家具专卖店光环境氛围感知及照明设计方法研究
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摘要
本文从照明方式以及光源强度和色温等照明因素展开对家具专卖店光环境氛围的研究，研究主要分为调查研究和实验研究两部分，在实验研究基础上，提出了家具专卖店光环境氛围量化设计方法，并通过实例进行方法实践。本项研究主要得出以下结论：
（1）通过对家具专卖店光环境实测发现：就亮度对比而言，局部亮度对比度决定了顾客视觉满意度水平，对比度越高越满意；就亮度水平而言，表面浅色、高反射率的家具需要亮度水平较低，而表面深色、吸光面料的家具需要亮度水平相对较高；就亮度分布而言，整体空间的亮度分布主要集中在家具产品上，家具产品自身的亮度分布依据家具造型不同而有所差异，高型家具亮度区域主要集中在垂直面，而中低型家具则主要分布在水平面上；就照明方式选取而言，环境照明、重点照明是商家常用且顾客满意的照明方式。
（2）家具专卖店视知觉特征因素的因子分析结果表明：整体空间亮度水平及分布与家具展示区域的局部亮度对比度是对被试满意度贡献率最大的两个因子，其总和贡献率接近于50%，其次是地面亮度因素，最后是光色和顶面照明，同时发现垂直面照明在照明方式中占有重要位置。
（3）让29名被试（15男、14女）对模拟的家具专卖店环境氛围进行主观评价，问卷包含空间表象、空间观感、喜好性和商业气氛四个指标。
空间表象问卷的结果分析显示：无论是在单一光源照明还是混合光源照明条件下，被试能够区别光源不同的强度和色温以及不同的照明方式（光分布）。刺激性与空间整体亮度水平和亮度分布有关，亮度分布不均匀且亮度水平较高时，刺激性较大。此外还发现环境照明方式下，相对于男性，女性对环境感觉到的色温要低，光分布要均匀。
空间观感问卷的结果分析显示：无论是在单一光源照明还是混合光源照明条件下，公共性和开阔性与色温、强度和照明方式都有关系，光源的高色温、高强度和环境照明方式有助于增加空间的开阔性，光源的低强度和重点照明方式有助于增加空间的私密感。
喜好性问卷的结果显示:被试的喜好性因照明种类的不同而有所差异，单一光源照明时，评价喜好性指标三项内容的内部一致性较高，可以进行概括描述，即被试较喜欢低色温、高强度照明条件；在混合光源照明时，对喜好性指标中的评价项目美丽感和吸引力而言，被试较喜好亮度分布不均且局部亮度对比度较高的照明条件。
商业气氛问卷的结果显示:空间的商业气氛因照明种类的不同而有所差异，单一光源照明时，评价商业气氛指标三项内容的内部一致性较高，可以进行概括描述，即低色温、高强度照明条件下商业气氛较好；在混合光源照明时，在整体亮度分布不均匀的前提下，局部亮度对比度大或者整体亮度水平较高都可以造成昂贵的氛围，
购买欲只与整体亮度分布有关，亮度分布越不均匀，被试越有购买欲，生动感只与局部亮度对比度有关，对比度越大则空间越显得生动。
（4）在实验研究基础上，提出了氛围量化光环境设计方法，分析了该方法的实现途径，并进行了设计实践。
The environment atmosphere in furniture monopolized stores was studied in the paperfrom the angle of lighting factors such as lighting method, light source intensity and sourcecolor temperature. The research was divided into two parts: investigation and experimentalresearch. Based on the research conclusions, the method of lighting design in furnituremonopolized stores was put forward, that is atmosphere quantization method and it waspracticed by an example. The main conclusions were as follows:
(1) By actual measurement of environment in furniture monopolized stores, it was foundthat,as respect to luminance contrast, local brightness contrast decided the level of visualsatisfaction of customers, and the higher the contrast was,more satisfaction was achieved. As tothe level of luminance, furniture with the surface of light color and high reflectivity neededlower level of luminance, while furniture with the surface of deep color and opacifier fabricsneeded higher level of luminance.With respect to luminance distribution, the luminancedistribution of integral space mainly concentrated on furniture products. The luminancedistribution of furniture product itself differed according to furniture shape.The luminance areaof high furniture mainly concentrated on vertical planes while the luminance area of middle andlow furniture mainly concentrated on horizontal planes. As to the selection of lighting method,vertical illumination, environmental lighting and accent lighting were commonly used by tradecompanies and customers were also satisfied with those lighting methods.
