基于可拓知识集成的方案设计研究与实现
|
摘要
概念设计是产品设计过程中最重要、最复杂、最活跃、最具创造性的阶段，是产品形成价值中最有决定意义的阶段。对概念设计的研究一直是计算机集成制造领域的前沿课题。本论文受国家自然科学基金项目(50175103)和国家863／CIMS计划项目(2002AA411110)资助，研究基于可拓学理论的产品概念设计方法与系统实现，对于解决概念设计与工程实现的瓶颈问题，具有重要的理论意义和工程价值。
本论文的主要贡献概述如下：
(1)．在深入分析国内外概念设计研究现状基础上，将概念设计系统分为商业化系统、实用或实验概念设计系统，据此总结出概念设计研究所面临的主要问题、对策其发展趋势。
(2)．深入研究了机械产品概念设计的可拓工程方法，将模糊物元优化方法、可拓实例推理方法、可拓进化设计方法综合集成，提出基于可拓知识集成的方案设计系统架构、模块组成、及相关关键技术，开发出可拓知识集成设计系统。
(3)．以KBE智能设计技术、UG产品级建模技术和知识熔接技术为核心，本文提出一种基于知识驱动的协同方案布局方法，分别在机械零件建模、机械传动方案布局模型中得到较好的验证，在一定程度上实现了概念设计与详细设计的知识集成。
(4)．针对系统集成中数据结构与界面实现面临的问题，本文运用基于UG的二次开发技术，提出一种基于VC MFC和MenuScript API交互式界面生成技术，有效地解决了动态链接库文件的多接口函数调
浙江工业大学硕卜学位论文
用问题。从而为UG用户自由使用MFC提供了一条便捷的开发途径。
Conceptual design is a most important, complex, active and creative design state in the process of products design. It also is a most determinative process of which product forms its value. Research on concept design is always an advanced subject of Computer Integrated Manufacture System (CIMS). Supported by National Science Foundation of China (50175103) and National High-Tech Research and Development Program of China ("863")(2002AA411110), conceptual design based on extension theory is studied in the paper, and it has significant theory and engineering value for solving the bottleneck of intelligent conceptual design.
The main contribution of the paper is summarized as follows:
(1). Current conceptual design development all over the world is summarized deeply in the paper. It divides conceptual design systems into commercialized and experimental conceptual design system, and it also analyses existing problems and tendency of conceptual design.
(2). Extension engineering method is analyzed in the conceptual design of the mechanical product. Fuzzy matter-element, extension case reasoning and extension evolution design method are integrated. Scheme design system frame, module and relative critical technology based on extension knowledge integration is put forward and its system also is developed.
(3). Based on KBE intelligent design, UG product modeling and knowledge fusion technology, Knowledge-Driven cooperative layout method is raised. Furthermore, it is verified in the mechanical part modeling, the model of mechanical transmission scheme layout. The integration between concept design and detail design is implemented in some extent.
(4). To the problem which is met in the data structure and interface realization in the course of developing of this system, the interface realization technology based on VC MFC and Manuscript API is proposed in the paper with secondary development technology of UG. It can effectively solve the problem that multi-interface functions of DLL file used VC MFC under UG software presently. So it can provide a new development way for UG user.
本论文的主要贡献概述如下：
(1)．在深入分析国内外概念设计研究现状基础上，将概念设计系统分为商业化系统、实用或实验概念设计系统，据此总结出概念设计研究所面临的主要问题、对策其发展趋势。
(2)．深入研究了机械产品概念设计的可拓工程方法，将模糊物元优化方法、可拓实例推理方法、可拓进化设计方法综合集成，提出基于可拓知识集成的方案设计系统架构、模块组成、及相关关键技术，开发出可拓知识集成设计系统。
(3)．以KBE智能设计技术、UG产品级建模技术和知识熔接技术为核心，本文提出一种基于知识驱动的协同方案布局方法，分别在机械零件建模、机械传动方案布局模型中得到较好的验证，在一定程度上实现了概念设计与详细设计的知识集成。
(4)．针对系统集成中数据结构与界面实现面临的问题，本文运用基于UG的二次开发技术，提出一种基于VC MFC和MenuScript API交互式界面生成技术，有效地解决了动态链接库文件的多接口函数调
浙江工业大学硕卜学位论文
用问题。从而为UG用户自由使用MFC提供了一条便捷的开发途径。
Conceptual design is a most important, complex, active and creative design state in the process of products design. It also is a most determinative process of which product forms its value. Research on concept design is always an advanced subject of Computer Integrated Manufacture System (CIMS). Supported by National Science Foundation of China (50175103) and National High-Tech Research and Development Program of China ("863")(2002AA411110), conceptual design based on extension theory is studied in the paper, and it has significant theory and engineering value for solving the bottleneck of intelligent conceptual design.
