基于应用熵学的项目施工决策优化方法研究
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摘要
项目施工是项目建设实体构成的过程,是建设项目产品生产的过程,其受到诸多因素的影响和制约。成本、工期以及质量是施工的制约因素,而安全、组织管理等是施工的影响因素。施工过程复杂多变,每个影响因素与制约因素存在着诸多的不确定性,为保障工程施工顺利完成,所以,应该将这些因素纳入方案的决策评选中,综合选取各影响因素正面效应最佳的方案。
施工方案评选决策需要评选指标和准则,通过多个指标和准则才能从多方面评价方案的优劣。对施工方案的评选决策,本文选取成本、进度、质量以及安全作为评选决策的指标准则。在方案评选决策中,又对以上四准则进行细化分析。其中,对成本采用定量计算,对质量、进度、安全采用定性、定量结合分析。并且,计算进度分值和质量可靠性,再对安全从负面危险度加以分析计算。在以上指标准则条件下,对方案最终的评选决策,本文采用熵权决策法,先建立多方案的四个指标准则矩阵,计算各个方案的熵权,根据权重大小排序,权重最大者则为最优方案。
施工方案是施工具体实施流程和所用技术的计划总和,要想计划得以顺利实施,必须有有效的管理。施工组织结构是施工管理的一个载体,是施工管理中部门间指令关系反映,目前组织结构有职能型、线性和矩阵型组织结构。施工管理组织结构有序度是施工管理效率的一个重要的静态指标。有序度是组织结构间信息传递时效和质量的综合反映,也是组织结构效率高低的反映,而时效熵和质量熵反映了信息在组织结构间传递的时效和质量的不确定性大小。综上所述,本文将通过分析计算组织结构的时效熵和质量熵,得出组织结构的时效和质量,从而得到组织结构的有序度。通过有序度对比分析,评价各种施工组织结构的优劣。
本文综合了成本、质量、进度、安全于施工方案评选决策中,并应用可靠性于施工方案决策分析,使施工方案决策可靠性增强。在施工组织结构分析中,综合了时效熵和质量熵于组织结构有序度分析中,通过有序度对比,评价组织结构的效率高低。
Project constructing is the process of project construction entities constitute; it is the one of construction projects, and affected by many factors and constraints. Such as cost, time and quality is the construction of the constraints; and the security, organizational management is the block factors. The construction process is complicated and changeable, and the factors and constraints will delay the construction schedules. So, it is important to work up the construction plans, and the factors will be brought into the plans. Construction plan is specific implementation plans and construction technologies. To smooth the implementation plan, there must be effective management. Degree of order is an important indicator of management efficiency of the management organization.
The construction plan selection decision-making needs to selection target and the criterion, through many targets and the criterion can from the various description plan fit and unfit quality. To the construction plan selection decision-making, this paper selects the cost, the progress, the quality as well as the safe for evaluation decision-making target criterion. In plan evaluation decision-making, also carries on the refinement analysis to above four criteria. Among them, uses the quantitative evaluation to the cost, to the quality, the progress, uses qualitatively, the quota union analysis safely. And, the reliability analysis applied to quality and progress, moreover, the security risk from the negative to be analyzed and calculated. To the plan final evaluation decision-making under above target criterion, this paper will use the entropy weight method. First, to establish the multi-plans four target criterion matrix, second, calculates entropy weight of each plan, according to weight size sorting, weight big for synergy.
The construction plan is the construction concrete implementation flow and the technical plan sum total. If it want to plan can implement smoothly, must have the effective management. At present, there are three organizational structures, functional organization structure, linearity organizational structure and matrix organizational structure. The degree of order is the organizational structure the information transmission effectiveness and the quality synthesis reflected, also is the organizational structure efficiency height reflection, but the effectiveness entropy and the quality entropy had reflected information effectiveness and quality uncertainty size which transmits in the organizational structure.
In summary, this paper through the analysis computation organizational structure effectiveness entropy and the quality entropy, will obtain the organizational structure the effectiveness and the quality, then, can obtain the organizational structure degree of order. Through the degree of order contrast analysis, appraises each kind of construction organizational structure the fit and unfit quality.