(2)The factor analysis results of lighting and characteristics of visual perception infurniture monopolized stores showed that, the level of luminance and its distribution of integralspace and local luminance contrast in the furniture display area were the two factors of biggestcontribution rate on visual satisfaction. The total contribution rate was about50%. The secondwas ground luminance factors and the last was light color and top surface lighting. It was alsofound that vertical illumination played an important role in lighting method.
(3)29subjects (15male,14female) were asked to make subjective evaluations onsimulative environment atmosphere in furniture monopolized stores.The questionnaire includedfour index:―space appearance‖,―space impressions‖,―fondness‖and―commercial ambience‖.
The analysis results of―space appearance‖questionnaire showed that, whether in a singlelighting or mixed lighting conditions, subjects could distinguish different lighting sourceintensity and different lighting methods (light distribution). Stimulation had a relation with thelevel of integral space luminance and luminance distribution. Uneven luminance distributionand higher level of luminance leaded to higher stimulation. In addition, it was found that inenvironmental lighting conditions(T8), as compared to male, female felt the temperature waswarmer and light distribution was more even. The analysis results of―space impressions‖questionnaire showed that, whether in a singlelighting or mixed lighting conditions, publicity and broadness had a relation with colortemperature, intensity and lighting method. The higher color temperature, higher intensity oflight source and environmental lighting method contributed to increase broadness of the space.Low intensity of light source and accent lighting method contributed to increase the sense ofprivacy of the space.。
The results of―preference‖questionnaire showed that, the preference of subjects differedaccording to different lighting types. When in a single lighting conditions, the internalconsistency of three evaluation contents on the index of―fondness‖was high. It could begenerally described that subjects preferred to lower color temperature and higher intensitylighting conditions. When in mixed lighting conditions, as to the evaluation items―beautifulfeelings‖and―attraction‖in the evaluation contents of fondness, subjects preferred the lightingconditions with uneven luminance distribution and high local luminance contrast.
The results of―commercial ambience‖questionnaire showed that, the commercialambience of spaces differed according to different lighting types. When in a single lightingconditions, the internal consistency of three evaluation contents on the index of―commercialambience‖was high. It could be generally described that commercial ambience was better inlow color temperature and high intensity lighting conditions. When in mixed lighting conditions,on the premise of uneven integral luminance distribution, big local luminance contrast or highlevel of integral luminance could create―expensive‖atmosphere.―The desire to purchase‖only had a relation with integral luminance distribution and the more uneven distribution leadedto greater desire to purchase.―The sense of vividness‖only had a relation with local luminancecontrast, the bigger,the more vivid.
(4) In the research on the basis of the conclusion, put forward "atmosphere quantitative"lighting design methods, will achieve specific illustrate this way, and finally with the lightingmethod of practical application.
Based on the research conclusions, the lighting design method of atmosphere quantizationwas put forward, the realization ways were specifically illustrated and finally the lightingmethod was put into practice.
（1）通过对家具专卖店光环境实测发现：就亮度对比而言，局部亮度对比度决定了顾客视觉满意度水平，对比度越高越满意；就亮度水平而言，表面浅色、高反射率的家具需要亮度水平较低，而表面深色、吸光面料的家具需要亮度水平相对较高；就亮度分布而言，整体空间的亮度分布主要集中在家具产品上，家具产品自身的亮度分布依据家具造型不同而有所差异，高型家具亮度区域主要集中在垂直面，而中低型家具则主要分布在水平面上；就照明方式选取而言，环境照明、重点照明是商家常用且顾客满意的照明方式。
（2）家具专卖店视知觉特征因素的因子分析结果表明：整体空间亮度水平及分布与家具展示区域的局部亮度对比度是对被试满意度贡献率最大的两个因子，其总和贡献率接近于50%，其次是地面亮度因素，最后是光色和顶面照明，同时发现垂直面照明在照明方式中占有重要位置。
（3）让29名被试（15男、14女）对模拟的家具专卖店环境氛围进行主观评价，问卷包含空间表象、空间观感、喜好性和商业气氛四个指标。
空间表象问卷的结果分析显示：无论是在单一光源照明还是混合光源照明条件下，被试能够区别光源不同的强度和色温以及不同的照明方式（光分布）。刺激性与空间整体亮度水平和亮度分布有关，亮度分布不均匀且亮度水平较高时，刺激性较大。此外还发现环境照明方式下，相对于男性，女性对环境感觉到的色温要低，光分布要均匀。
空间观感问卷的结果分析显示：无论是在单一光源照明还是混合光源照明条件下，公共性和开阔性与色温、强度和照明方式都有关系，光源的高色温、高强度和环境照明方式有助于增加空间的开阔性，光源的低强度和重点照明方式有助于增加空间的私密感。