The main contribution of the paper is summarized as follows:
(1). Current conceptual design development all over the world is summarized deeply in the paper. It divides conceptual design systems into commercialized and experimental conceptual design system, and it also analyses existing problems and tendency of conceptual design.
(2). Extension engineering method is analyzed in the conceptual design of the mechanical product. Fuzzy matter-element, extension case reasoning and extension evolution design method are integrated. Scheme design system frame, module and relative critical technology based on extension knowledge integration is put forward and its system also is developed.
(3). Based on KBE intelligent design, UG product modeling and knowledge fusion technology, Knowledge-Driven cooperative layout method is raised. Furthermore, it is verified in the mechanical part modeling, the model of mechanical transmission scheme layout. The integration between concept design and detail design is implemented in some extent.
(4). To the problem which is met in the data structure and interface realization in the course of developing of this system, the interface realization technology based on VC MFC and Manuscript API is proposed in the paper with secondary development technology of UG. It can effectively solve the problem that multi-interface functions of DLL file used VC MFC under UG software presently. So it can provide a new development way for UG user.
引文
[1] 约瑟夫．熊彼特(美)著，何畏译．经济发展理论—对于利润、资本、信贷和经济周期的考察．北京：商务印书馆．2000，3
[2] 邓家禔，韩晓建，曾硝．产品概念设计—理论、方法与技术．北京：机械工业出版设计．2002
[3] Palh G, Beitz W. Engineering design[M]. The Design Council, 1984: 1-15.
[4] French M J. Conceptual design for engineers[M]. The Design Council, 1985: 1-12.
[5] 邹慧君，汪利，王石刚，郭为忠．机械产品概念设计及其方法综述．机械设计与研究．1998(2)：9-12
[6] Pahl G, Beitz W. Engineering design. a systematic approach Springer-Verlag, London, 1996
[7] Sub NP. The principles of design. New York. Oxford University Press, 1990. Suh NP. Axiomatic design: advances and applications. New York: Oxford University Press, 2001
[8] 檀润华．创新设计—TRIZ：发明问题 解决理论．北京：机械工业出版社．2002
[9] Beom-Seon Janga, Young-Soon Yanga, Yu-Suk Songb, Yun-Seog Yeunc, Sung-Hee Dod Axiomatic design approach for marine design problems Marine Structures. 2002, 15: 35～56
[10] 宋慧军，林志航。计算机集成制造系统—CIMS．2002，5：332～336
[11] Prasad B. Review of QFD and related deployment techniques if. Journal of Manufacting Sysems, 1998, 17(3): 221～234
[12] 檀润华，谢英俊．基于功率键图的概念设计[J]．机械设计，1997，7：1-4
[13] Hoover SP, Rinderle JR. A synthesis strategy for mechanical devices. Research in Engineering Design 1989; 1(2): 87～103
[14] Ulrich KT, Seering WP. Synthesis of schematic descriptions. Research in Engineering Design 1989; 13～18. Netherlands: Kluwer Academic, 1994
[15] Bracewell RH, Chaplin RV, Langdon PM, Li M, Oh VK, Sharpe JEE, Yan XT. Integrated platform for AI support of complex design. In: Sharpe JEE, editor. AI system support for conceptual design, Berlin: Springer, 1995
[16] 曹东兴，范顺成，刘力松，檀润华．功率键合图在机械产品概念设计中应用机械设计，2002，10：44～47
[17] 韩晓建，邓家禔．机械产品设计的过程建模[J]．北京航空航天大学学报．
2000,26(5): 604～607.
