重庆燃气企业技术创新与改造策略研究
摘要
城市燃气企业主要承担城市燃气、煤气、液化石油气的输配和供应管理职能，属于城市公用事业，这类企业由于其行业的特殊性，计划经济的色彩比较浓厚，企业核心竞争力不强，抵御风险的能力比较弱，技术水平比较低，随着国家"西气东输"工程的启动和"十五"期间城市清洁能源工程的实施以及加入WTO后政策面可能发生的变化，燃气企业现有的装备技术状况已无法满足社会日益增长的对天然气资源供应的需求，无法对应国家政策变化而带来的市场竞争，因此，燃气企业通过技术创新和大规模的项目改造，增强企业竞争力和实力已成其为必然趋势。
本文试图通过对城市燃气企业现状和面临的形势进行分析，并以重庆市主城区天然气系统改扩建工程项目为实例，以项目基本条件、风险控制、提高投资效益、项目管理为主线，分析探讨重庆乃至全国城市燃气企业进行技术创新与改造时应采取的策略及方法。
论文共分三个部分，第一部分，介绍了燃气企业的基本现状和面临的形势、发展的思路以及燃气企业推进技术创新与改造项目的必要性分析；第二部分，以重庆市主城区天然气系统改扩建工程为实例，着重用投资决策理论进行了系统风险分析和财务评价，以求帮助燃气企业降低投资风险；第三部分，着重对燃气企业应实施的技术创新与改造策略进行分析，通过描述企业技术轨迹，确立技术创新战略，以及建立项目经理评价体系，供货商评价体系、风险控制体系，对燃气企业技术创新与改造项目实行立体化多方位的管理与控制。本文所提出的策略和方法对重庆乃至全国城市燃气企业有很强的指导作用。
The city gas enterprise mainly undertakes the tasks of transport and distribution of the natural gas, the coal gas and the liquid petroleum, and function as the supplier management. It is a kind of public cause in the city. This kind of enterprise, in terms of its specialization, has strong tendency towards the "planning economy", the competition inside the enterprise is very weak, the capability to withstand the danger is poor, and the level of technology is comparatively low. With the development of the project "Western Gas exported to the East", the implementation of the city cleaning energy engineering during the "Tenth-five -year Plan" of China and the possible change after the entry of WTO. The present equipment and technology cannot satisfy the needs of the society, in which the resource of natural gas is increasing fast, and cannot encounter the competition brought by the change of the country's policy. Therefore, through the technological innovation and the mass project reformation, the gas enterprise is bound to strengthen the competition and the capability.
This paper tries to analyze the present situation of the city gas enterprise, and to take the reformation project in the main districts of the city as the real examples, according to the basic condition of the project; the risk control; project management and the main part of increasing investment benefit, strategies and methods will be analyzed and discussed during the technological innovation and reformation in Chongqing or even in China.
There are three parts in this dissertation. In the first part, the basic present situation and what will be encountered in the gas enterprise will be introduced. The thought for the development and the necessity of improving technological innovation and reformation project will be analyzed. The second part, in the case of the reformation project in the main districts of the city, will discuss the systematical risk analysis and financial assessment mainly based on the theory of investment decision, so as to help gas enterprise to reduce the investment risk. The third part will analyze the technological innovation and the reformation strategy to be performed by the gas enterprise. By describing the technological track in the enterprise, innovation strategies will be decided, and the assessment system of the project manager, the supplier and the risk control will be established to manage and control technological innovation and
reformation project of the gas enterprise in all aspects. The strategies and methods in this paper will perform a guidance in the city gas enterprises in Chongqing and even in China.