喜好性问卷的结果显示:被试的喜好性因照明种类的不同而有所差异，单一光源照明时，评价喜好性指标三项内容的内部一致性较高，可以进行概括描述，即被试较喜欢低色温、高强度照明条件；在混合光源照明时，对喜好性指标中的评价项目美丽感和吸引力而言，被试较喜好亮度分布不均且局部亮度对比度较高的照明条件。
商业气氛问卷的结果显示:空间的商业气氛因照明种类的不同而有所差异，单一光源照明时，评价商业气氛指标三项内容的内部一致性较高，可以进行概括描述，即低色温、高强度照明条件下商业气氛较好；在混合光源照明时，在整体亮度分布不均匀的前提下，局部亮度对比度大或者整体亮度水平较高都可以造成昂贵的氛围，
购买欲只与整体亮度分布有关，亮度分布越不均匀，被试越有购买欲，生动感只与局部亮度对比度有关，对比度越大则空间越显得生动。
（4）在实验研究基础上，提出了氛围量化光环境设计方法，分析了该方法的实现途径，并进行了设计实践。
The environment atmosphere in furniture monopolized stores was studied in the paperfrom the angle of lighting factors such as lighting method, light source intensity and sourcecolor temperature. The research was divided into two parts: investigation and experimentalresearch. Based on the research conclusions, the method of lighting design in furnituremonopolized stores was put forward, that is atmosphere quantization method and it waspracticed by an example. The main conclusions were as follows:
(1) By actual measurement of environment in furniture monopolized stores, it was foundthat,as respect to luminance contrast, local brightness contrast decided the level of visualsatisfaction of customers, and the higher the contrast was,more satisfaction was achieved. As tothe level of luminance, furniture with the surface of light color and high reflectivity neededlower level of luminance, while furniture with the surface of deep color and opacifier fabricsneeded higher level of luminance.With respect to luminance distribution, the luminancedistribution of integral space mainly concentrated on furniture products. The luminancedistribution of furniture product itself differed according to furniture shape.The luminance areaof high furniture mainly concentrated on vertical planes while the luminance area of middle andlow furniture mainly concentrated on horizontal planes. As to the selection of lighting method,vertical illumination, environmental lighting and accent lighting were commonly used by tradecompanies and customers were also satisfied with those lighting methods.
(2)The factor analysis results of lighting and characteristics of visual perception infurniture monopolized stores showed that, the level of luminance and its distribution of integralspace and local luminance contrast in the furniture display area were the two factors of biggestcontribution rate on visual satisfaction. The total contribution rate was about50%. The secondwas ground luminance factors and the last was light color and top surface lighting. It was alsofound that vertical illumination played an important role in lighting method.
(3)29subjects (15male,14female) were asked to make subjective evaluations onsimulative environment atmosphere in furniture monopolized stores.The questionnaire includedfour index:―space appearance‖,―space impressions‖,―fondness‖and―commercial ambience‖.
The analysis results of―space appearance‖questionnaire showed that, whether in a singlelighting or mixed lighting conditions, subjects could distinguish different lighting sourceintensity and different lighting methods (light distribution). Stimulation had a relation with thelevel of integral space luminance and luminance distribution. Uneven luminance distributionand higher level of luminance leaded to higher stimulation. In addition, it was found that inenvironmental lighting conditions(T8), as compared to male, female felt the temperature waswarmer and light distribution was more even. The analysis results of―space impressions‖questionnaire showed that, whether in a singlelighting or mixed lighting conditions, publicity and broadness had a relation with colortemperature, intensity and lighting method. The higher color temperature, higher intensity oflight source and environmental lighting method contributed to increase broadness of the space.Low intensity of light source and accent lighting method contributed to increase the sense ofprivacy of the space.。
The results of―preference‖questionnaire showed that, the preference of subjects differedaccording to different lighting types. When in a single lighting conditions, the internalconsistency of three evaluation contents on the index of―fondness‖was high. It could begenerally described that subjects preferred to lower color temperature and higher intensitylighting conditions. When in mixed lighting conditions, as to the evaluation items―beautifulfeelings‖and―attraction‖in the evaluation contents of fondness, subjects preferred the lightingconditions with uneven luminance distribution and high local luminance contrast.