[18] Gero J S, Lee H S, Tham K V. Behavior. a link between function and structure in design[A]. In: Proceedings of the IFIP WG 5.2 Working Conference on Intelligent Computer Aided Design[C], Amsterdam, Elsevier, 1992: 193-220
[19] Umeda Y, Tomiyama T. Functional reasoning in design[J]. IEEE Expert, 1997, 12(2): 42-48
[20] Qian L, Gero J S. A design support system using analogy[A]. In: Proceedings of the Second International Conference on AI in Design[C], Kluwer Academic Publishers, 1992: 795-816
[21] Zhang W Y, Tor S B, Britton G A, Deng Y-M. EFDEX: a knowledge-based expert system for functional design of engineering systems[J]. Engineering with Computers, 2001, 17(4): 339-353
[22] 宋慧军，林志航．基于域结构模板的机械产品概念设计方案生成[J]．机械工程学报，2001，37(9)：24-29
[23] Umeda Y, Ishii M, Yoshioka M, Shimomura Y, Tomiyama T. Supporting conceptual design based on the function-behavior-state modeler[J]. Artificial Intelligence for Engineering Design, Analysis and Manufacturing: AIEDAM, 1996, 10(4): 275-288
[24] 张建明，魏小鹏，张德珍．产品概念设计的研究现状及其发展方向．计算机集成制造系统-CIMS．2003，8.9(8)：613～620
[25] Iwasaki Y, Vescovi M. Casual functional representation language with behavior-based semantics[J]. Applied Artificial Intelligence, 1995, 9(1): 5-31
[26] Schmidt L C, Cagan J. Recursive annealing: a computational model for machine design[J]. Research in Engineering Design, 1995, 7(2): 102-125
[27] 宋玉银，蔡复之，张伯鹏．面向并行工程的集成产品信息建模技术研究[J]．计算机研究与发展，1998，35(2)：164～168
[28] 顾新建，谭建荣，祁国宁．机械产品信息基因模型[J]．中国机械工程，1997，8(2)：77～79
[29] Qian L, Gero J S. Function-behavior-structure paths and their role in analogy-based design[J]. Artificial Intelligence for Engineering Design, Analysis and Manufacturing: AIEDAM, 1996, 10(4): 289-312
[30] Kusiak A, Szczerbicki E. A formal approach to specifications in conceptual design[J]. ASME Journal of Mechanical Design, 1992, 114(4): 659-666
[31] Gorti S R, Gupta A. An object-oriented representation for product and design processes[J]. Computer-Aided Design, 1998, 30(7): 489-501
[32] 孔凡国，邹慧君．方案设计两级实例推理过程模型及系统结构的研究．机械设计与研究．1999，No．2：17～20
[33] 钟义信．智能理论与技术．北京：人民邮电出版社，1992
[34] Tomiyama T. General design theory and its extension and application [A]. Grabowski H, Rude S, Grein G, Universal Design Theory[C], Aachen, Shaker Verlag, 1998: 25-44
[35] Lee Dongkon, Lee Kyung-Ho. An approach to case-based system for conceptual ship design assistant[J]. Expert Systems with Applications, 1999, 16(1): 97-104
[36] 宋玉银，蔡复之，张伯鹏．基于实例推理的产品概念设计系统．清华大学学报，1998，38(8)：5-8
[37] Kumara S, Ham I. Use of associative memory and self-organization in conceptual design[J]. Annals of the CIRP, 1990, 39(1): 117-120
[38] 钟佩思，高国安．基于神经网络块的混合型方案设计知识库系统[J]．机械设计，1999，16(5)：1-2
[39] Kusiak A, Szczerbicki E, Vujosevic R. Intelligent design synthesis: an object-oriented approach[J]. International Journal of Production Research, 1991, 29(7): 1291-1308
[40] Goel A. Design, analogy and creativity[J]. IEEE Expert, 1997, 12(2): 62-70