施工方案评选决策需要评选指标和准则,通过多个指标和准则才能从多方面评价方案的优劣。对施工方案的评选决策,本文选取成本、进度、质量以及安全作为评选决策的指标准则。在方案评选决策中,又对以上四准则进行细化分析。其中,对成本采用定量计算,对质量、进度、安全采用定性、定量结合分析。并且,计算进度分值和质量可靠性,再对安全从负面危险度加以分析计算。在以上指标准则条件下,对方案最终的评选决策,本文采用熵权决策法,先建立多方案的四个指标准则矩阵,计算各个方案的熵权,根据权重大小排序,权重最大者则为最优方案。
施工方案是施工具体实施流程和所用技术的计划总和,要想计划得以顺利实施,必须有有效的管理。施工组织结构是施工管理的一个载体,是施工管理中部门间指令关系反映,目前组织结构有职能型、线性和矩阵型组织结构。施工管理组织结构有序度是施工管理效率的一个重要的静态指标。有序度是组织结构间信息传递时效和质量的综合反映,也是组织结构效率高低的反映,而时效熵和质量熵反映了信息在组织结构间传递的时效和质量的不确定性大小。综上所述,本文将通过分析计算组织结构的时效熵和质量熵,得出组织结构的时效和质量,从而得到组织结构的有序度。通过有序度对比分析,评价各种施工组织结构的优劣。
本文综合了成本、质量、进度、安全于施工方案评选决策中,并应用可靠性于施工方案决策分析,使施工方案决策可靠性增强。在施工组织结构分析中,综合了时效熵和质量熵于组织结构有序度分析中,通过有序度对比,评价组织结构的效率高低。
Project constructing is the process of project construction entities constitute; it is the one of construction projects, and affected by many factors and constraints. Such as cost, time and quality is the construction of the constraints; and the security, organizational management is the block factors. The construction process is complicated and changeable, and the factors and constraints will delay the construction schedules. So, it is important to work up the construction plans, and the factors will be brought into the plans. Construction plan is specific implementation plans and construction technologies. To smooth the implementation plan, there must be effective management. Degree of order is an important indicator of management efficiency of the management organization.
The construction plan selection decision-making needs to selection target and the criterion, through many targets and the criterion can from the various description plan fit and unfit quality. To the construction plan selection decision-making, this paper selects the cost, the progress, the quality as well as the safe for evaluation decision-making target criterion. In plan evaluation decision-making, also carries on the refinement analysis to above four criteria. Among them, uses the quantitative evaluation to the cost, to the quality, the progress, uses qualitatively, the quota union analysis safely. And, the reliability analysis applied to quality and progress, moreover, the security risk from the negative to be analyzed and calculated. To the plan final evaluation decision-making under above target criterion, this paper will use the entropy weight method. First, to establish the multi-plans four target criterion matrix, second, calculates entropy weight of each plan, according to weight size sorting, weight big for synergy.
The construction plan is the construction concrete implementation flow and the technical plan sum total. If it want to plan can implement smoothly, must have the effective management. At present, there are three organizational structures, functional organization structure, linearity organizational structure and matrix organizational structure. The degree of order is the organizational structure the information transmission effectiveness and the quality synthesis reflected, also is the organizational structure efficiency height reflection, but the effectiveness entropy and the quality entropy had reflected information effectiveness and quality uncertainty size which transmits in the organizational structure.
In summary, this paper through the analysis computation organizational structure effectiveness entropy and the quality entropy, will obtain the organizational structure the effectiveness and the quality, then, can obtain the organizational structure degree of order. Through the degree of order contrast analysis, appraises each kind of construction organizational structure the fit and unfit quality.
引文
[01]徐韫玺,王要武,姚兵.基于熵理论的建设项目参与者多目标协同群决策模型[J].中国管理科学,2008,16:117-120
[02]冯勇,侍克斌.深基坑支护施工方案最优化决策方法研究[J].建筑科学,2009,25(1):12-15
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[05]陈誉,彭兴黔.基于层次分析法的施工方案决策技术[J].郑州轻工业学院学报(自然科学版),2007,22(2/3):198-200.
[06]陈建超.基于价值工程的施工方案选择[J].山西建筑,2010,12,36(35):202.
[07]高树友,杜海金.基于灰色关联度的工程施工方案综合评价方法研究[J].煤炭工程,2003,(1):37-39.
[08]冯勇.施工方案的多目标最小方差法优选决策的研究[J].数学的实践与认识,2006,36(3):171-173.
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[12]陆宁,史玉芳,高选强,李伟红,廖向晖.施工工序子系统可靠性的确定方法研究[J].西安建筑科大学学报(自然科学版),2006,38(3):311-315.
