抑爆铝锰合金箔的开发与性能研究
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摘要
随着工业的发展,燃油、乙烷等易燃易爆液态及气态化学品的储存和运输量越来越大。因此,抑制这些易燃易爆化学品在储运过程中燃烧、爆炸就尤为重要。目前,较为普遍的抑爆方法是在易燃易爆化学品中装填抑爆材料。
金属抑爆材料多采用3003或3A21铝合金冷轧箔制成,铝箔经切缝、拉网叠制成型等工序,加工成蜂窝状结构,可以起到阻抗爆炸瞬间的能量释放,吸收爆炸产生的高温并迅速向外散热,阻止火焰的蔓延与扩大的作用,为存储和运输的安全提供保障。但是3003和3A21冷轧箔存在脆性大、伸长率低的缺点,加工困难,使用过程中易出现掉渣掉沫的现象。因此本文根据公司要求,制得FJ-1、FJ-4两种合金铸坯,并将其轧制成箔,通过研究成品退火对合金箔力学性能、热导率和电导率的影响,确定成品退火工艺,最终得到力学性能良好,热导率、电导率符合要求的抑爆材料。
本文利用Metalscan2000/2000F型发射光谱仪、带偏光的金相显微镜(OM)等分析手段,通过调整各添加元素的吸收率,制得成分符合公司要求的两种合金铸坯,并研究均匀化退火工艺对合金铸坯显微组织的影响,确定合适的均匀化退火工艺。然后将两种合金铸坯轧制成箔,研究成品退火工艺对合金箔显微组织、力学性能、热导率和电导率的影响,并与普通抑爆材料的各项性能指标作出比较。
研究结果表明,FJ-1合金铸坯晶粒呈等轴状分布,晶粒的平均尺寸为68um,晶界处有块状相和骨骼状相析出。经580℃×4h的均匀化退火后,合金中块状相和骨骼状相完全溶解,呈细小颗粒状分布。FJ-4合金铸坯的铸态组织主要由树枝状的a-A1相和枝晶间的共晶体组成,经600℃×4h的均匀化退火后合金中骨骼状和不规则块状第二相消失。
FJ-1冷轧箔的显微硬度为86HV,抗拉强度为205MPa,伸长率为3%,随着退火温度的升高,合金箔的硬度和抗拉强度减小,伸长率增大。经340℃x2h退火后,FJ-1合金箔的显微硬度为48HV,抗拉强度为131MPa,伸长率为28%。FJ-4冷轧箔的显微硬度为81HV,抗拉强度为197MPa,伸长率为2.5%,经340℃x2h退火后合金箔的显微硬度为56HV,抗拉强度为138MPa,伸长率为26%。两种合金箔的强度和硬度均达到抑爆材料的要求,且塑性良好。340℃下延长保温时间,两种合金箔的力学性能改变不大。
FJ-1冷轧箔的电导率为42%IACS,热导率为161W.(m.K)-1,FJ-4冷轧箔的电导率为40%IACS,热导率为156W·(m·K)-1。两种合金箔的电导率和热导率均随退火温度的升高先增大,后有所减小。经340℃x2h退火后,FJ-1合金箔的电导率为50%IACS,热导率为215W.(m.K)-1,FJ-4合金箔的电导率为48%IACS,热导率为208W.(m.K)-1,均符合金属抑爆材料对电导率和热导率的要求。
With the development of the industry, the storage and transportation quantity of fuel, ethane and other explosive fluid chemicals is becoming larger and larger. So, it is important to restrain these chemicals explode in storage and transportation process. At present, the most popular method to restrain explode is filling metal explosion suppression materials in explosive chemicals.
Most of the metal explosion suppression materials are made by3003or3A21cold rolled foils. The aluminum foils were made by slitting and stretching into a network of honeycombed. However,3003and3A21cold-rolled foils are crisp and difficult to be machined. In addition, the fragile aluminum foils create a problem that explosion suppression materials are easy to generate debris. So in this paper, according to the requirements of a company, FJ-1, FJ-4aluminum-manganese alloys were obtained and then rolled into foil. This paper discusses the impact of annealing temperature and soaking time on the mechanical properties, thermal conductivity, electrical conductivity of those two kinds foils and got the most appropriate annealing process. Finally obtained the metal explosion suppression materials with high hardness, high strength, good plasticity and eligible thermal conductivity and electrical conductivity.