The results of―commercial ambience‖questionnaire showed that, the commercialambience of spaces differed according to different lighting types. When in a single lightingconditions, the internal consistency of three evaluation contents on the index of―commercialambience‖was high. It could be generally described that commercial ambience was better inlow color temperature and high intensity lighting conditions. When in mixed lighting conditions,on the premise of uneven integral luminance distribution, big local luminance contrast or highlevel of integral luminance could create―expensive‖atmosphere.―The desire to purchase‖only had a relation with integral luminance distribution and the more uneven distribution leadedto greater desire to purchase.―The sense of vividness‖only had a relation with local luminancecontrast, the bigger,the more vivid.
(4) In the research on the basis of the conclusion, put forward "atmosphere quantitative"lighting design methods, will achieve specific illustrate this way, and finally with the lightingmethod of practical application.
Based on the research conclusions, the lighting design method of atmosphere quantizationwas put forward, the realization ways were specifically illustrated and finally the lightingmethod was put into practice.
引文
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[7]章明，视觉认知心理学，华东师范大学，1991
[8]曾宪楷，视觉传达设计，北京理工大学，1991
[9]杨公侠，视觉与视觉环境，同济大学出版社，1985
[10]杨公侠，视觉工效学，1991
[1] G.A. Alvarez and P. Cavanagh，The Capacity of Visual Short-term Memory Is Set Both by VisualInformation Load and by Number of Objects[J], Psychological Science, Volume15, Number2, February2003.
[2] Sekuler, R.&Blake, R.(2002) Perception,4th edition[M]. New York: McGraw-Hill.
[1][日]照明学会编李农杨燕译照明手册.科学出版社，2005
[2]詹庆旋.照明质量评价——定量的和非定量的.海峡两岸第六届照明科技与营销研讨会.1999
[3]朱长岭.(2011).中国家具业前景展望[J].家具，14-18.
[4]穆亚平.家具的视觉传达设计[J].西北林学院学报.2000,15(4):87-90
[5]胡庆奎等.板式民用家具专卖店科学光环境的营造[J].家具与室内装饰.2005.
[6]陆燕，姚梦明，商店照明，复旦大学出版社，2004.
[7]庞薀繁，视觉与照明，中国铁道出版社，1993.
[8]申黎明，人体工程学，北京林业出版社，2010.
[9]章明，视觉认知心理学，华东师范大学出版社，1991.
[10]杨公侠，视觉与视觉环境，同济大学出版社，1985.
[11]郝洛西,杨公侠.关于购物环境视觉诱目性的主观评价研究[J].同济大学学报.1998,2(5):585-589
[12]沈迎九.垂直面照明—照明设计的重要表现方式之一[J].室内ID+C.2007.(4)80-83
[13]王保进，英文视窗版SPSS与行为科学研究，第三版，北京大学出版社，2007
[14]曾宪楷，视觉传达设计，北京理工大学，1991
[15]杨公侠，视觉工效学，1991
[1] Philips lighting，Shop lighting application guide，Philips.
[2] Erco lighting，lighting application guide，Erco.
[3] Veitch, J. A. Psychological processes influencing lighting quality [J]. Journal of the Illuminating Engineering Society,2001,30(1),124-140.
[4] Nik Maheran Nik Muhammad. Influence of Shopping Orientation and Store Image on Patronage of Furniture Store[J].International Journal of Marketing Studies,2010,175-184.
[5] Giraldi, J.M.E. et.al. Retail store image: a comparison among theoretical and empirical dimensions in a Brazilianstudy[J].2005
[6] R.Michon et al. the interaction effects of the mall environment on shopping behavior [J].Journal of Business Research.2005,58:576-583
[7] Donovan et al. the interaction effects of the mall environment on shopping behavior [J]. Journal of RetailingVolume70,Issue3, autumn1994, Pages283–294.
[8] Kordelia Spies et al, Store atmosphere and purchasing behavior [J].Journal of Research in Marketing.14(1997)1-17.