本文试图通过对城市燃气企业现状和面临的形势进行分析，并以重庆市主城区天然气系统改扩建工程项目为实例，以项目基本条件、风险控制、提高投资效益、项目管理为主线，分析探讨重庆乃至全国城市燃气企业进行技术创新与改造时应采取的策略及方法。
论文共分三个部分，第一部分，介绍了燃气企业的基本现状和面临的形势、发展的思路以及燃气企业推进技术创新与改造项目的必要性分析；第二部分，以重庆市主城区天然气系统改扩建工程为实例，着重用投资决策理论进行了系统风险分析和财务评价，以求帮助燃气企业降低投资风险；第三部分，着重对燃气企业应实施的技术创新与改造策略进行分析，通过描述企业技术轨迹，确立技术创新战略，以及建立项目经理评价体系，供货商评价体系、风险控制体系，对燃气企业技术创新与改造项目实行立体化多方位的管理与控制。本文所提出的策略和方法对重庆乃至全国城市燃气企业有很强的指导作用。
The city gas enterprise mainly undertakes the tasks of transport and distribution of the natural gas, the coal gas and the liquid petroleum, and function as the supplier management. It is a kind of public cause in the city. This kind of enterprise, in terms of its specialization, has strong tendency towards the "planning economy", the competition inside the enterprise is very weak, the capability to withstand the danger is poor, and the level of technology is comparatively low. With the development of the project "Western Gas exported to the East", the implementation of the city cleaning energy engineering during the "Tenth-five -year Plan" of China and the possible change after the entry of WTO. The present equipment and technology cannot satisfy the needs of the society, in which the resource of natural gas is increasing fast, and cannot encounter the competition brought by the change of the country's policy. Therefore, through the technological innovation and the mass project reformation, the gas enterprise is bound to strengthen the competition and the capability.
This paper tries to analyze the present situation of the city gas enterprise, and to take the reformation project in the main districts of the city as the real examples, according to the basic condition of the project; the risk control; project management and the main part of increasing investment benefit, strategies and methods will be analyzed and discussed during the technological innovation and reformation in Chongqing or even in China.
There are three parts in this dissertation. In the first part, the basic present situation and what will be encountered in the gas enterprise will be introduced. The thought for the development and the necessity of improving technological innovation and reformation project will be analyzed. The second part, in the case of the reformation project in the main districts of the city, will discuss the systematical risk analysis and financial assessment mainly based on the theory of investment decision, so as to help gas enterprise to reduce the investment risk. The third part will analyze the technological innovation and the reformation strategy to be performed by the gas enterprise. By describing the technological track in the enterprise, innovation strategies will be decided, and the assessment system of the project manager, the supplier and the risk control will be established to manage and control technological innovation and
reformation project of the gas enterprise in all aspects. The strategies and methods in this paper will perform a guidance in the city gas enterprises in Chongqing and even in China.
引文
[1] 段瑞春等《技术创新干部读书》 （1999） 中央党校出版社
[2] C·德布雷森《技术创新经济分析》 （1999） 辽宁人民出版社
[3] Robinson, A. (1999) Continuotts Improvement in Operations. Productivity Press, Cambridge, Mass.
[4] Kaplisnsky, R. (1994) The challenge of Easternisation. Frank Cass, London.
[5] Surendra S. Singhvi, "Post-Completion Review for Capital Project." May Planning Review, 1996. (P37)
[6] 杨华生《中国创新求存》 （1998）花城出版社
[7] Mowery, D. and Rosenberg N. (1989) Technology and the Pursuit of Economic Growth Cambridge University Press.
[8] Foster, R. Innovation-the attacker's advantage. Pan books London (1986)
[9] Coombs. R. and Richards, A (1991) Technologies, Products and firm Strategies, Technology Analysis and Strategic Management.
[10] Nelson, R. and Winter, S (1997) In search of a useful theory of innovation Research Policy, 5 1977
[11] Teece, D and Pisano, G (1994) the dynamic Capabilities of firms; an introduction Industrial and Corporat Change.
[12] Whiston T (1979) The uses and Abuses of Forecasting Macmillan, London.
[13] 玖·笛德等《创新管理--技术、市场与组织变革的集成》 （2002）清华大学出版社
[14] Souder, W. and Sherman, J (1994) Managing New Technology Delopment. McGraw-Hill, New York.
[15] Calantone, R. and Monoya, M (1994) 'Produt launch and follow-on', in Souder, W. and Sherman, J (eds), in managing New Technology Development, McGraw-Hill, New York
[16] David I. Cleland (1999) Project Management: Scrategic Design and Implementation.
[17] Jolhn R. Adams and Stephen E. Barvdt, "Behavioval Implication of the Project Life Cele." In David I. Chband and William R. King, Project Management Handbook 1983.
[18] Harold Kerzner and Hars J. Thamhaim, Project Management Operating Guidelines( New York: Van Nostrand Reinhold)
[19] Erilk W. Larsom and David H. Gobeli, "Organizing for Produt Development Projects". Journal of Product Innovation Management, Vol. 5 1998
[20] Hayes, R, Whelwright, S and (lark, k. 1988) Dynarnic Manufacturing: Creating the Learning organization Free Press, New York.
