非致冷红外焦平面探测器系统中若干关键技术的研究
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摘要
热成像技术又称红外夜视技术,是构成夜视技术的主要技术之一。这里指的是所谓被动红外夜视技术,主要借助于目标自身发射的红外辐射,通过将红外光谱区的信息转换为人眼可识别的可见光信号,实现黑暗条件下的观察与跟踪。热成像技术的核心器件是红外探测器,其中非致冷型的红外探测器以其价格、体积和重量方面的优势在民用、工业和军事领域中获得广泛的应用。
本文针对红外焦平面探测器系统在包括夜间及野外环境下的实际应用的需要开展研究,给出一个非致冷红外焦平面探测器系统及其电源管理系统的设计。论文研究的内容包括非致冷型红外焦平面探测器的信号处理电路、红外焦平面非均匀性的校正方法、光伏电源管理系统最大功率点跟踪控制系统、光伏电池充电控制器系统、自适应伪连续导通模式控制的单电感多(双)输出Buck控制器系统等,在深入探讨和分析与之相关的原理和方法基础上,提出了该探测器系统的总体构成,确定了相应的控制策略,设计与研制了相应的电路芯片。测试与仿真的结果表明主要的设计目标均已实现。
本文的主要研究工作和创新成果在于：(1)在深入研究电阻测辐射热计、热电探测器、铁电测辐射热计和温差电探测器等几种测辐射热计性能的基础上,针对采用热敏电阻测辐射热计方案,提出相应的版图工艺流程和探测器的主要性能指标。在此基础上,在Spectre环境下,对320×240像素单元面阵的信号处理电路进行设计和仿真验证,电路包括数字控制部分和像元电路、盲元电路、积分器及采样电路等模拟控制部分,特别对信号处理电路中的噪声问题进行了深入分析。系统仿真结果符合预期,芯片进行了流片试制和测试验证,并对结果进行了分析。
(2)在总结两点温度定标法、恒定统计平均法、高通滤波校正算法、人工神经网络法、基于场景的代数算法和基于干扰抵消原理的自适应算法等红外焦平面探测器非均匀性校正算法的基础上,提出自适应定标非均匀性校正算法,该方法能根据环境温度的变化,实时调整非均匀性校正的增益系数和偏移系数,经matlab仿真验证表明所预期的目标均可实现。
(3)针对其移动应用的特点,给出一个可用光伏电池供电的红外焦平面探测器系统电源管理系统(包括能量获取、充电控制和能量分配三个部分),重点解决了光伏电池的最大功率点跟踪和蓄电池组的充电控制。在分析研究固定电压法、干扰观测法和电导增量法等光伏电池最大功率点跟踪策略的基础上,提出集成固定电压法和干扰观测法两种最大功率点跟踪算法的光伏电池最大功率点跟踪策略；针对红外焦平面探测器系统实际工作条件和蓄电池充电控制的需要,提出四阶段充电方式的充电控制策略。上述控制芯片经流片试制和测试,结果符合预期。此外,针对系统需要多电源电压供电的实际情况,提出一种单电感多输出Buck控制器的电路结构,其中采用伪连续导通模式(PCCM)控制方案以防止交叉干扰并实现较大的驱动能力,且能根据输出负载变化实时调整充电电流等级,实现自适应控制。
整篇论文对非致冷红外焦平面探测器系统及其电源管理系统中的若干关键技术进行深入研究和讨论,从系统构成、电路设计、控制策略与算法到后端实现等均进行了细致的工作。并取得了一些好的结果,为非致冷红外焦平面探测器系统的研究与实用化积累了有益的经验。
The thermal imaging technology, or infrared (IR) imaging technology, is one of the most important night vision technologies. By converting the information in infrared band into the naked eye recognizable one, or visible signal, it can realize observing and tracking in the dark conditions. The core device in the thermal imaging technology is the IR detectors. Among them, the uncooled infrared detector has got broad application in the civil, industrial and military areas due to its advantages in price, volume and weight.
In the light of the night or outdoors application, this dissertation proposed an uncooled infrared focal plane detector system and its power management system. In this system, the following parts have been researched and discussed as the key techniques including the signal processing circuit of uncooled infrared focal plane detector, the non-uniformity correction method of infrared focal plane, the maximum power point tracking (MPPT) control system of photovoltaic cells, the battery charger control system of photovoltaic cells, and the single inductor multiple (dual) outputs (SIDO) Buck converter controller with self-adapted pseudo continuous conduction modes (PCCM). After comprehensive investigation and thorough analysis, the detector system's structure has been proposed, and the control scheme has been decided. Circuit chips have been designed, processed, and tested, and the test results agree with the expects.