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[14]陆宁,王芳,王小萌.建设项目施工管理可靠性与合格标准的确定[J].现代商贸工业,2008,20(1):280-281.
[15]邱宛华.群组决策系统的熵模型[J].控制与决策,1995,10(1):51-53.
[16]马丽,高祺勋.基于结构熵的人力资源管理部门组织结构的评价[J].工业工程,2010,13(4).
[17]任佩瑜,张莉,宋勇.基于复杂性科学的管理熵、管理耗散结构理论及其在企业组织与决策中的作用[J].管理世界,2001,(6):142-147.
[18]苏光辉,侍克斌,周峰.基于改进的AHP法的施工方案多目标优选决策研究[J].水利科技与经济,2009,15(10):867-869.
[19]韩同银,马涛.施工企业物资的精细化管理[J].铁道工程学报,2006,(8):99-102.
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[21]岳志强,张强.基于熵权的项目管理招投标决策方法及应用研究[J].中国管理科学,2004,12:83-86.
[22]班允浩,杨智璇.熵权分析法在建设项目优选问题中的应用研究[J].中国集体经济,2008,09:103-104.
[23]张仕廉,董勇,潘承仕.建筑安全管理[M].北京:中国建筑工业出版社,2005.
[24]闵小宝,吴根秀.信息熵与决策之间关系的讨论[J].计算机与现代化,2001(1):32-35.
[25]李源.工程项目工期与成本控制协调机理研究[D].西安:西安建筑科技大学,2005.
[26]杨永东.施工方案多目标决策研究[J].现代经济,2009,8(6):148-149.
[27]徐苏荣.建筑工程施工方案优选方法研究[J].华北水利水电学院学报,2006,27(3):20-22
[28]张文泉,张世英,江立勤.基于熵的决策评价模型及应用[J].系统工程学报,1995,10(3):69-73.
[29]白宝光.质量成本决策理论与质量成本管理应用研究[D].天津:天津大学,2007.
[30]张桂峰.理论在公路工程建设项目管理决策中的应用研究[D].重庆:重庆交通学院,2004
[31]郭凯,刘海峰.熵权决策法在煤矿建设施工方案评标中的应用[J].中国矿业,2010,19(4):97-99.
[32]李欣然.靠制度办事[M].北京:当代世界出版社,2009.
[33] Qiu Wanhua. An Eigenvalue Method on Group Decision[J]. Applied Mathematics and Mechaics,1997,18(11): 1099- 1104.
[34]栾立维.建筑工程项目施工最优工期问题的研究[D].北京:北京交通大学,2009.
[35]徐森泉.基于嫡权的施工导流标准多目标风险决策研究[D].武汉:武汉大学,2004.
[36] Wi11iams, William W.; Tang, Kwei; Gong, Linguo. Proeess improvement for a container-filling proeess with random shifts. International Journal of Produetion Eeonomies,2000,66:23-31.
[37]李晓芝.建筑工程质量控制管理的研究[D].天津:河北工业大学,2006.
[38]李钰.建筑施工安全[M].北京:中国建筑工业出版社,2009.
[39]宋华岭,刘全顺,刘丽娟,刘仁宝,Cornelis Reiman.管理熵理论—企业组织管理系统复杂性评价的新尺度[J].管理科学学报,2003,6(3):19-26.
[40]宋华岭.广义与狭义管理熵理论—管理学的新研究领域[J].中国煤炭经济学院学报,2002,16(1):46-49.
[41] Moore C,Mosley D,Slagle M. Partnering guidelines for win-win project management[J].International Journal of Project Manage-went 2007 ,22 (1):18-21.
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[02]冯勇,侍克斌.深基坑支护施工方案最优化决策方法研究[J].建筑科学,2009,25(1):12-15
[03]田兵权.工程项目管理学[M].成都:西南交通大学出版社,2009:142.
[04]成虎.工程项目管理[M].北京:中国建筑工业出版社,2001:65.
[05]陈誉,彭兴黔.基于层次分析法的施工方案决策技术[J].郑州轻工业学院学报(自然科学版),2007,22(2/3):198-200.
[06]陈建超.基于价值工程的施工方案选择[J].山西建筑,2010,12,36(35):202.
[07]高树友,杜海金.基于灰色关联度的工程施工方案综合评价方法研究[J].煤炭工程,2003,(1):37-39.
