船用E级钢三丝GMAW对接焊工艺研究
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摘要
船舶工业是为国防建设、航运交通和海洋开发提供主要装备的战略性产业,焊接技术是船舶生产的关键技术之一。而高速、高效的多丝焊(双丝焊和三丝焊)是当前国内外焊接领域所关注的研究课题。本文开展了多丝GMAW对船用E级钢焊接接头性能和质量的影响研究。研究成果将为船舶制造企业采用高效、高速、优质的多电极弧焊技术,提高其制造技术水平提供技术支持。
本文构建了三丝对接焊焊接试验平台。开展了单丝焊、双丝焊及三丝焊焊接工艺参数对焊缝成形的影响研究,同时进行了工艺参数对船用E级钢焊接接头微观组织演变规律的研究;基于焊接接头拉伸强度和-40℃的夏氏V型缺口冲击试验及硬度测定,研究了微观组织与接头性能之间的影射关系。
试验结果表明:(1)以堆焊作为切入点,发现单丝焊/双丝焊/三丝焊的焊接效率近似满足1:2:3;三丝焊的两相区为细小P及块状F组织;细晶区以B粒为主并包含少量块状F组织;粗晶区以B粒为主并含有极少量B上;焊缝为柱状F先、B粒和少量F针。另外,当线能量分别为42500J/cm,34000J/cm,28333J/cm时,三丝焊堆焊组织和硬度并没有明显变化。(2)在文中焊接参数下,对接焊焊缝成形良好,且单丝焊/双丝焊/三丝焊的对接焊速度近似满足2:5:8。(3)三丝对接焊微观组织分别为焊缝区F先+P+粒状B+针状F;粗晶区和细晶区同为P+F,但细晶区晶粒细小;两相区为细小P+块状F。组织对比可见,单丝焊/双丝焊/三丝焊的微观组织分布基本相同,但单丝焊和双丝焊的焊缝区出现B上。(4)参考NB/T 47014-2011焊接工艺评定标准,三丝焊对接接头抗拉强度为560MPa,断裂发生在母材;焊缝-40℃的冲击功为44J;冲击断口形貌以准解理断裂为主,并包含少量解理断裂和韧窝断裂。
Shipbuilding industry is a strategic industry, which provides major equipments to national defense, marine exploitation. And welding technology is one of the key technologies about shipbuilding. High-speed, high-efficient multi-wire welding is current domestic and international research focus. This paper launched the influence of multi-wire GMAW to marine grade E steel welded joint performance and quality. And this research can provide technical support of high-efficient, high-quality multi-wire welding to ship-build enterprises.
This paper built the three-wire butt welding test platform. Studied the single-/twin-/triple-wire welding process, and the microstructure . Besides, basing on tensile strength of welded joints, hardness measurement and -40℃V-notch impact test , the paper studied the relationship between microstructure and mechanical properties of welding joints .
The results showed that: (1) About build-up welding, the single-/twin-/triple-wire welding efficiency ratio approximately meet 1:2:3. The microstructure of triple-wire welding is similar to single/ twin-wire welding. In addition, when the linear energy of triple-wire welding are 42500J/cm,34000J/cm,28333J/cm, the hardness and microstructure did not change significantly. (2) Get the fine butt welding parameters. The single-/twin-/triple-wire welding efficiency ratio approximately meet 2:5:8. (3) The microstructure of triple-wire welding is: pro-eutectoid ferrite +P+ granular bainite + acicular ferrite in weld seam; P+F in fine grain zone and coarse grain zone; block F and small P in two-phase region.(4) The tensile strength of triple-wire welding was 560MPa, and the fracture occurred at the base metal; the impact toughness was 44J at -40℃; Impact fracture morphology mainly quasi-cleavage fracture, and contained a small amount cleavage and dimple fracture. These mechanical meet the welding procedure qualification standards (NB/T 47014-2011).