[9] Ingrid Vogels. Atmosphere Metrics: a tool to quantify perceived atmosphere.[J]2008,http://www.ambiances.net/files/Colloque%202008%20Grenoble/amb8-1vogels.pdf
[10] Stevens, S.S. the psychophysics of sensory function in W.A. Rosenblith (Eds.) Sensory Communication [J], Cambrigde,1961.
[11] Davis, R. G.&Ginthner, D. N. Correlated color temperature, illuminance level, and the KruithofCurve [J]. Journal of the Illuminating Engineering Society,19(1990),27-38.
[12] Baron, R.A., M.S. Rea and S.G. Daniels. Effects of indoor lighting (illuminance and spectral Distribution) on theperformance of cognitive tasks and interpersonal behaviors: The potential Mediating role of positive affect[J]. Motivation andEmotion,1(1992),1-33.
[13] McCloughan, C. L. B., Aspinall, P. A.&Webb, R. S. The impact of lighting on mood [J]. LightingResearch and Technology,31(1999),81-88.
[14] Ays-e Durak et al, Impact of lighting arrangements and illuminances on different impressions of a room[J]Building andEnvironment42(2007)3476–3482
[15] T.A.M. van Erp, The effects of lighting characteristics on atmosphere perception[D]. Eindhoven University of Technology-Department of Technology Management Educational Program Technical Innovation Science Master’s Program HumanTechnology Interaction,2008
[16] Knez, I.,&Enmarker, I.(1998). Effects of office lighting on mood and cognitive performance, and a gender effect inwork-related judgement [J]. Environment and Behavior,4,553-567.
[17]Knez, I.,&Kers, C.(2000). Effects of indoor lighting, gender and age on mood and cognitive performance [J]. Environmentand Behavior,6,817-831.
[18] De Boer J B et al.nterioe Lighting.(2nd, Edt), Philips Technical Library. Kluwer Technische BoekenB.V-Denverter-Antwerpen,1981,97-100.
[19]Bodmann H W.Quality of interior lighting based on luminance.Transactions of the IES，London:1967，3(1):22一40.
[20]Davis Robert G et al. Correlated color temperature, illuminance level, and the Kruithof curve.J.I.E.S.Winter,1990:27-38.
[21]Boyce P R et al. Effect of correlated colour temperature on the Perception of interiors and colour discriminationPerformance[J].Lighting Research and Technology,1990,22(1):19-36.
[22]D K Tiller&Veitch. Perceived room brightness: Pilot study on the effect of luminance distribution[J],1994,27(2)93-101.
[23] Kw House et al.The subjective response to linear fluorescent direct/indirect lighting system [J].lighting Researchtechnology.2002,34(3):243-264
[24] Seiders, K., and Costley, C.L.(1994). Price awareness of consumers exposed to intense retail rivalry: a field study[J],Advanced in Consumers Research, l.21:79-85
[25] Fleischer, S., Krueger, H.,&Schierz C. Effect of brightness distribution and light colours on office staff[J], The9thEuropean Lighting Conference Proceeding Book of Lux Europa,(2001).77-80, Reykjavik.
[26] Flynn, J.E. A study of subjective responses to low energy and nonuniform lighting systems[J]. Lighting Design andApplication,(1977)7,6-15.
[27] Flynn, J.E., Spencer, T.J. The effect of light source color on user impression and satisfaction[J]. Journal of the IlluminatingEngineering Society,(1977)6,167-179.
[28]Graziano, A.M.&Raulin, M.L. Research Methods: A Process of Inquiry. Fifth edition. Allyn and Bacon.2004
[29]Harrington, RE. Effect of color temperature on apparent brightness [J]. Journal of the Optical Society of America,(1954)44,(2),113-116.
[30]Higgins, K.E., Jaffe M. J., Caruso, R. C.&deMonasterio, F. M. Spatial contrast sensitivity: effects of age, test-retest, andpsychophysical method[J]. Journal of the Optical Society of America,(1988)5,2173-2180.
[31]Hygge, S.&Knez, Effects of noise, heat and indoor lighting on affect and cognitive[J]. Performance. Journal ofEnvironmental Psychology,(2001),21,291-299.
[32] Lazarus, R. S. Emotion and adaptation. New York: Oxford University Press.1991
[33] Ekman, P. An argument for basic emotions [J]. Cognition and Emotion,(1992)6,169-200.
