甲醇汽油辛烷值、热值研究
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摘要
随着我国经济的快速发展,对能源的需求急剧增长。因此,针对石油资源日趋紧缺的现状,必须结合我国能源和资源的实际情况实施多元化的能源战略。甲醇燃料作为车用替代能源,已经充分显示出其清洁、环保的优势。发展煤基甲醇燃料,不仅可以节约石油资源,还能带动煤化工产业的发展,具有良好的经济和环保效益。
我国甲醇汽油的研究和推广工作也已经取得了阶段性的成果。但是还有大部分人对甲醇汽油的了解不够,对于其动力性、经济性存有疑问。当甲醇作为车用燃料,热值上升为甲醇的主要参数时,进行甲醇热值的实验测定与建立醇类燃料理论热值的估算关系式,具有重要意义。加上目前我国不同比例甲醇汽油的辛烷值没有明确的计算方法,本文针对这两方面的内容进行了详细研究。主要有以下几个方面。
论文对三种汽油组分油包括直馏汽油、催化裂化汽油以及催化重整汽油的辛烷值和热值进行了试验研究,并对这三种组分油的理化特性进行了分析,并利用线性回归的方法与其辛烷值进行线性关联,找出评价甲醇汽油辛烷值的方法。根据实验得出,直馏汽油虽然辛烷值较低,但热值较高；催化重整汽油的辛烷值最高,热值较低；催化裂化汽油介于二者之间。因此在我国汽油组分中,增加催化重整汽油的比例,不仅可以提高汽油的辛烷值,还可以提高我国油品质量。直馏汽油也可以作为甲醇汽油的组分油使用,实现直馏汽油与甲醇在辛烷值、热值、低温启动性方面的互补。
本文对甲醇汽油的热值进行了测定,并重新拟合了燃料热值的计算公式。通过分析和比较,证明重新拟合的公式能够作为燃料热值的计算公式使用。
最后论文对甲醇汽油的动力性、经济性以及排放特性进行了台架实验,得出甲醇汽油的动力性满足车用燃料的要求,经济性较高；常规排放低于汽油,非常规排放通过采取措施可以控制和降低。
With China's rapid economic development, the demand for energy rapidly increases. Thus, According to the actual situation in China's energy and resources, we must carry out energy diversification strategy. Methanol fuel as Vehicle alternative energy has fully shown its clean, environmentally friendly advantages. The development of coal based methanol fuel, not only can save oil resources, but also promote the development of coal chemical industry, with good economic and environmental benefits.
China's methanol fuel research and extension work has made gradual progress, but most people still do not know enough of methanol gasoline; they still have questions about its power, economy. When methanol was used as vehicle fuel, heating value becomes the main parameters of methanol, the experimental determination of calorific value of methanol and the establishments of alcohol fuel heating value of the estimated theoretical relationship are of great significance. In addition, there is no clear method of calculating the octane numbers of different proportional methanol gasoline. These two aspects were studied in detail. The study obtained conclusions as follows.
Three kinds of basic part oil of gasoline were experimentally researched in this article, also physical and chemical characteristic of them were analyzed, by using the linear regression to find out the relationship between the physical and chemical characteristic and octane number. According to the experiment, distilled gasoline has low octane number but high heating value; Catalytic reforming gasoline has low heating value but high octane number; the octane number and heating value of catalytically cracked gasoline were between them.
Therefore, the increase of the proportion of catalytic reforming of gasoline, not only can improve the octane number of gasoline, but also can improve the quality of oil. Distilled gasoline can also be used as the part oil of methanol gasoline, which can relatively complemented in octane number, heating value, low-temperature start performance.
In this paper, the heating values of 1 methanol gasoline were measured and a new formula was created also; through the analysis and comparison, the re-fitting formula can be used to calculate heating value of fuel.
Finally, engine bench experiments were done in the power, economy and emission characteristics. The power of methanol gasoline can meet the requirements of vehicle fuel, And with higher economic efficiency, lower conventional emissions, unconventional emissions can be controlled and reduced by taking measures.