[41] Campbell M I, Cagan J, Kotovsky K. Agent-based synthesis of electromechanical design configurations[J]. Journal of mechanical design, Transactions of the ASME, 2000,122(1): 61-69
[42] 韩晓建，邓家禔．基于多代理技术的产品概念设计系统的实现．制造业自动化．1999，8．21(4)．4：21-23
[43] 张向军，桂长林．智能设计中的基因模型[J]．机械工程学报，2001，37(2)：8-11
[44] Pereira Luis Moniz. Artificial Intelligence Techni-quesin Automatic Layout Design. Water Resources Report-Ontario Ministry of the Environment, 1978: 159-173
[45] 詹叔浩，黄文奇．一类集合布局问题的计算机辅助设计．应用数学学报．1983．6(1)：34～46
[46] 胡慧中．一种立体空间布局模型及布局算法．计算机学报．1994．17(11)：835～841
[47] Chen C S. An analytical model for the container loading problem. European Journal of Operational Research. 1995, (2): 221～226
[48] 袁苗龙，周济．基于几何推理的布局设计新方法．软件学报．1997，12．8(12)：931～905
[49] 经小川，古钟壁，王祯学．遗传算法在布局设计中的应用．四川大学学报．2001，6．38(3)：370～373
[50] Bracewell R H, Sharpe J E E. Functional descriptions used in computer support for qualitative scheme generation-'Schemebuilder'[J]. Artificial Intelligence for Engineering Design, Analysis and Manufacturing: AIEDAM, 1996, 10(4): 333-245
[51] 邹慧君，顾明敏．机构系统方案设计专家系统初探[J]．机械设计．1996，No．6：12-16
[52] Xu Yurong, Sun Shouqian, Pan Yunhe. Constraint-based distributed intelligent conceptual design environment and system model[A]. In: IECON'01: the 27th Annual Conference of the IEEE Industrial Electronics Society[C], Denver, Colorado, IEEE, 2001: 2105-2110
[53] 张国全．基于可拓理论研究复式布料系统概念设计．武汉：华中科技大学博士学位论文．2003，12
[54] 韩晓建，邓家禔．基于多代理技术的产品概念设计系统的实现．制造业自动化．1999．21(4)：21-23
[55] 蔡文，杨春燕，林伟初．可拓工程方法．北京：科学出版社，1997．10
[56] 蔡文，杨春燕．可拓营销．北京：科学技术文献出版社，2000
[57] 赵燕伟．基于可拓学理论的智能化概念设计方法研究．中国工程科学，2001，3(5)：67-71
[58] 赵燕伟．基于多级菱形思维模型的方案设计新方法．中国机械工程，2000．6：684-686
[59] 张斌，雍歧东，肖芳纯．模糊物元分析．北京：石油工业出版社，1997．4
[60] 余方顺．基于遗传算法的多目标模糊物元优化方法的研究．杭州：浙江工业大学硕士学位论文，2001．12
[61] 毛权，肖人彬，周济．CBR中基于实例特征的相似实例检索模型研究．计算机研究与发展，1997，34(4)：257-263
[62] 吴杰雨．基于可拓实例推理的智能化概念设计研究．杭州：浙江工业大学硕士学位论文，2003．6
[63] 赵震，彭颖红．基于KBE的工程设计—理论、方法与实践．机械科学与技术．2003，1．22(1)：151～153
[64] Unigraphics Solutions Inc．UG WAVE产品设计技术培训教程．北京：清华大学出版社，2002
[65] Unigraphics Solutions Inc．UG知识熔接技术培训教程．北京：清华大学出版社，2002
[66] 孙守迁，唐明，潘云鹤．面向人机工程的布局设计方法的研究．计算机辅助设计与图形学报．2000．12(11)：870-872
[67] 李大友，彭波．程序员系统设计师(高级程序员)．北京：人民邮电出版社．2001，9
[68] 舒以强．面向对象的方案设计专家系统的理论方法开发工具及工程应用．华中理工大学博士论文．武汉：1992．
[69] 刘巍，张秀芳．基于可拓信息的知识表示．系统工程理论与实践，1998，18(1)：33-35
[70] Yo-Ping Huang, Sheng-Fang Wang. Designing a fuzzy model by adaptive macroevolution genetic algorithms. Fuzzy Sets and Systems, 2000(113): 367-379
[71] 陈秀宁．机械设计课程设计．杭州：浙江大学出版社，1999．2
[72] 濮良贵，纪名刚．机械设计．北京：高等教育出版社．1995，9
[73] 赵焕臣．层次分析法．北京：科学出版社，1986
[74] 贺继钢．工业企业CAD系统的规划设计．工业工程，1998．9：44-47
[75] 董正卫，田立中，付宜利．UG/OPENAPI编程基础．北京：清华大学出版社，2002
[76] 张冶，洪雪，张泽帮．Unigraphics NX参数化设计实例教程．北京：2003，8
[77] 张军波，莫蓉，李磊，魏尘民．用DLL在UG16.0微机版中构造用户界面．计算机工程．2001，12．27(12)：46～48
[78] 机械工程手册编委会．机械工程手册(第六分册)．机械工业出版社．北京．1982
[2] 邓家禔，韩晓建，曾硝．产品概念设计—理论、方法与技术．北京：机械工业出版设计．2002
[3] Palh G, Beitz W. Engineering design[M]. The Design Council, 1984: 1-15.