本文构建了三丝对接焊焊接试验平台。开展了单丝焊、双丝焊及三丝焊焊接工艺参数对焊缝成形的影响研究,同时进行了工艺参数对船用E级钢焊接接头微观组织演变规律的研究;基于焊接接头拉伸强度和-40℃的夏氏V型缺口冲击试验及硬度测定,研究了微观组织与接头性能之间的影射关系。
试验结果表明:(1)以堆焊作为切入点,发现单丝焊/双丝焊/三丝焊的焊接效率近似满足1:2:3;三丝焊的两相区为细小P及块状F组织;细晶区以B粒为主并包含少量块状F组织;粗晶区以B粒为主并含有极少量B上;焊缝为柱状F先、B粒和少量F针。另外,当线能量分别为42500J/cm,34000J/cm,28333J/cm时,三丝焊堆焊组织和硬度并没有明显变化。(2)在文中焊接参数下,对接焊焊缝成形良好,且单丝焊/双丝焊/三丝焊的对接焊速度近似满足2:5:8。(3)三丝对接焊微观组织分别为焊缝区F先+P+粒状B+针状F;粗晶区和细晶区同为P+F,但细晶区晶粒细小;两相区为细小P+块状F。组织对比可见,单丝焊/双丝焊/三丝焊的微观组织分布基本相同,但单丝焊和双丝焊的焊缝区出现B上。(4)参考NB/T 47014-2011焊接工艺评定标准,三丝焊对接接头抗拉强度为560MPa,断裂发生在母材;焊缝-40℃的冲击功为44J;冲击断口形貌以准解理断裂为主,并包含少量解理断裂和韧窝断裂。
Shipbuilding industry is a strategic industry, which provides major equipments to national defense, marine exploitation. And welding technology is one of the key technologies about shipbuilding. High-speed, high-efficient multi-wire welding is current domestic and international research focus. This paper launched the influence of multi-wire GMAW to marine grade E steel welded joint performance and quality. And this research can provide technical support of high-efficient, high-quality multi-wire welding to ship-build enterprises.
This paper built the three-wire butt welding test platform. Studied the single-/twin-/triple-wire welding process, and the microstructure . Besides, basing on tensile strength of welded joints, hardness measurement and -40℃V-notch impact test , the paper studied the relationship between microstructure and mechanical properties of welding joints .
The results showed that: (1) About build-up welding, the single-/twin-/triple-wire welding efficiency ratio approximately meet 1:2:3. The microstructure of triple-wire welding is similar to single/ twin-wire welding. In addition, when the linear energy of triple-wire welding are 42500J/cm,34000J/cm,28333J/cm, the hardness and microstructure did not change significantly. (2) Get the fine butt welding parameters. The single-/twin-/triple-wire welding efficiency ratio approximately meet 2:5:8. (3) The microstructure of triple-wire welding is: pro-eutectoid ferrite +P+ granular bainite + acicular ferrite in weld seam; P+F in fine grain zone and coarse grain zone; block F and small P in two-phase region.(4) The tensile strength of triple-wire welding was 560MPa, and the fracture occurred at the base metal; the impact toughness was 44J at -40℃; Impact fracture morphology mainly quasi-cleavage fracture, and contained a small amount cleavage and dimple fracture. These mechanical meet the welding procedure qualification standards (NB/T 47014-2011).
引文
[1]唐卓.船用厚板高功率激光焊接工艺适应性研究[硕士论文].上海:上海交通大学,2005
[2]陈裕川.高效MAG焊的新发展(上)[J].机械工人(热加工),2001(11):3-5
[3] Osio A S,Liu S.,Olson D L. The effect of solidification on the formation and growth of inclusions in low carbon steel welds[J].Materials science and engineering,1996,A221, 122-133
[4]王军.磁控高效旋转射流过渡稳定性[博士论文].北京:北京工业大学,2003
[5] KEN MICHIE et al.Twin-Wire GMAW Process Characteristics and Applications [J]. Welding Journal,1999:31-34
[6] Ch Kammerhuber,R Somerfield.High Deposition MAG Welding: Used For Welding Bridges and Structures[J].Welding in the World,1996,Vol.38:227-343
[7] KNIGHT D E.Multiple-electrode welding by“union melt”process[J].The Welding Journal ,1954 (4) :303-312.