我国甲醇汽油的研究和推广工作也已经取得了阶段性的成果。但是还有大部分人对甲醇汽油的了解不够,对于其动力性、经济性存有疑问。当甲醇作为车用燃料,热值上升为甲醇的主要参数时,进行甲醇热值的实验测定与建立醇类燃料理论热值的估算关系式,具有重要意义。加上目前我国不同比例甲醇汽油的辛烷值没有明确的计算方法,本文针对这两方面的内容进行了详细研究。主要有以下几个方面。
论文对三种汽油组分油包括直馏汽油、催化裂化汽油以及催化重整汽油的辛烷值和热值进行了试验研究,并对这三种组分油的理化特性进行了分析,并利用线性回归的方法与其辛烷值进行线性关联,找出评价甲醇汽油辛烷值的方法。根据实验得出,直馏汽油虽然辛烷值较低,但热值较高；催化重整汽油的辛烷值最高,热值较低；催化裂化汽油介于二者之间。因此在我国汽油组分中,增加催化重整汽油的比例,不仅可以提高汽油的辛烷值,还可以提高我国油品质量。直馏汽油也可以作为甲醇汽油的组分油使用,实现直馏汽油与甲醇在辛烷值、热值、低温启动性方面的互补。
本文对甲醇汽油的热值进行了测定,并重新拟合了燃料热值的计算公式。通过分析和比较,证明重新拟合的公式能够作为燃料热值的计算公式使用。
最后论文对甲醇汽油的动力性、经济性以及排放特性进行了台架实验,得出甲醇汽油的动力性满足车用燃料的要求,经济性较高；常规排放低于汽油,非常规排放通过采取措施可以控制和降低。
With China's rapid economic development, the demand for energy rapidly increases. Thus, According to the actual situation in China's energy and resources, we must carry out energy diversification strategy. Methanol fuel as Vehicle alternative energy has fully shown its clean, environmentally friendly advantages. The development of coal based methanol fuel, not only can save oil resources, but also promote the development of coal chemical industry, with good economic and environmental benefits.
China's methanol fuel research and extension work has made gradual progress, but most people still do not know enough of methanol gasoline; they still have questions about its power, economy. When methanol was used as vehicle fuel, heating value becomes the main parameters of methanol, the experimental determination of calorific value of methanol and the establishments of alcohol fuel heating value of the estimated theoretical relationship are of great significance. In addition, there is no clear method of calculating the octane numbers of different proportional methanol gasoline. These two aspects were studied in detail. The study obtained conclusions as follows.
Three kinds of basic part oil of gasoline were experimentally researched in this article, also physical and chemical characteristic of them were analyzed, by using the linear regression to find out the relationship between the physical and chemical characteristic and octane number. According to the experiment, distilled gasoline has low octane number but high heating value; Catalytic reforming gasoline has low heating value but high octane number; the octane number and heating value of catalytically cracked gasoline were between them.
Therefore, the increase of the proportion of catalytic reforming of gasoline, not only can improve the octane number of gasoline, but also can improve the quality of oil. Distilled gasoline can also be used as the part oil of methanol gasoline, which can relatively complemented in octane number, heating value, low-temperature start performance.
In this paper, the heating values of 1 methanol gasoline were measured and a new formula was created also; through the analysis and comparison, the re-fitting formula can be used to calculate heating value of fuel.
Finally, engine bench experiments were done in the power, economy and emission characteristics. The power of methanol gasoline can meet the requirements of vehicle fuel, And with higher economic efficiency, lower conventional emissions, unconventional emissions can be controlled and reduced by taking measures.