In this paper, to get the ingredient qualified aluminum-manganese alloy ingot blanks by adjusting the alloy elements additions and by using analysis and test facilities such as Metalscan2000/2000F Emission Spectrometer, Optical Microscopy(OM),and mechanical properties testing. Then study on the influences of the temperature of homogenizing treatment, soaking time, cooling method on the microstructure of the alloy ingot blanks to get the most appropriate annealing process. Next, rolling the alloy ingot blanks into foils, and study on the influences of the annealing temperature, soaking time on the microstructure, mechanical properties, thermal conductivity, electrical conductivity of the alloy foils and drew a comparison with usual metal explosion suppression materials.
The results shows that the grains of FJ-1alloy are equiaxed shape and the average grain size is68μ m. There are massive phases and skeletal phases separate out in the grain boundaries. After homogenizing annealing of580℃X2h, the massive and skeletal precipitated phases have been completely broke down and turn to granulated shape. The microstructure of FJ-4alloy ingot blanks is composed of dendritic a-Al and precipitated phases between the dendritic crystal. The precipitated phases are massive or skeletal and turn to granulated shape after homogenizing annealing of600℃X4h. Extending soaking time, the precipitated phases of the two alloy would grew up.
The two kinds alloy foils were been annealing treatment. And with the increase of annealing temperature, the hardness and strength of the foils decreases and the elongation increases. After annealing of340℃×2h, the Vickers hardness of FJ-1alloy foil is48HV, the tensile strength is131MPa, and the elongation reaches28%. The Vickers hardness of FJ-4alloy foil is56HV, the tensile strength is138MPa, and the elongation is26. The hardness and strength of these two alloy foils both fit for serving as metal explosion suppression materials. And the foils have good plasticity and easy to process. Extending soaking time under340℃causes little change of the mechanical properties of the foils.
The thermal conductivity and electrical conductivity of the two kinds alloy foils increase at first and then decrease as the increase of the annealing temperature. After annealing of340℃×2h, the electrical conductivity of FJ-1alloy foil is50%IACS, and the thermal conductivity is215W·(m·K)-1. The electrical conductivity of FJ-4alloy foil is48%IACS, and the thermal conductivity is208W.(m· K)-1. Both the two kinds foils fit for serving as metal explosion suppression materials.
金属抑爆材料多采用3003或3A21铝合金冷轧箔制成,铝箔经切缝、拉网叠制成型等工序,加工成蜂窝状结构,可以起到阻抗爆炸瞬间的能量释放,吸收爆炸产生的高温并迅速向外散热,阻止火焰的蔓延与扩大的作用,为存储和运输的安全提供保障。但是3003和3A21冷轧箔存在脆性大、伸长率低的缺点,加工困难,使用过程中易出现掉渣掉沫的现象。因此本文根据公司要求,制得FJ-1、FJ-4两种合金铸坯,并将其轧制成箔,通过研究成品退火对合金箔力学性能、热导率和电导率的影响,确定成品退火工艺,最终得到力学性能良好,热导率、电导率符合要求的抑爆材料。
本文利用Metalscan2000/2000F型发射光谱仪、带偏光的金相显微镜(OM)等分析手段,通过调整各添加元素的吸收率,制得成分符合公司要求的两种合金铸坯,并研究均匀化退火工艺对合金铸坯显微组织的影响,确定合适的均匀化退火工艺。然后将两种合金铸坯轧制成箔,研究成品退火工艺对合金箔显微组织、力学性能、热导率和电导率的影响,并与普通抑爆材料的各项性能指标作出比较。
研究结果表明,FJ-1合金铸坯晶粒呈等轴状分布,晶粒的平均尺寸为68um,晶界处有块状相和骨骼状相析出。经580℃×4h的均匀化退火后,合金中块状相和骨骼状相完全溶解,呈细小颗粒状分布。FJ-4合金铸坯的铸态组织主要由树枝状的a-A1相和枝晶间的共晶体组成,经600℃×4h的均匀化退火后合金中骨骼状和不规则块状第二相消失。
FJ-1冷轧箔的显微硬度为86HV,抗拉强度为205MPa,伸长率为3%,随着退火温度的升高,合金箔的硬度和抗拉强度减小,伸长率增大。经340℃x2h退火后,FJ-1合金箔的显微硬度为48HV,抗拉强度为131MPa,伸长率为28%。FJ-4冷轧箔的显微硬度为81HV,抗拉强度为197MPa,伸长率为2.5%,经340℃x2h退火后合金箔的显微硬度为56HV,抗拉强度为138MPa,伸长率为26%。两种合金箔的强度和硬度均达到抑爆材料的要求,且塑性良好。340℃下延长保温时间,两种合金箔的力学性能改变不大。
FJ-1冷轧箔的电导率为42%IACS,热导率为161W.(m.K)-1,FJ-4冷轧箔的电导率为40%IACS,热导率为156W·(m·K)-1。两种合金箔的电导率和热导率均随退火温度的升高先增大,后有所减小。经340℃x2h退火后,FJ-1合金箔的电导率为50%IACS,热导率为215W.(m.K)-1,FJ-4合金箔的电导率为48%IACS,热导率为208W.(m.K)-1,均符合金属抑爆材料对电导率和热导率的要求。
With the development of the industry, the storage and transportation quantity of fuel, ethane and other explosive fluid chemicals is becoming larger and larger. So, it is important to restrain these chemicals explode in storage and transportation process. At present, the most popular method to restrain explode is filling metal explosion suppression materials in explosive chemicals.