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[37] Julie Baker, A Parasuraman, Dhruv Grewal, Glenn B Voss.The influence of multiple store environment cues on perceivedmerchandise value and Patronage intentions[J].Journal of Marketing; Apr2002;66,2; ABI/INFORM Global pg.120
[38]Turley,L.W.&Miliman,R.E.Atmospheric effects on shopping behavior: a review of the experimental evidence[J], Journal ofBusiness Research,(2000),49,193-211.
[39]Bitner, M. J.Evaluating service Encounter: The Effects of Physical Surroundings and Employee Responses [J]. Journal ofMarketing,(1990),54,69-84
[40]Baker,J,Parasuraman,A,Grewal,D&Vos,G,B.The Influence of Multiple Store Environment Cues on perceived merchandiseValue and Patronage Intentions[J].Journal of Marketing,(2002),66,120-141.
[41] Küller, R. Ballal, S.&Laike, T. The impact of light and colour on psychological mood: a cross-cultural study of indoorwork environments. Ergonomics,(2006),49,1496-1507.
[42]P.Custers et al. lighting in retail environments: Atmosphere perception in the real world [J].lighting Researchtechnology.2010,42:331-343
[43]Kw House et al.The subjective response to linear fluorescent direct/indirect lighting system [J].lighting Researchtechnology.2002,34(3):243-264
[44]Dale K.Tifler et al.Semantic differential scaling: Prospects in lighting research[J].lighting Researchtechnology.1992,24(1):43-52
[45] G.A. Alvarez and P. Cavanagh，The Capacity of Visual Short-term Memory Is Set Both by Visual Information Load and byNumber of Objects[J], Psychological Science, Volume15, Number2, February2003.
[46] Sekuler, R.&Blake, R.(2002) Perception,4th edition[M]. New York: McGraw-Hill.
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[2][日]照明学会编李农杨燕译照明手册.科学出版社，2005
[3] Philips lighting，Shop lighting application guide，Philips.
[4] Erco lighting，lighting application guide，Erco.
[5]詹庆旋.照明质量评价——定量的和非定量的.海峡两岸第六届照明科技与营销研讨会.1999
[6] Veitch, J. A. Psychological processes influencing lighting quality [J]. Journal of the Illuminating Engineering Society,2001,30(1),124-140.
[7]穆亚平.家具的视觉传达设计[J].西北林学院学报.2000,15(4):87-90
[8] Nik Maheran Nik Muhammad. Influence of Shopping Orientation and Store Image on Patronage of Furniture Store[J].International Journal of Marketing Studies,2010,175-184.
[9] Giraldi, J.M.E. et.al. Retail store image: a comparison among theoretical and empirical dimensions in a Brazilianstudy[J].2005
[10] R.Michon et al. the interaction effects of the mall environment on shopping behavior [J].Journal of Business Research.2005,58:576-583
[11]胡庆奎等.板式民用家具专卖店科学光环境的营造[J].家具与室内装饰.2005.
[12] Donovan et al. the interaction effects of the mall environment on shopping behavior [J]. Journal of RetailingVolume70,Issue3, autumn1994, Pages283–294.
[13] Kordelia Spies et al, Store atmosphere and purchasing behavior [J].Journal of Research in Marketing.14(1997)1-17.
[14] Ingrid Vogels. Atmosphere Metrics: a tool to quantify perceived atmosphere.[J]2008,http://www.ambiances.net/files/Colloque%202008%20Grenoble/amb8-1vogels.pdf
[15] Stevens, S.S. the psychophysics of sensory function in W.A. Rosenblith (Eds.) Sensory Communication [J], Cambrigde,1961.
[16] Davis, R. G.&Ginthner, D. N. Correlated color temperature, illuminance level, and the KruithofCurve [J]. Journal of the Illuminating Engineering Society,19(1990),27-38.
[17] Baron, R.A., M.S. Rea and S.G. Daniels. Effects of indoor lighting (illuminance and spectral Distribution) on theperformance of cognitive tasks and interpersonal behaviors: The potential Mediating role of positive affect[J]. Motivation andEmotion,1(1992),1-33.
[18] McCloughan, C. L. B., Aspinall, P. A.&Webb, R. S. The impact of lighting on mood [J]. LightingResearch and Technology,31(1999),81-88.