引文
[1]刘生全,马志义,王平福,等.车用甲醇汽油燃料技术性能研究[J].长安大学学报,2007,27(4)：88-91
[2]刘生全,马志义,刘琼琼,等.积极开拓市场推进甲醇燃料的应用[C].陕西省能源重化工产品深加工技术文集,2010,11：83-86
[3]崔心存.车用替代燃料与生物质能[M].北京：中国石化出版社,2007：95-96
[4]钱伯章.甲醇生产技术及进展[J].精细化工原料及中间体,2009,12(11)：29-32
[5]朱清江.甲醇汽油使用性能与技术研究[D].西安：长安大学,2006
[6]李文乐.甲醇汽油在国内外应用情况及分析[J].化工进展,2010,29(3)：457-464
[7]李奋明.甲醇燃料的研究、开发现状及发展前景[J].2003,21(2)：15-20
[8]吴耀曲,郭四虎.甲醇汽油金属腐蚀抑制剂的应用研究[J].内燃机,2008,19(2)：52-54
[9]王甘霖,吴志军,胡宗杰,等.甲醇汽油对橡胶材料的溶胀性研究[J].汽车工程,2010,32(7)：643-647
[10]刘圣华,李晖,吕胜春,等.甲醇-汽油混合燃料对汽油机性能和排放的影响[J].西安交通大学学报,2006,40(1)：1-4
[11]于爱东.汽油单体烃色谱分析及研究法辛烷值计算[D].天津：天津大学,2004
[12]高步良.高辛烷值汽油组分生产技术[M].北京：中国石化出版社,2006：23-26
[13]董敬,庄志,常思勤.汽车拖拉机发动机[M].北京：机械工业出版社,2000：49-50
[14]崔心存.内燃机的代用燃料[M].北京：机械工业出版社,1990：113-114
[15]冯钰,高金森,徐春明.清洁汽油生产技术现状及发展趋势[J].石化技术,2002,9(4)：238-242
[16]田肃宁.汽油烃组成对排放的影响[D].天津：天津大学,2005
[17]吕路明,朱妙军,胡勤海.地下水MTBE的污染及生物降解技术研究进展[J].科技通报,2008,24(5)：731-737
[18]GBT5487—1995,汽油辛烷值测定法(研究法)[S].北京：中国标准出版社,1995
[19]陈锴,张岩奎.化学计量方法在近红外光谱分析中的应用[J].甘肃科技,2004,20(4)： 93-95
[20]覃旭松.基于拉曼光谱的汽油辛烷值测定方法[D].杭州：浙江大学,2004
[21]黄德义.汽油辛烷值测定方法选择的探讨[J].福建轻纺,2005,195(8)：36-38
[22]李长秀,杨海鹰,王征.一种新的汽油辛烷值的气相色谱测定方法[J].色谱,2003,21(4)： 81-84
[23]赵升红,黄毅,刘多强.中红外光谱技术在油品分析中的应用[J].石油化工应用,2009,28(7)：6-7
[24]翁诗甫.傅里叶变换红外光谱仪[M].北京：化学工业出版社,2005：288-292
[25]周明,王舒平,赵金洲,等.车用高甲醇基汽油代用燃料配方的研究[J].精细石油化工,2004,11(6)：10-13
[26]GB 18047—2000,车用压缩天然气[S].北京：国家标准出版社,2000
[27]陈伟芳.M15甲醇汽油对发动机排放的影响[J].内燃机工程,2009,30(3)：27-29
[28]曹国忠.甲醇汽油及其应用性能研究[D].重庆：重庆大学,2008
[29]陈任贞.根据燃料理化性质估算辛烷值[J].石油炼制与石油化工译丛,1989,1(1)：16-18
[30]GB 384—81,石油产品热值测定法[S].国家标准出版社,1981
[31]魏伴云.火灾与爆炸灾害安全工程学[M].武汉：中国地质大学出版社,2004：115-116
[32]王松汉.石油化工设计手册[M].北京：化学工业出版社,2001：422-433
[33]许世海,熊云,刘晓.液体燃料的性质与应用[M].北京：中国石化出版社,2010：173-176
[34]QC/T524—1999,汽车发动机性能实验方法[S].北京：国家机械工业局,1999
[35]GB/T17692—1999,汽车用发动机净功率测试方法[S].北京：国家质量技术监督局,1999
[36]张君.甲醇汽油车用技术研究[D].西安：长安大学,2010
[37]GB14951—2007,汽车节油技术评定方法[S].北京：中国标准出版社,2007
[38]阎文兵,姜绍忠,方林焱,等.一种甲醇/汽油灵活燃料发动机智能控制装置[J].拖拉机与农用运输车,2009,36(6)：122-126
[39]项春燕.掺烧甲醇发动机甲醛排放特性的研究[D].天津：天津大学,2008
[40]侯亚玲.甲醛排放影响因素及气相色谱在新能源中的应用[D].西安：长安大学,2009