[8] LYTLEAR,FROSTEL.Submerged-melt welding with multiple wires in series[J]. Welding Journal ,1951 ,30 (2) :103-110.
[9] ASHTON T.Twin-arc submerged arc welding[J].Welding Journal,1954,33 (4) :350-355.
[10] CLAPP E A,SCHREINER N O.Characteristics of submerged arc welding with three-phase power [J].Welding Journal,1952,31(6) :475-481.
[11]霍光瑞,朱丙坤,姚润钢.双丝埋弧焊工艺参数与焊道成形关系研究[J].热加工工艺,2007 (15) :27-30.
[12]马永富,鲍光辉.中厚板双丝埋弧焊焊接工艺探讨[J].热加工工艺(焊接版),2006 (05) :22-23.
[13]韩国明.双丝熔化极气体保护焊[J ].现代焊接,2006 (4) :45-47.
[14]王振民,黄石生,薛家祥.软开关双丝脉冲熔化极活性气体保护焊逆变电源[J].华南理工大学学报:自然科学版,2006 ,34 (7) :31-34.
[15] VOLODIN V S.Automatic welding with two wires[J].The Welding Journal,1955 (3) :103-111.
[16]孙远芳.双焊丝悬臂送丝CO2气体保护焊新工艺[J].焊接技术,1992 (6) :6-7.
[17] LASSAL INE E.Narrow groove twin2wire GMAW of high-strength steel [J].Welding Journal ,1989 ,68 (9) :53-57.
[18] BUN KER T A.Multi-wires in SAW with square wave AC power [J].Welding Journal ,1982 (7) :36-40.
[19]邓文鸿,陶永强,黄锡才,等.双丝摆动CO2自动焊[J].焊接通讯,1982 (2) :14-16.
[20]魏占静.先进的TANDEM高速、高效MIG/MAG双丝焊技术[J].机械工人(热加工) ,2002 (5) :22 ,37.
[21]王元良,胡久富,刘龙生.细双丝三弧焊接及堆焊的研究[J].焊管,1997,20 (3) :37-41.
[22]王元良,屈金山,胡久富,等.高效节能的细丝自动焊设备的研究[J].电焊机,2002,32 (3) :9-12 ,29.
[23]李恒,梁秀娟,李幸呈.高效双丝MIG/MAG脉冲焊系统及工艺[J].焊接.2005(10):24-27
[24]李阳,黄石生,陆沛涛.双丝脉冲熔化极气体保护焊的数字化协同控制[J].华南理工大学学报.2006.34(2):22-26
[25]魏占静,周大胜,李少农,虞小棣.TANDEM双丝焊在造船拼板焊接中的应用[J].电焊机.2007,37(6):45-47
[26]藤村浩史.高速アグ溶接法[タイムブロセス]の开发[J].溶接技术.1990, 38(2):74-85
[27] Kovalev I M,Rybakov A S.The Movement of Liquid Metal in the Weld Pool in Welding in a Longitudinal Magnetic Field[J].Welding Production.2005:38-40
[28] Bohme D,Nentwig A,Knoch R.A High Efficiency Welding Proceed-The Double Wire Welding.Proceedings of the 1996 IIW International Congress[C]. Auckland, 1996,2:1393-1407
[29]华学明,马晓丽,林航,等.高速三丝熔化极气保护焊接工艺研究[J].焊接学报,2008,29(12):109-112.
[30]马晓丽,华学明,林航,等.三电极MAG高速角焊焊接工艺实验研究[J].金属铸锻焊技术,2008,37(17):102-104.
[31]曲占元.埋弧焊线能量对船用E36钢焊缝低温冲击韧性的影响[J].材料开发与应用,2010(8):7-9.
[32]方建辉.超厚板(60-80mm )EH36高强钢的焊接[J].船舶标准化工程师,2010(4):40-41.
[33]潘新民.EH36高强钢的焊接[J].焊接,2005(4):41-43.