[19] Ays-e Durak et al, Impact of lighting arrangements and illuminances on different impressions of a room[J]Building andEnvironment42(2007)3476–3482
[20] T.A.M. van Erp, The effects of lighting characteristics on atmosphere perception[D]. Eindhoven University of Technology-Department of Technology Management Educational Program Technical Innovation Science Master’s Program HumanTechnology Interaction,2008
[21] Knez, I.,&Enmarker, I.(1998). Effects of office lighting on mood and cognitive performance, and a gender effect inwork-related judgement [J]. Environment and Behavior,4,553-567.
[22]Knez, I.,&Kers, C.(2000). Effects of indoor lighting, gender and age on mood and cognitive performance [J]. Environmentand Behavior,6,817-831.
[23] De Boer J B et al.nterioe Lighting.(2nd, Edt), Philips Technical Library. Kluwer Technische BoekenB.V-Denverter-Antwerpen,1981,97-100.
[24]Bodmann H W.Quality of interior lighting based on luminance.Transactions of the IES，London:1967，3(1):22一40.
[25]Davis Robert G et al. Correlated color temperature, illumiance level, and the Kruithof curve.J.I.E.S.Winter,1990:27-38.
[26]Boyce P R et al. Effect of correlated colour temperature on the Perception of interiors and colour discriminationPerformance[J].Lighting Research and Technology,1990,22(1):19-36.
[27]D K Tiller&Veitch. Perceived room brightness: Pilot study on the effect of luminance distribution[J],1994,27(2)93-101.
[28] Kw House et al.The subjective response to linear fluorescent direct/indirect lighting system [J].lighting Researchtechnology.2002,34(3):243-264
[29] Seiders, K., and Costley, C.L.(1994). Price awareness of consumers exposed to intense retail rivalry: a field study[J],Advanced in Consumers Research, l.21:79-85
[30] Fleischer, S., Krueger, H.,&Schierz C. Effect of brightness distribution and light colours on office staff[J], The9thEuropean Lighting Conference Proceeding Book of Lux Europa,(2001).77-80, Reykjavik.
[31] Flynn, J.E. A study of subjective responses to low energy and nonuniform lighting systems[J]. Lighting Design andApplication,(1977)7,6-15.
[32] Flynn, J.E., Spencer, T.J. The effect of light source color on user impression and satisfaction[J]. Journal of the IlluminatingEngineering Society,(1977)6,167-179.
[33]Graziano, A.M.&Raulin, M.L. Research Methods: A Process of Inquiry. Fifth edition. Allyn and Bacon.2004
[34]Harrington, RE. Effect of color temperature on apparent brightness [J]. Journal of the Optical Society of America,(1954)44,(2),113-116.
[35]Higgins, K.E., Jaffe M. J., Caruso, R. C.&deMonasterio, F. M. Spatial contrast sensitivity: effects of age, test-retest, andpsychophysical method[J]. Journal of the Optical Society of America,(1988)5,2173-2180.
[36]Hygge, S.&Knez, Effects of noise, heat and indoor lighting on affect and cognitive[J]. Performance. Journal ofEnvironmental Psychology,(2001),21,291-299.
[1] T.A.M. van Erp, The effects of lighting characteristics on atmosphere perception. Eindhoven Universityof Technology-Department of Technology Management Educational Program Technical Innovation ScienceMaster’s Program Human Technology Interaction,2008
[2] Lazarus, R. S. Emotion and adaptation. New York: Oxford University Press.1991
[3] Ekman, P. An argument for basic emotions [J]. Cognition and Emotion,(1992)6,169-200.
[4] Mehrabian, A.,&Russell, J.A. The basic emotional impact of environments [J]. Perceptual and MotorSkills,(1974),38,283-301.
[5] Watson D, Clark LA, Tellegen A. Development and validation of brief measures of positive and negativeaffect: the PANAS scales [J]. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology,(1988),54,6,1063-70.
[6]Russell J.A, Ward L.M&Pratt G. Affective quality attributived to environments: A factor analytic study[J],Environment and Behavior,1981,13,311-322.
[7] Julie Baker, A Parasuraman, Dhruv Grewal, Glenn B Voss.The influence of multiple store environmentcues on perceived merchandise value and Patronage intentions[J].Journal of Marketing; Apr2002;66,2;ABI/INFORM Global pg.120
[8] Yasmin Hassan et al. Influence of Shopping Orientation and Store Image on Patronage of FurnitureStore[J]. International Journal of Marketing Studies, May2010Vol.2, No.1.175-184.