[41]刘涛.甲醇清洁燃料汽车尾气净化Ag/γ-Al2O3催化剂的研究[D].北京：北京化工大学,2004
[2]刘生全,马志义,刘琼琼,等.积极开拓市场推进甲醇燃料的应用[C].陕西省能源重化工产品深加工技术文集,2010,11：83-86
[3]崔心存.车用替代燃料与生物质能[M].北京：中国石化出版社,2007：95-96
[4]钱伯章.甲醇生产技术及进展[J].精细化工原料及中间体,2009,12(11)：29-32
[5]朱清江.甲醇汽油使用性能与技术研究[D].西安：长安大学,2006
[6]李文乐.甲醇汽油在国内外应用情况及分析[J].化工进展,2010,29(3)：457-464
[7]李奋明.甲醇燃料的研究、开发现状及发展前景[J].2003,21(2)：15-20
[8]吴耀曲,郭四虎.甲醇汽油金属腐蚀抑制剂的应用研究[J].内燃机,2008,19(2)：52-54
[9]王甘霖,吴志军,胡宗杰,等.甲醇汽油对橡胶材料的溶胀性研究[J].汽车工程,2010,32(7)：643-647
[10]刘圣华,李晖,吕胜春,等.甲醇-汽油混合燃料对汽油机性能和排放的影响[J].西安交通大学学报,2006,40(1)：1-4
[11]于爱东.汽油单体烃色谱分析及研究法辛烷值计算[D].天津：天津大学,2004
[12]高步良.高辛烷值汽油组分生产技术[M].北京：中国石化出版社,2006：23-26
[13]董敬,庄志,常思勤.汽车拖拉机发动机[M].北京：机械工业出版社,2000：49-50
[14]崔心存.内燃机的代用燃料[M].北京：机械工业出版社,1990：113-114
[15]冯钰,高金森,徐春明.清洁汽油生产技术现状及发展趋势[J].石化技术,2002,9(4)：238-242
[16]田肃宁.汽油烃组成对排放的影响[D].天津：天津大学,2005
[17]吕路明,朱妙军,胡勤海.地下水MTBE的污染及生物降解技术研究进展[J].科技通报,2008,24(5)：731-737
[18]GBT5487—1995,汽油辛烷值测定法(研究法)[S].北京：中国标准出版社,1995
[19]陈锴,张岩奎.化学计量方法在近红外光谱分析中的应用[J].甘肃科技,2004,20(4)： 93-95
[20]覃旭松.基于拉曼光谱的汽油辛烷值测定方法[D].杭州：浙江大学,2004
[21]黄德义.汽油辛烷值测定方法选择的探讨[J].福建轻纺,2005,195(8)：36-38
[22]李长秀,杨海鹰,王征.一种新的汽油辛烷值的气相色谱测定方法[J].色谱,2003,21(4)： 81-84
[23]赵升红,黄毅,刘多强.中红外光谱技术在油品分析中的应用[J].石油化工应用,2009,28(7)：6-7
[24]翁诗甫.傅里叶变换红外光谱仪[M].北京：化学工业出版社,2005：288-292
[25]周明,王舒平,赵金洲,等.车用高甲醇基汽油代用燃料配方的研究[J].精细石油化工,2004,11(6)：10-13
[26]GB 18047—2000,车用压缩天然气[S].北京：国家标准出版社,2000
[27]陈伟芳.M15甲醇汽油对发动机排放的影响[J].内燃机工程,2009,30(3)：27-29
[28]曹国忠.甲醇汽油及其应用性能研究[D].重庆：重庆大学,2008
[29]陈任贞.根据燃料理化性质估算辛烷值[J].石油炼制与石油化工译丛,1989,1(1)：16-18
[30]GB 384—81,石油产品热值测定法[S].国家标准出版社,1981
[31]魏伴云.火灾与爆炸灾害安全工程学[M].武汉：中国地质大学出版社,2004：115-116
[32]王松汉.石油化工设计手册[M].北京：化学工业出版社,2001：422-433
[33]许世海,熊云,刘晓.液体燃料的性质与应用[M].北京：中国石化出版社,2010：173-176
[34]QC/T524—1999,汽车发动机性能实验方法[S].北京：国家机械工业局,1999
[35]GB/T17692—1999,汽车用发动机净功率测试方法[S].北京：国家质量技术监督局,1999
[36]张君.甲醇汽油车用技术研究[D].西安：长安大学,2010
[37]GB14951—2007,汽车节油技术评定方法[S].北京：中国标准出版社,2007
[38]阎文兵,姜绍忠,方林焱,等.一种甲醇/汽油灵活燃料发动机智能控制装置[J].拖拉机与农用运输车,2009,36(6)：122-126
[39]项春燕.掺烧甲醇发动机甲醛排放特性的研究[D].天津：天津大学,2008
[40]侯亚玲.甲醛排放影响因素及气相色谱在新能源中的应用[D].西安：长安大学,2009
[41]刘涛.甲醇清洁燃料汽车尾气净化Ag/γ-Al2O3催化剂的研究[D].北京：北京化工大学,2004