垃圾焚烧锅炉多目标优化运行评价研究
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摘要
随着我国经济的高速发展,人们生活水平的迅速提高,城市化进程的不断加快,城市生活垃圾产量急剧增加。城市生活垃圾处理技术主要包括卫生填埋、垃圾堆肥、垃圾焚烧及综合利用四种,其中垃圾焚烧处理技术具有减容化、无害化、资源化方面的独特优势,正作为一种比较成熟的处理技术在我国大中型城市得到大力推广应用。
由于城市生活垃圾具有热值较低、水分较高、成分复杂等特点而导致垃圾在焚烧发电过程中出现燃烧稳定性较差、垃圾焚烧锅炉运行经济性较差、垃圾焚烧污染物原始排放浓度较高等问题。为了更好地解决这些问题,需要对垃圾焚烧过程中燃烧稳定性、垃圾焚烧锅炉运行经济性与环保性进行及时评价分析和诊断,根据评价结果制定相应的优化策略指导垃圾焚烧锅炉优化运行。因此,垃圾焚烧锅炉多目标优化运行评价为垃圾焚烧锅炉优化运行提供了重要的理论依据。本论文通过理论分析的方式,针对垃圾焚烧机理、垃圾焚烧污染物形成机制及垃圾焚烧锅炉多目标优化运行评价这些方面开展以下几点研究:
详细地介绍了垃圾焚烧技术的基本原理,对垃圾焚烧炉燃烧过程、影响垃圾焚烧的主要因素及垃圾焚烧烟气中HCl、NOx、SO2、二恶英等各种污染物的形成机制进行了分析。
以某城市生活垃圾焚烧锅炉为研究对象,当垃圾热值变化时,利用垃圾焚烧锅炉热力校核计算方法对该垃圾焚烧锅炉分别进行了传热校核对比计算和锅炉热效率对比计算,研究了不同风量配比对垃圾焚烧锅炉热效率的影响情况。
基于垃圾焚烧锅炉运行的历史数据信息,将反映垃圾焚烧锅炉运行经济性与环保性、燃烧稳定性三个小目标及整体目标的评价指标分别进行提炼,运用主成分分析方法分别对垃圾焚烧锅炉运行经济性与环保性、燃烧稳定性三个小目标及整体目标进行了评价。
最后总结了全文的主要研究内容,并对现有研究工作的不足和仍需完善之处提出了建议和展望。
With the high-speed development of economy、the rapid improvement of civil life and the incessant speedup of city course, the total yield of municipal solid wastage(MSW) per year is rapidly increased. There are four main ways to dispose MSW, that is sanitary fill、MSW compost、MSW combustion and synthetically use, the disposal technology of municipal solid waste combustion has been applied in large or middle size city, because it has the unique advantage of reducing capacity、being harmless to healthy and utilizing resource.
Because MSW has the characteristic of lower heat value、superior water、complicated component, lower combustion stability、lower operation economy in MSW boiler and superior letting concentration of contamination brought by MSW combustion had happened in the process of electricity generated by MSW combustion. To solve these problem commendably, combustion stability、operation economy and environment in MSW boiler in the process of MSW combustion need to be evaluated and diagnosed in good time, optimization-strategy will be instituted on the basic of evaluation results in order to guide MSW boiler to realize optimization operation. So, evaluation on multi-target optimization operation in MSW boiler provides important theory gist for optimization operation in MSW boiler. This work aims at MSW combustion mechanism、the mechanism of forming contamination and evaluation on multi-target optimization operation in MSW boiler according to theory analysis. The following investigations were made in this dissertation.
The essential theory of MSW combustion technology were introduced in detail, the process of MSW combustion、the primary factor of affecting MSW combustion and the mechanism of forming contamination including HCl、NOx、SO2、dioxin from MSW combustion flue gas were analyzed.
Took some MSW boiler for studying object, when the heat value of MSW changed, this MSW boiler was carried through heat transfer checking computation and heat efficiency computation in different gross of air by utilizing the method of checking thermal calculation, different gross of air which can affect the heat efficiency of MSW boiler were researched.
According to a large amount of historical data in MSW boiler performing, assessing index which can reflect the stability of combustion、the economy and environment of performance in MSW boiler and integrated index were tried out, the stability of combustion、the economy and environment of performance in MSW boiler and integrated target were evaluated by utilizing the method of principal component analysis(PCA).