[34]曲占元,刘刚,王明林.热轧E36钢中板埋弧焊接头的组织与力学性能[J].物理测试,2009,27(3):26-28.
[35]庄凯,船用E级钢高功率激光焊接接头组织与韧性的研究[硕士论文].上海:上海交通大学,2010
[36]朱六妹,肖孝菊.CO2焊熔滴过渡特征的分析和研究[J].电焊机.2000.30 (1):18- 21
[37]李桓,杨立军.CO2气体保护焊短路过渡过程与电参数的关系[J].天津大学学报.200134(3):360-363
[38]王献钧,舰船结构钢的夏比冲击韧性与断口形貌[J].材料开发与研究,1995,(2):4-5.
[39]马晓丽.三丝高速焊接电弧干扰及熔池动态行为研究[博士论文].上海:上海交通大学,2010
[40]胡特生.高速CO2焊的工艺实践[J].焊接技术,1995(3),17-19
[41]林航.船用钢三丝高速GMAW焊焊接工艺研究[硕士论文].上海:上海交通大学,2009
[42]乔斌.粒状贝氏体的形成[J]淮海工学院学报,1998(7),2
[43]曲占元,刘刚,王明林.热轧E36钢中板埋弧焊接头的组织与力学性能[J].物理测试,2009,27(3):26-28.
[44]刘光云,任爱珍,吕向阳,等.EH36钢的焊接工艺[J]工艺与新技术,2007,4(36)
[45]潘新民.EH36高强钢的焊接[J].焊接,2005(4):41-43.
[46]陈伯蠡.焊接工程缺欠分析与对策[M].机械工业出版社
[2]陈裕川.高效MAG焊的新发展(上)[J].机械工人(热加工),2001(11):3-5
[3] Osio A S,Liu S.,Olson D L. The effect of solidification on the formation and growth of inclusions in low carbon steel welds[J].Materials science and engineering,1996,A221, 122-133
[4]王军.磁控高效旋转射流过渡稳定性[博士论文].北京:北京工业大学,2003
[5] KEN MICHIE et al.Twin-Wire GMAW Process Characteristics and Applications [J]. Welding Journal,1999:31-34
[6] Ch Kammerhuber,R Somerfield.High Deposition MAG Welding: Used For Welding Bridges and Structures[J].Welding in the World,1996,Vol.38:227-343
[7] KNIGHT D E.Multiple-electrode welding by“union melt”process[J].The Welding Journal ,1954 (4) :303-312.
[8] LYTLEAR,FROSTEL.Submerged-melt welding with multiple wires in series[J]. Welding Journal ,1951 ,30 (2) :103-110.
[9] ASHTON T.Twin-arc submerged arc welding[J].Welding Journal,1954,33 (4) :350-355.
[10] CLAPP E A,SCHREINER N O.Characteristics of submerged arc welding with three-phase power [J].Welding Journal,1952,31(6) :475-481.
[11]霍光瑞,朱丙坤,姚润钢.双丝埋弧焊工艺参数与焊道成形关系研究[J].热加工工艺,2007 (15) :27-30.
[12]马永富,鲍光辉.中厚板双丝埋弧焊焊接工艺探讨[J].热加工工艺(焊接版),2006 (05) :22-23.
[13]韩国明.双丝熔化极气体保护焊[J ].现代焊接,2006 (4) :45-47.
[14]王振民,黄石生,薛家祥.软开关双丝脉冲熔化极活性气体保护焊逆变电源[J].华南理工大学学报:自然科学版,2006 ,34 (7) :31-34.
[15] VOLODIN V S.Automatic welding with two wires[J].The Welding Journal,1955 (3) :103-111.
[16]孙远芳.双焊丝悬臂送丝CO2气体保护焊新工艺[J].焊接技术,1992 (6) :6-7.
[17] LASSAL INE E.Narrow groove twin2wire GMAW of high-strength steel [J].Welding Journal ,1989 ,68 (9) :53-57.