The main works and innovation achievements are shown as follows.
(1) Based on the research of infrared detect resistor, pyroelectric bolometer, ferroelectric bolometer, and temperature differential electric detector, the scheme of using infrared sensitivity resistor has been proposed, and the correspondent floorplan process and specification of detector have also been proposed. Then the 320X240 pixels array signal processing circuit has been designed and simulated, the circuit of which including digital control part and active pixel signal process circuit, blind pixel signal process circuit, integrator circuit, sampling circuit and etc. The noise issue has been discussed deeply. The simulation results agree with what has been expected for. The chip has been processed in HHNEC 0.5um process, the test result has been analyzed.
(2) Based on the summary of the two points temperature correction method, the constant statistic average method, the high pass filter correction method, the artificial neural network method, the algebra algorithm based on scene, and the self-adapted algorithm based on the interference cancelled principle, a new self-adapted correction algorithm of non-uniformity has been proposed. This method can adjust the gain factor and offset factor of the non-uniformity correction according with the variation of temperature. The test results have been verified by simulation results in Matlab.
(3) In the light of mobile application of this system, the power management system of infrared focal plane detector has been proposed which can utilize the photovoltaic energy. The power management system includes three parts:energy acquisition part, charging control part and energy assignment part. The maximum power point tracking of photovoltaic cells and charging control of batteries have been solved as important issues. Based on the analysis of three MPPT control policy, which are constant voltage method, interference observation method, and the conductance increment method, a new MPPT control policy which integrates the two methods of constant voltage method and interference observation method, has been proposed. This chip has been processed and tested, the function has been achieved. In the light of the working condition of infrared focal plane detector and the battery charge control, a new battery charge control circuit has been brought up, which utilizes four phases charge method. The chip has also been processed and tested, the test results verifies the design idea. Besides, in the light of multiple power supplies of the infrared focal plane detector, a new Buck converter controller with single inductor multiple (dual) outputs (SIDO) structure has been proposed. To prevent the crosstalk and realize large drive ability, the pseudo continuous conduction mode scheme has been proposed. And the load current level can be adjusted according with the load conditions, therefore the self-adapted control has been realized.
This dissertation has given a deep research and analysis of the important technology of the uncooled infrared focal plane detector system and its power management. The research work includes system constituted, circuit designed, control scheme with algorithm and back-end realization. The good results have been achieved. The accumulated experience will give positive impetus to the research and realization of uncooled infrared focal plane detector system.
本文针对红外焦平面探测器系统在包括夜间及野外环境下的实际应用的需要开展研究,给出一个非致冷红外焦平面探测器系统及其电源管理系统的设计。论文研究的内容包括非致冷型红外焦平面探测器的信号处理电路、红外焦平面非均匀性的校正方法、光伏电源管理系统最大功率点跟踪控制系统、光伏电池充电控制器系统、自适应伪连续导通模式控制的单电感多(双)输出Buck控制器系统等,在深入探讨和分析与之相关的原理和方法基础上,提出了该探测器系统的总体构成,确定了相应的控制策略,设计与研制了相应的电路芯片。测试与仿真的结果表明主要的设计目标均已实现。
本文的主要研究工作和创新成果在于：(1)在深入研究电阻测辐射热计、热电探测器、铁电测辐射热计和温差电探测器等几种测辐射热计性能的基础上,针对采用热敏电阻测辐射热计方案,提出相应的版图工艺流程和探测器的主要性能指标。在此基础上,在Spectre环境下,对320×240像素单元面阵的信号处理电路进行设计和仿真验证,电路包括数字控制部分和像元电路、盲元电路、积分器及采样电路等模拟控制部分,特别对信号处理电路中的噪声问题进行了深入分析。系统仿真结果符合预期,芯片进行了流片试制和测试验证,并对结果进行了分析。
(2)在总结两点温度定标法、恒定统计平均法、高通滤波校正算法、人工神经网络法、基于场景的代数算法和基于干扰抵消原理的自适应算法等红外焦平面探测器非均匀性校正算法的基础上,提出自适应定标非均匀性校正算法,该方法能根据环境温度的变化,实时调整非均匀性校正的增益系数和偏移系数,经matlab仿真验证表明所预期的目标均可实现。
(3)针对其移动应用的特点,给出一个可用光伏电池供电的红外焦平面探测器系统电源管理系统(包括能量获取、充电控制和能量分配三个部分),重点解决了光伏电池的最大功率点跟踪和蓄电池组的充电控制。在分析研究固定电压法、干扰观测法和电导增量法等光伏电池最大功率点跟踪策略的基础上,提出集成固定电压法和干扰观测法两种最大功率点跟踪算法的光伏电池最大功率点跟踪策略；针对红外焦平面探测器系统实际工作条件和蓄电池充电控制的需要,提出四阶段充电方式的充电控制策略。上述控制芯片经流片试制和测试,结果符合预期。此外,针对系统需要多电源电压供电的实际情况,提出一种单电感多输出Buck控制器的电路结构,其中采用伪连续导通模式(PCCM)控制方案以防止交叉干扰并实现较大的驱动能力,且能根据输出负载变化实时调整充电电流等级,实现自适应控制。
整篇论文对非致冷红外焦平面探测器系统及其电源管理系统中的若干关键技术进行深入研究和讨论,从系统构成、电路设计、控制策略与算法到后端实现等均进行了细致的工作。并取得了一些好的结果,为非致冷红外焦平面探测器系统的研究与实用化积累了有益的经验。