Finally, the primary research works were summed up, the prospects and advice for the further studies on existing research works were put forward.
由于城市生活垃圾具有热值较低、水分较高、成分复杂等特点而导致垃圾在焚烧发电过程中出现燃烧稳定性较差、垃圾焚烧锅炉运行经济性较差、垃圾焚烧污染物原始排放浓度较高等问题。为了更好地解决这些问题,需要对垃圾焚烧过程中燃烧稳定性、垃圾焚烧锅炉运行经济性与环保性进行及时评价分析和诊断,根据评价结果制定相应的优化策略指导垃圾焚烧锅炉优化运行。因此,垃圾焚烧锅炉多目标优化运行评价为垃圾焚烧锅炉优化运行提供了重要的理论依据。本论文通过理论分析的方式,针对垃圾焚烧机理、垃圾焚烧污染物形成机制及垃圾焚烧锅炉多目标优化运行评价这些方面开展以下几点研究:
详细地介绍了垃圾焚烧技术的基本原理,对垃圾焚烧炉燃烧过程、影响垃圾焚烧的主要因素及垃圾焚烧烟气中HCl、NOx、SO2、二恶英等各种污染物的形成机制进行了分析。
以某城市生活垃圾焚烧锅炉为研究对象,当垃圾热值变化时,利用垃圾焚烧锅炉热力校核计算方法对该垃圾焚烧锅炉分别进行了传热校核对比计算和锅炉热效率对比计算,研究了不同风量配比对垃圾焚烧锅炉热效率的影响情况。
基于垃圾焚烧锅炉运行的历史数据信息,将反映垃圾焚烧锅炉运行经济性与环保性、燃烧稳定性三个小目标及整体目标的评价指标分别进行提炼,运用主成分分析方法分别对垃圾焚烧锅炉运行经济性与环保性、燃烧稳定性三个小目标及整体目标进行了评价。
最后总结了全文的主要研究内容,并对现有研究工作的不足和仍需完善之处提出了建议和展望。
With the high-speed development of economy、the rapid improvement of civil life and the incessant speedup of city course, the total yield of municipal solid wastage(MSW) per year is rapidly increased. There are four main ways to dispose MSW, that is sanitary fill、MSW compost、MSW combustion and synthetically use, the disposal technology of municipal solid waste combustion has been applied in large or middle size city, because it has the unique advantage of reducing capacity、being harmless to healthy and utilizing resource.
Because MSW has the characteristic of lower heat value、superior water、complicated component, lower combustion stability、lower operation economy in MSW boiler and superior letting concentration of contamination brought by MSW combustion had happened in the process of electricity generated by MSW combustion. To solve these problem commendably, combustion stability、operation economy and environment in MSW boiler in the process of MSW combustion need to be evaluated and diagnosed in good time, optimization-strategy will be instituted on the basic of evaluation results in order to guide MSW boiler to realize optimization operation. So, evaluation on multi-target optimization operation in MSW boiler provides important theory gist for optimization operation in MSW boiler. This work aims at MSW combustion mechanism、the mechanism of forming contamination and evaluation on multi-target optimization operation in MSW boiler according to theory analysis. The following investigations were made in this dissertation.
The essential theory of MSW combustion technology were introduced in detail, the process of MSW combustion、the primary factor of affecting MSW combustion and the mechanism of forming contamination including HCl、NOx、SO2、dioxin from MSW combustion flue gas were analyzed.
Took some MSW boiler for studying object, when the heat value of MSW changed, this MSW boiler was carried through heat transfer checking computation and heat efficiency computation in different gross of air by utilizing the method of checking thermal calculation, different gross of air which can affect the heat efficiency of MSW boiler were researched.
According to a large amount of historical data in MSW boiler performing, assessing index which can reflect the stability of combustion、the economy and environment of performance in MSW boiler and integrated index were tried out, the stability of combustion、the economy and environment of performance in MSW boiler and integrated target were evaluated by utilizing the method of principal component analysis(PCA).
Finally, the primary research works were summed up, the prospects and advice for the further studies on existing research works were put forward.
引文
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[10]昌鹏,陆继东,沈凯,等.垃圾焚烧炉炉温加权因子自适应控制方法研究[J].锅炉技术,2004, 35(6):77-81.
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