[9]Turley,L.W.&Miliman,R.E.Atmospheric effects on shopping behavior: a review of the experimentalevidence[J], Journal of Business Research,(2000),49,193-211.
[10]Bitner, M. J.Evaluating service Encounter: The Effects of Physical Surroundings and EmployeeResponses [J]. Journal of Marketing,(1990),54,69-84
[11]Baker,J,Parasuraman,A,Grewal,D&Vos,G,B.The Influence of Multiple Store Environment Cues onperceived merchandise Value and Patronage Intentions[J].Journal of Marketing,(2002),66,120-141.
[12] Küller, R. Ballal, S.&Laike, T. The impact of light and colour on psychological mood: a cross-culturalstudy of indoor work environments. Ergonomics,(2006),49,1496-1507.
[13]陆燕，姚梦明，商店照明，复旦大学出版社，2004.
[14]庞薀繁，视觉与照明，中国铁道出版社，1993.
[15]申黎明，人体工程学，中国林业出版社，2010.
[16]章明，视觉认知心理学，华东师范大学出版社，1991.
[17]杨公侠，视觉与视觉环境，同济大学出版社，1985.
[1]P.Custers et al. lighting in retail environments: Atmosphere perception in the real world [J].lightingResearch technology.2010,42:331-343
[2]Kw House et al.The subjective response to linear fluorescent direct/indirect lighting system [J].lightingResearch technology.2002,34(3):243-264
[3]郝洛西,杨公侠.关于购物环境视觉诱目性的主观评价研究[J].同济大学学报.1998,2(5):585-589
[4]沈迎九.垂直面照明—照明设计的重要表现方式之一[J].室内ID+C.2007.(4)80-83
[5]Dale K.Tifler et al.Semantic differential scaling: Prospects in lighting research[J].lighting Researchtechnology.1992,24(1):43-52
[1] G.A. Alvarez and P. Cavanagh，The Capacity of Visual Short-term Memory Is Set Both by VisualInformation Load and by Number of Objects[J], Psychological Science, Volume15, Number2, February2003.
[2]T.A.M. van Erp, The effects of lighting characteristics on atmosphere perception. Eindhoven University ofTechnology-Department of Technology Management Educational Program Technical Innovation ScienceMaster’s Program Human Technology Interaction,2008
[3] Dale K. Tifler and Mark S. Rea Semantic differential scaling: Prospects in lighting research[J], LightingResearch and Technology,1992,24(1)43-52
[4]王保进，英文视窗版SPSS与行为科学研究，第三版，北京大学出版社，2007
[5] Boyce, P. R.. Human factors in lighting.2003.London: Taylor&Francis.
[6Küller, R. Ballal, S.&Laike, T. The impact of light and colour on psychological mood: a cross-cultural study of indoor work environments. Ergonomics,2006,49,1496-1507.
[7]章明，视觉认知心理学，华东师范大学，1991
[8]曾宪楷，视觉传达设计，北京理工大学，1991
[9]杨公侠，视觉与视觉环境，同济大学出版社，1985
[10]杨公侠，视觉工效学，1991
[1] G.A. Alvarez and P. Cavanagh，The Capacity of Visual Short-term Memory Is Set Both by VisualInformation Load and by Number of Objects[J], Psychological Science, Volume15, Number2, February2003.
[2] Sekuler, R.&Blake, R.(2002) Perception,4th edition[M]. New York: McGraw-Hill.
[1][日]照明学会编李农杨燕译照明手册.科学出版社，2005
[2]詹庆旋.照明质量评价——定量的和非定量的.海峡两岸第六届照明科技与营销研讨会.1999
[3]朱长岭.(2011).中国家具业前景展望[J].家具，14-18.
[4]穆亚平.家具的视觉传达设计[J].西北林学院学报.2000,15(4):87-90
[5]胡庆奎等.板式民用家具专卖店科学光环境的营造[J].家具与室内装饰.2005.
[6]陆燕，姚梦明，商店照明，复旦大学出版社，2004.
[7]庞薀繁，视觉与照明，中国铁道出版社，1993.
[8]申黎明，人体工程学，北京林业出版社，2010.
[9]章明，视觉认知心理学，华东师范大学出版社，1991.
[10]杨公侠，视觉与视觉环境，同济大学出版社，1985.
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