Most of the metal explosion suppression materials are made by3003or3A21cold rolled foils. The aluminum foils were made by slitting and stretching into a network of honeycombed. However,3003and3A21cold-rolled foils are crisp and difficult to be machined. In addition, the fragile aluminum foils create a problem that explosion suppression materials are easy to generate debris. So in this paper, according to the requirements of a company, FJ-1, FJ-4aluminum-manganese alloys were obtained and then rolled into foil. This paper discusses the impact of annealing temperature and soaking time on the mechanical properties, thermal conductivity, electrical conductivity of those two kinds foils and got the most appropriate annealing process. Finally obtained the metal explosion suppression materials with high hardness, high strength, good plasticity and eligible thermal conductivity and electrical conductivity.
In this paper, to get the ingredient qualified aluminum-manganese alloy ingot blanks by adjusting the alloy elements additions and by using analysis and test facilities such as Metalscan2000/2000F Emission Spectrometer, Optical Microscopy(OM),and mechanical properties testing. Then study on the influences of the temperature of homogenizing treatment, soaking time, cooling method on the microstructure of the alloy ingot blanks to get the most appropriate annealing process. Next, rolling the alloy ingot blanks into foils, and study on the influences of the annealing temperature, soaking time on the microstructure, mechanical properties, thermal conductivity, electrical conductivity of the alloy foils and drew a comparison with usual metal explosion suppression materials.
The results shows that the grains of FJ-1alloy are equiaxed shape and the average grain size is68μ m. There are massive phases and skeletal phases separate out in the grain boundaries. After homogenizing annealing of580℃X2h, the massive and skeletal precipitated phases have been completely broke down and turn to granulated shape. The microstructure of FJ-4alloy ingot blanks is composed of dendritic a-Al and precipitated phases between the dendritic crystal. The precipitated phases are massive or skeletal and turn to granulated shape after homogenizing annealing of600℃X4h. Extending soaking time, the precipitated phases of the two alloy would grew up.
The two kinds alloy foils were been annealing treatment. And with the increase of annealing temperature, the hardness and strength of the foils decreases and the elongation increases. After annealing of340℃×2h, the Vickers hardness of FJ-1alloy foil is48HV, the tensile strength is131MPa, and the elongation reaches28%. The Vickers hardness of FJ-4alloy foil is56HV, the tensile strength is138MPa, and the elongation is26. The hardness and strength of these two alloy foils both fit for serving as metal explosion suppression materials. And the foils have good plasticity and easy to process. Extending soaking time under340℃causes little change of the mechanical properties of the foils.
The thermal conductivity and electrical conductivity of the two kinds alloy foils increase at first and then decrease as the increase of the annealing temperature. After annealing of340℃×2h, the electrical conductivity of FJ-1alloy foil is50%IACS, and the thermal conductivity is215W·(m·K)-1. The electrical conductivity of FJ-4alloy foil is48%IACS, and the thermal conductivity is208W.(m· K)-1. Both the two kinds foils fit for serving as metal explosion suppression materials.
引文
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