[4] French M J. Conceptual design for engineers[M]. The Design Council, 1985: 1-12.
[5] 邹慧君，汪利，王石刚，郭为忠．机械产品概念设计及其方法综述．机械设计与研究．1998(2)：9-12
[6] Pahl G, Beitz W. Engineering design. a systematic approach Springer-Verlag, London, 1996
[7] Sub NP. The principles of design. New York. Oxford University Press, 1990. Suh NP. Axiomatic design: advances and applications. New York: Oxford University Press, 2001
[8] 檀润华．创新设计—TRIZ：发明问题 解决理论．北京：机械工业出版社．2002
[9] Beom-Seon Janga, Young-Soon Yanga, Yu-Suk Songb, Yun-Seog Yeunc, Sung-Hee Dod Axiomatic design approach for marine design problems Marine Structures. 2002, 15: 35～56
[10] 宋慧军，林志航。计算机集成制造系统—CIMS．2002，5：332～336
[11] Prasad B. Review of QFD and related deployment techniques if. Journal of Manufacting Sysems, 1998, 17(3): 221～234
[12] 檀润华，谢英俊．基于功率键图的概念设计[J]．机械设计，1997，7：1-4
[13] Hoover SP, Rinderle JR. A synthesis strategy for mechanical devices. Research in Engineering Design 1989; 1(2): 87～103
[14] Ulrich KT, Seering WP. Synthesis of schematic descriptions. Research in Engineering Design 1989; 13～18. Netherlands: Kluwer Academic, 1994
[15] Bracewell RH, Chaplin RV, Langdon PM, Li M, Oh VK, Sharpe JEE, Yan XT. Integrated platform for AI support of complex design. In: Sharpe JEE, editor. AI system support for conceptual design, Berlin: Springer, 1995
[16] 曹东兴，范顺成，刘力松，檀润华．功率键合图在机械产品概念设计中应用机械设计，2002，10：44～47
[17] 韩晓建，邓家禔．机械产品设计的过程建模[J]．北京航空航天大学学报．
2000,26(5): 604～607.