The thermal imaging technology, or infrared (IR) imaging technology, is one of the most important night vision technologies. By converting the information in infrared band into the naked eye recognizable one, or visible signal, it can realize observing and tracking in the dark conditions. The core device in the thermal imaging technology is the IR detectors. Among them, the uncooled infrared detector has got broad application in the civil, industrial and military areas due to its advantages in price, volume and weight.
In the light of the night or outdoors application, this dissertation proposed an uncooled infrared focal plane detector system and its power management system. In this system, the following parts have been researched and discussed as the key techniques including the signal processing circuit of uncooled infrared focal plane detector, the non-uniformity correction method of infrared focal plane, the maximum power point tracking (MPPT) control system of photovoltaic cells, the battery charger control system of photovoltaic cells, and the single inductor multiple (dual) outputs (SIDO) Buck converter controller with self-adapted pseudo continuous conduction modes (PCCM). After comprehensive investigation and thorough analysis, the detector system's structure has been proposed, and the control scheme has been decided. Circuit chips have been designed, processed, and tested, and the test results agree with the expects.
The main works and innovation achievements are shown as follows.
(1) Based on the research of infrared detect resistor, pyroelectric bolometer, ferroelectric bolometer, and temperature differential electric detector, the scheme of using infrared sensitivity resistor has been proposed, and the correspondent floorplan process and specification of detector have also been proposed. Then the 320X240 pixels array signal processing circuit has been designed and simulated, the circuit of which including digital control part and active pixel signal process circuit, blind pixel signal process circuit, integrator circuit, sampling circuit and etc. The noise issue has been discussed deeply. The simulation results agree with what has been expected for. The chip has been processed in HHNEC 0.5um process, the test result has been analyzed.
(2) Based on the summary of the two points temperature correction method, the constant statistic average method, the high pass filter correction method, the artificial neural network method, the algebra algorithm based on scene, and the self-adapted algorithm based on the interference cancelled principle, a new self-adapted correction algorithm of non-uniformity has been proposed. This method can adjust the gain factor and offset factor of the non-uniformity correction according with the variation of temperature. The test results have been verified by simulation results in Matlab.
(3) In the light of mobile application of this system, the power management system of infrared focal plane detector has been proposed which can utilize the photovoltaic energy. The power management system includes three parts:energy acquisition part, charging control part and energy assignment part. The maximum power point tracking of photovoltaic cells and charging control of batteries have been solved as important issues. Based on the analysis of three MPPT control policy, which are constant voltage method, interference observation method, and the conductance increment method, a new MPPT control policy which integrates the two methods of constant voltage method and interference observation method, has been proposed. This chip has been processed and tested, the function has been achieved. In the light of the working condition of infrared focal plane detector and the battery charge control, a new battery charge control circuit has been brought up, which utilizes four phases charge method. The chip has also been processed and tested, the test results verifies the design idea. Besides, in the light of multiple power supplies of the infrared focal plane detector, a new Buck converter controller with single inductor multiple (dual) outputs (SIDO) structure has been proposed. To prevent the crosstalk and realize large drive ability, the pseudo continuous conduction mode scheme has been proposed. And the load current level can be adjusted according with the load conditions, therefore the self-adapted control has been realized.
This dissertation has given a deep research and analysis of the important technology of the uncooled infrared focal plane detector system and its power management. The research work includes system constituted, circuit designed, control scheme with algorithm and back-end realization. The good results have been achieved. The accumulated experience will give positive impetus to the research and realization of uncooled infrared focal plane detector system.
引文
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