[08]冯勇.施工方案的多目标最小方差法优选决策的研究[J].数学的实践与认识,2006,36(3):171-173.
[09]邱菀华.管理决策与应用熵学[M].北京:机械工业出版社,2001.
[10]王健,刘尔烈,骆刚.工程项目管理中工期—成本—质量综合均衡优化[J].系统工程学报,2004,19(2):148-150.
[11]刘强,杨清江.施工项目管理中成本、工期、质量和安全的控制[J].宁夏工学院学报(自然科学版),1997,9(1):31-33.
[12]陆宁,史玉芳,高选强,李伟红,廖向晖.施工工序子系统可靠性的确定方法研究[J].西安建筑科大学学报(自然科学版),2006,38(3):311-315.
[13]陆宁,王芳,王森浩,王小萌,马红军.建设项目施工方案的综合优化[J].中国青年科技,2008,167:48-51.
[14]陆宁,王芳,王小萌.建设项目施工管理可靠性与合格标准的确定[J].现代商贸工业,2008,20(1):280-281.
[15]邱宛华.群组决策系统的熵模型[J].控制与决策,1995,10(1):51-53.
[16]马丽,高祺勋.基于结构熵的人力资源管理部门组织结构的评价[J].工业工程,2010,13(4).
[17]任佩瑜,张莉,宋勇.基于复杂性科学的管理熵、管理耗散结构理论及其在企业组织与决策中的作用[J].管理世界,2001,(6):142-147.
[18]苏光辉,侍克斌,周峰.基于改进的AHP法的施工方案多目标优选决策研究[J].水利科技与经济,2009,15(10):867-869.
[19]韩同银,马涛.施工企业物资的精细化管理[J].铁道工程学报,2006,(8):99-102.
[20]周荣喜,刘善存,邱菀华.熵在决策分析中的应用综述[J].控制与决策,2008,23(4):361-364.
[21]岳志强,张强.基于熵权的项目管理招投标决策方法及应用研究[J].中国管理科学,2004,12:83-86.
[22]班允浩,杨智璇.熵权分析法在建设项目优选问题中的应用研究[J].中国集体经济,2008,09:103-104.
[23]张仕廉,董勇,潘承仕.建筑安全管理[M].北京:中国建筑工业出版社,2005.
[24]闵小宝,吴根秀.信息熵与决策之间关系的讨论[J].计算机与现代化,2001(1):32-35.
[25]李源.工程项目工期与成本控制协调机理研究[D].西安:西安建筑科技大学,2005.
[26]杨永东.施工方案多目标决策研究[J].现代经济,2009,8(6):148-149.
[27]徐苏荣.建筑工程施工方案优选方法研究[J].华北水利水电学院学报,2006,27(3):20-22
[28]张文泉,张世英,江立勤.基于熵的决策评价模型及应用[J].系统工程学报,1995,10(3):69-73.
[29]白宝光.质量成本决策理论与质量成本管理应用研究[D].天津:天津大学,2007.
[30]张桂峰.理论在公路工程建设项目管理决策中的应用研究[D].重庆:重庆交通学院,2004
[31]郭凯,刘海峰.熵权决策法在煤矿建设施工方案评标中的应用[J].中国矿业,2010,19(4):97-99.
[32]李欣然.靠制度办事[M].北京:当代世界出版社,2009.
[33] Qiu Wanhua. An Eigenvalue Method on Group Decision[J]. Applied Mathematics and Mechaics,1997,18(11): 1099- 1104.
[34]栾立维.建筑工程项目施工最优工期问题的研究[D].北京:北京交通大学,2009.
[35]徐森泉.基于嫡权的施工导流标准多目标风险决策研究[D].武汉:武汉大学,2004.
[36] Wi11iams, William W.; Tang, Kwei; Gong, Linguo. Proeess improvement for a container-filling proeess with random shifts. International Journal of Produetion Eeonomies,2000,66:23-31.
[37]李晓芝.建筑工程质量控制管理的研究[D].天津:河北工业大学,2006.
[38]李钰.建筑施工安全[M].北京:中国建筑工业出版社,2009.
[39]宋华岭,刘全顺,刘丽娟,刘仁宝,Cornelis Reiman.管理熵理论—企业组织管理系统复杂性评价的新尺度[J].管理科学学报,2003,6(3):19-26.
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