[18] BUN KER T A.Multi-wires in SAW with square wave AC power [J].Welding Journal ,1982 (7) :36-40.
[19]邓文鸿,陶永强,黄锡才,等.双丝摆动CO2自动焊[J].焊接通讯,1982 (2) :14-16.
[20]魏占静.先进的TANDEM高速、高效MIG/MAG双丝焊技术[J].机械工人(热加工) ,2002 (5) :22 ,37.
[21]王元良,胡久富,刘龙生.细双丝三弧焊接及堆焊的研究[J].焊管,1997,20 (3) :37-41.
[22]王元良,屈金山,胡久富,等.高效节能的细丝自动焊设备的研究[J].电焊机,2002,32 (3) :9-12 ,29.
[23]李恒,梁秀娟,李幸呈.高效双丝MIG/MAG脉冲焊系统及工艺[J].焊接.2005(10):24-27
[24]李阳,黄石生,陆沛涛.双丝脉冲熔化极气体保护焊的数字化协同控制[J].华南理工大学学报.2006.34(2):22-26
[25]魏占静,周大胜,李少农,虞小棣.TANDEM双丝焊在造船拼板焊接中的应用[J].电焊机.2007,37(6):45-47
[26]藤村浩史.高速アグ溶接法[タイムブロセス]の开发[J].溶接技术.1990, 38(2):74-85
[27] Kovalev I M,Rybakov A S.The Movement of Liquid Metal in the Weld Pool in Welding in a Longitudinal Magnetic Field[J].Welding Production.2005:38-40
[28] Bohme D,Nentwig A,Knoch R.A High Efficiency Welding Proceed-The Double Wire Welding.Proceedings of the 1996 IIW International Congress[C]. Auckland, 1996,2:1393-1407
[29]华学明,马晓丽,林航,等.高速三丝熔化极气保护焊接工艺研究[J].焊接学报,2008,29(12):109-112.
[30]马晓丽,华学明,林航,等.三电极MAG高速角焊焊接工艺实验研究[J].金属铸锻焊技术,2008,37(17):102-104.
[31]曲占元.埋弧焊线能量对船用E36钢焊缝低温冲击韧性的影响[J].材料开发与应用,2010(8):7-9.
[32]方建辉.超厚板(60-80mm )EH36高强钢的焊接[J].船舶标准化工程师,2010(4):40-41.
[33]潘新民.EH36高强钢的焊接[J].焊接,2005(4):41-43.
[34]曲占元,刘刚,王明林.热轧E36钢中板埋弧焊接头的组织与力学性能[J].物理测试,2009,27(3):26-28.
[35]庄凯,船用E级钢高功率激光焊接接头组织与韧性的研究[硕士论文].上海:上海交通大学,2010
[36]朱六妹,肖孝菊.CO2焊熔滴过渡特征的分析和研究[J].电焊机.2000.30 (1):18- 21
[37]李桓,杨立军.CO2气体保护焊短路过渡过程与电参数的关系[J].天津大学学报.200134(3):360-363
[38]王献钧,舰船结构钢的夏比冲击韧性与断口形貌[J].材料开发与研究,1995,(2):4-5.
[39]马晓丽.三丝高速焊接电弧干扰及熔池动态行为研究[博士论文].上海:上海交通大学,2010
[40]胡特生.高速CO2焊的工艺实践[J].焊接技术,1995(3),17-19
[41]林航.船用钢三丝高速GMAW焊焊接工艺研究[硕士论文].上海:上海交通大学,2009
[42]乔斌.粒状贝氏体的形成[J]淮海工学院学报,1998(7),2
[43]曲占元,刘刚,王明林.热轧E36钢中板埋弧焊接头的组织与力学性能[J].物理测试,2009,27(3):26-28.
[44]刘光云,任爱珍,吕向阳,等.EH36钢的焊接工艺[J]工艺与新技术,2007,4(36)
[45]潘新民.EH36高强钢的焊接[J].焊接,2005(4):41-43.
[46]陈伯蠡.焊接工程缺欠分析与对策[M].机械工业出版社