[21]弗雷德·R·戴维《战略管理》 （1999）经济科学出版社
[22] 黄鲁成"关于我国技术创新研究的思考"《中国软科学》 2002.3
[23] 侯国清"谈谈跨越式技术创新"《中国软科学》 2000.3
[24] 徐跃等"坚持改革创新，燃气企业必将扭亏脱困"《城市燃气》月刊 2001.11
[25] 元永泰、马宁等《城市燃气行业"十五"技术进步发展规划--子课题之七：推进市燃气企业信息化系统建设》《城市燃气》月刊 2002.1
[26] 吕川、王维树等"赴日考察报告"，内部资料 2001
[27] 周宜良"城市燃气管网安全及对策"《城市燃气》月刊 2001.9
[28] 刘贺明"中国城市燃气面临的形势和发展的措施"《城市燃气》月刊 2002.3
[29] 苏文戟《重庆市燃气行业企业投融资策略的实例分析》资料 2000
[2] C·德布雷森《技术创新经济分析》 （1999） 辽宁人民出版社
[3] Robinson, A. (1999) Continuotts Improvement in Operations. Productivity Press, Cambridge, Mass.
[4] Kaplisnsky, R. (1994) The challenge of Easternisation. Frank Cass, London.
[5] Surendra S. Singhvi, "Post-Completion Review for Capital Project." May Planning Review, 1996. (P37)
[6] 杨华生《中国创新求存》 （1998）花城出版社
[7] Mowery, D. and Rosenberg N. (1989) Technology and the Pursuit of Economic Growth Cambridge University Press.
[8] Foster, R. Innovation-the attacker's advantage. Pan books London (1986)
[9] Coombs. R. and Richards, A (1991) Technologies, Products and firm Strategies, Technology Analysis and Strategic Management.
[10] Nelson, R. and Winter, S (1997) In search of a useful theory of innovation Research Policy, 5 1977
[11] Teece, D and Pisano, G (1994) the dynamic Capabilities of firms; an introduction Industrial and Corporat Change.
[12] Whiston T (1979) The uses and Abuses of Forecasting Macmillan, London.
[13] 玖·笛德等《创新管理--技术、市场与组织变革的集成》 （2002）清华大学出版社
[14] Souder, W. and Sherman, J (1994) Managing New Technology Delopment. McGraw-Hill, New York.
[15] Calantone, R. and Monoya, M (1994) 'Produt launch and follow-on', in Souder, W. and Sherman, J (eds), in managing New Technology Development, McGraw-Hill, New York
[16] David I. Cleland (1999) Project Management: Scrategic Design and Implementation.
[17] Jolhn R. Adams and Stephen E. Barvdt, "Behavioval Implication of the Project Life Cele." In David I. Chband and William R. King, Project Management Handbook 1983.
[18] Harold Kerzner and Hars J. Thamhaim, Project Management Operating Guidelines( New York: Van Nostrand Reinhold)
[19] Erilk W. Larsom and David H. Gobeli, "Organizing for Produt Development Projects". Journal of Product Innovation Management, Vol. 5 1998
[20] Hayes, R, Whelwright, S and (lark, k. 1988) Dynarnic Manufacturing: Creating the Learning organization Free Press, New York.
[21]弗雷德·R·戴维《战略管理》 （1999）经济科学出版社
[22] 黄鲁成"关于我国技术创新研究的思考"《中国软科学》 2002.3
[23] 侯国清"谈谈跨越式技术创新"《中国软科学》 2000.3
[24] 徐跃等"坚持改革创新，燃气企业必将扭亏脱困"《城市燃气》月刊 2001.11
[25] 元永泰、马宁等《城市燃气行业"十五"技术进步发展规划--子课题之七：推进市燃气企业信息化系统建设》《城市燃气》月刊 2002.1
[26] 吕川、王维树等"赴日考察报告"，内部资料 2001
[27] 周宜良"城市燃气管网安全及对策"《城市燃气》月刊 2001.9
[28] 刘贺明"中国城市燃气面临的形势和发展的措施"《城市燃气》月刊 2002.3
[29] 苏文戟《重庆市燃气行业企业投融资策略的实例分析》资料 2000