[18] Gero J S, Lee H S, Tham K V. Behavior. a link between function and structure in design[A]. In: Proceedings of the IFIP WG 5.2 Working Conference on Intelligent Computer Aided Design[C], Amsterdam, Elsevier, 1992: 193-220
[19] Umeda Y, Tomiyama T. Functional reasoning in design[J]. IEEE Expert, 1997, 12(2): 42-48
[20] Qian L, Gero J S. A design support system using analogy[A]. In: Proceedings of the Second International Conference on AI in Design[C], Kluwer Academic Publishers, 1992: 795-816
[21] Zhang W Y, Tor S B, Britton G A, Deng Y-M. EFDEX: a knowledge-based expert system for functional design of engineering systems[J]. Engineering with Computers, 2001, 17(4): 339-353
[22] 宋慧军，林志航．基于域结构模板的机械产品概念设计方案生成[J]．机械工程学报，2001，37(9)：24-29
[23] Umeda Y, Ishii M, Yoshioka M, Shimomura Y, Tomiyama T. Supporting conceptual design based on the function-behavior-state modeler[J]. Artificial Intelligence for Engineering Design, Analysis and Manufacturing: AIEDAM, 1996, 10(4): 275-288
[24] 张建明，魏小鹏，张德珍．产品概念设计的研究现状及其发展方向．计算机集成制造系统-CIMS．2003，8.9(8)：613～620
[25] Iwasaki Y, Vescovi M. Casual functional representation language with behavior-based semantics[J]. Applied Artificial Intelligence, 1995, 9(1): 5-31
[26] Schmidt L C, Cagan J. Recursive annealing: a computational model for machine design[J]. Research in Engineering Design, 1995, 7(2): 102-125
[27] 宋玉银，蔡复之，张伯鹏．面向并行工程的集成产品信息建模技术研究[J]．计算机研究与发展，1998，35(2)：164～168
[28] 顾新建，谭建荣，祁国宁．机械产品信息基因模型[J]．中国机械工程，1997，8(2)：77～79
[29] Qian L, Gero J S. Function-behavior-structure paths and their role in analogy-based design[J]. Artificial Intelligence for Engineering Design, Analysis and Manufacturing: AIEDAM, 1996, 10(4): 289-312
[30] Kusiak A, Szczerbicki E. A formal approach to specifications in conceptual design[J]. ASME Journal of Mechanical Design, 1992, 114(4): 659-666
[31] Gorti S R, Gupta A. An object-oriented representation for product and design processes[J]. Computer-Aided Design, 1998, 30(7): 489-501
[32] 孔凡国，邹慧君．方案设计两级实例推理过程模型及系统结构的研究．机械设计与研究．1999，No．2：17～20
[33] 钟义信．智能理论与技术．北京：人民邮电出版社，1992
[34] Tomiyama T. General design theory and its extension and application [A]. Grabowski H, Rude S, Grein G, Universal Design Theory[C], Aachen, Shaker Verlag, 1998: 25-44
[35] Lee Dongkon, Lee Kyung-Ho. An approach to case-based system for conceptual ship design assistant[J]. Expert Systems with Applications, 1999, 16(1): 97-104
[36] 宋玉银，蔡复之，张伯鹏．基于实例推理的产品概念设计系统．清华大学学报，1998，38(8)：5-8
[37] Kumara S, Ham I. Use of associative memory and self-organization in conceptual design[J]. Annals of the CIRP, 1990, 39(1): 117-120
[38] 钟佩思，高国安．基于神经网络块的混合型方案设计知识库系统[J]．机械设计，1999，16(5)：1-2
[39] Kusiak A, Szczerbicki E, Vujosevic R. Intelligent design synthesis: an object-oriented approach[J]. International Journal of Production Research, 1991, 29(7): 1291-1308
