电子工业出版社．1998
[16]赵负图．现代传感器集成电路[M]．北京人民邮电出版社．2000
[17]张明峰．PIC单片机入门与实践[M]．北京航空航天大学出版社．2004
[18]李学海．PIC单片机实践[M]．北京航空航天大学出版社．2004
[19]杜海涛．智能瓦斯传感器系统的设计与研究．[硕士论文]．河南理工大学．2004
[20]曹贵良．LXK系列催化元件的稳定性．舰船科学技术．2001(3)：33-36
[21]张宇河，董宁．计算机控制系统[M]．北京理工大学出版社，2002
[22]刘俊华．智能传感器系统．西安西安电子科技大学出版社．1999
[23]王福瑞．单片微机测控系统设计大全．北京航空航天大学出版社．2002
[24]蒋玉华．瓦斯传感器红外遥控器的研制[J]．煤矿自动化．1998(1)：51-52
[25]史济民．软件工程原理、方法与应用高等教育出版社．1990
[26]陆晶．新型电容传感器的研究与应用：[硕士学位论文]河北河北工业大学．2002
[27]Chris J Georgopoulos Interface Fundamentals In Microprocessor Controlled Systems D Reidel Publishing Company 1995
[28]吴资玉等．数字通信原理[M]．中国物资出版社．1999
[29]刘利平．PIC16F87X单片机实用软件及接口技术[M]．北京航空航天大学出版社．2004
[30]李国栋、李永新．RS-485串行通讯接口芯片MAXl480在单片机系统中的应用[J]．中国仪器仪表．1998(6)：40-42
[31]徐爱卿等．单片微型计算机应用和开发系统[M]．北京航空航天大学出版社．1993
[32]安敏．瓦斯监控系统的研制[硕士论文]．重庆大学．2002
[2]刘西青．论国内煤矿瓦斯监控系统现状与发展[J]．山西煤炭科技．2006，(3)：37-40
[3]戚宜欣、秦跃萍．煤矿通风安全技术与管理[M]．1998
[4]Diamond.W.P.Results of Direct-Method Determination of the Gas Content of U.S. Coal beds.1996
[5]Gas Research Institute.Coal bed Methane Open-Hole Cavity Completion Workshop. 1993
[6]胡汉才．单片机原理及接口技术[M]．清华大学出版社．1996
[7]李学海．PIC单片机原理[M]．北京航空航天大学出版社．2005
[8]孙继平．矿井安全监控系统[M]．2004
[9]林伯泉、张建国．矿井瓦斯抽放理论与技术[M]．1996
[10]龚孟君、陈锡洪．影响瓦斯传感器稳定性的原因及改善途径[J]．煤矿自动化，1996(2)：32-34
[11]王汝琳．矿井环境传感技术[M]．北京中国矿业大学出版社．1998
[12]王汝琳．矿井瓦斯传感器的近代研究方法及方向[J]．煤矿自动化．1998(4)：16-18
[13]煤炭工业部．煤矿用低浓度载体催化式甲烷传感器技术条件．1996
[14]黄继昌、徐巧鱼．传感器工作原理及应用事例[M]．北京人民邮电出版社．1998
[15]吴兴惠、王彩君．传感器与信号处理[M]．北京电子工业出版社．1998
[16]赵负图．现代传感器集成电路[M]．北京人民邮电出版社．2000
[17]张明峰．PIC单片机入门与实践[M]．北京航空航天大学出版社．2004
[18]李学海．PIC单片机实践[M]．北京航空航天大学出版社．2004
[19]杜海涛．智能瓦斯传感器系统的设计与研究．[硕士论文]．河南理工大学．2004
[20]曹贵良．LXK系列催化元件的稳定性．舰船科学技术．2001(3)：33-36
[21]张宇河，董宁．计算机控制系统[M]．北京理工大学出版社，2002
[22]刘俊华．智能传感器系统．西安西安电子科技大学出版社．1999
[23]王福瑞．单片微机测控系统设计大全．北京航空航天大学出版社．2002
[24]蒋玉华．瓦斯传感器红外遥控器的研制[J]．煤矿自动化．1998(1)：51-52
[25]史济民．软件工程原理、方法与应用高等教育出版社．1990
[26]陆晶．新型电容传感器的研究与应用：[硕士学位论文]河北河北工业大学．2002
[27]Chris J Georgopoulos Interface Fundamentals In Microprocessor Controlled Systems D Reidel Publishing Company 1995
[28]吴资玉等．数字通信原理[M]．中国物资出版社．1999
[29]刘利平．PIC16F87X单片机实用软件及接口技术[M]．北京航空航天大学出版社．2004
[30]李国栋、李永新．RS-485串行通讯接口芯片MAXl480在单片机系统中的应用[J]．中国仪器仪表．1998(6)：40-42
[31]徐爱卿等．单片微型计算机应用和开发系统[M]．北京航空航天大学出版社．1993
[32]安敏．瓦斯监控系统的研制[硕士论文]．重庆大学．2002