[40] Goel A. Design, analogy and creativity[J]. IEEE Expert, 1997, 12(2): 62-70
[41] Campbell M I, Cagan J, Kotovsky K. Agent-based synthesis of electromechanical design configurations[J]. Journal of mechanical design, Transactions of the ASME, 2000,122(1): 61-69
[42] 韩晓建，邓家禔．基于多代理技术的产品概念设计系统的实现．制造业自动化．1999，8．21(4)．4：21-23
[43] 张向军，桂长林．智能设计中的基因模型[J]．机械工程学报，2001，37(2)：8-11
[44] Pereira Luis Moniz. Artificial Intelligence Techni-quesin Automatic Layout Design. Water Resources Report-Ontario Ministry of the Environment, 1978: 159-173
[45] 詹叔浩，黄文奇．一类集合布局问题的计算机辅助设计．应用数学学报．1983．6(1)：34～46
[46] 胡慧中．一种立体空间布局模型及布局算法．计算机学报．1994．17(11)：835～841
[47] Chen C S. An analytical model for the container loading problem. European Journal of Operational Research. 1995, (2): 221～226
[48] 袁苗龙，周济．基于几何推理的布局设计新方法．软件学报．1997，12．8(12)：931～905
[49] 经小川，古钟壁，王祯学．遗传算法在布局设计中的应用．四川大学学报．2001，6．38(3)：370～373
[50] Bracewell R H, Sharpe J E E. Functional descriptions used in computer support for qualitative scheme generation-'Schemebuilder'[J]. Artificial Intelligence for Engineering Design, Analysis and Manufacturing: AIEDAM, 1996, 10(4): 333-245
[51] 邹慧君，顾明敏．机构系统方案设计专家系统初探[J]．机械设计．1996，No．6：12-16
[52] Xu Yurong, Sun Shouqian, Pan Yunhe. Constraint-based distributed intelligent conceptual design environment and system model[A]. In: IECON'01: the 27th Annual Conference of the IEEE Industrial Electronics Society[C], Denver, Colorado, IEEE, 2001: 2105-2110
[53] 张国全．基于可拓理论研究复式布料系统概念设计．武汉：华中科技大学博士学位论文．2003，12
[54] 韩晓建，邓家禔．基于多代理技术的产品概念设计系统的实现．制造业自动化．1999．21(4)：21-23
[55] 蔡文，杨春燕，林伟初．可拓工程方法．北京：科学出版社，1997．10
[56] 蔡文，杨春燕．可拓营销．北京：科学技术文献出版社，2000
[57] 赵燕伟．基于可拓学理论的智能化概念设计方法研究．中国工程科学，2001，3(5)：67-71
[58] 赵燕伟．基于多级菱形思维模型的方案设计新方法．中国机械工程，2000．6：684-686
[59] 张斌，雍歧东，肖芳纯．模糊物元分析．北京：石油工业出版社，1997．4
[60] 余方顺．基于遗传算法的多目标模糊物元优化方法的研究．杭州：浙江工业大学硕士学位论文，2001．12
[61] 毛权，肖人彬，周济．CBR中基于实例特征的相似实例检索模型研究．计算机研究与发展，1997，34(4)：257-263
[62] 吴杰雨．基于可拓实例推理的智能化概念设计研究．杭州：浙江工业大学硕士学位论文，2003．6
[63] 赵震，彭颖红．基于KBE的工程设计—理论、方法与实践．机械科学与技术．2003，1．22(1)：151～153
[64] Unigraphics Solutions Inc．UG WAVE产品设计技术培训教程．北京：清华大学出版社，2002
[65] Unigraphics Solutions Inc．UG知识熔接技术培训教程．北京：清华大学出版社，2002
[66] 孙守迁，唐明，潘云鹤．面向人机工程的布局设计方法的研究．计算机辅助设计与图形学报．2000．12(11)：870-872
[67] 李大友，彭波．程序员系统设计师(高级程序员)．北京：人民邮电出版社．2001，9
[68] 舒以强．面向对象的方案设计专家系统的理论方法开发工具及工程应用．华中理工大学博士论文．武汉：1992．
[69] 刘巍，张秀芳．基于可拓信息的知识表示．系统工程理论与实践，1998，18(1)：33-35
[70] Yo-Ping Huang, Sheng-Fang Wang. Designing a fuzzy model by adaptive macroevolution genetic algorithms. Fuzzy Sets and Systems, 2000(113): 367-379
[71] 陈秀宁．机械设计课程设计．杭州：浙江大学出版社，1999．2
[72] 濮良贵，纪名刚．机械设计．北京：高等教育出版社．1995，9
[73] 赵焕臣．层次分析法．北京：科学出版社，1986
[74] 贺继钢．工业企业CAD系统的规划设计．工业工程，1998．9：44-47
[75] 董正卫，田立中，付宜利．UG/OPENAPI编程基础．北京：清华大学出版社，2002
[76] 张冶，洪雪，张泽帮．Unigraphics NX参数化设计实例教程．北京：2003，8
[77] 张军波，莫蓉，李磊，魏尘民．用DLL在UG16.0微机版中构造用户界面．计算机工程．2001，12．27(12)：46～48
[78] 机械工程手册编委会．机械工程手册(第六分册)．机械工业出版社．北京．1982