瓦斯爆炸抑制材料的特性及抑爆作用研究
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摘要
近年来我国煤矿安全生产形势严峻,瓦斯爆炸事故频发,开展瓦斯爆炸抑制材料及其抑爆作用的研究迫在眉睫。通过对目前国内外瓦斯防治及抑爆材料与相关技术的分析,本论文在纳米材料具有特殊效应的基础上,通过材料特性与抑爆可行性分析选取系列具有纳米特性的物质如气溶胶、盐类活化水雾、纳米SiO_2、天然纳米孔结构材料硅藻土等以及与之相比较的镁系、铝系、磷系超细粉体作为瓦斯抑爆材料,对瓦斯爆炸抑制进行了系统实验研究。
自行设计、改进了XKWB-S型、XKWB-1型气体爆炸实验装置,从抑爆材料的种类、粒度、添加量等方面进行了系列瓦斯抑爆实验,以爆炸极限、爆炸感应期、火焰峰值速率、最大爆炸压力、最大爆炸压力上升速率以及压力峰值时间等特性参数作为抑爆效能表征参数,研究了抑爆过程中瓦斯爆炸火焰传播及压力变化规律。结果表明,不同抑爆材料对爆炸火焰传播和压力特性参数的影响不同,起到了不同程度的抑制作用,且存在一最佳抑爆添加量。其中无冷却气溶胶、KCl活化水雾、NH_4H_2PO_4粉体在现有实验装置和条件下抑制住了瓦斯爆炸,取得了较好的效果。
基于稳态法原理推导出了瓦斯爆炸总包反应速率方程,并应用Gaussian软件对瓦斯爆炸链式反应中8个基元反应进行了微观热力学和动力学的数值计算与分析,表明瓦斯爆炸反应过程中产生的自由基HO_2、HCO、O对爆炸具有决定性意义,提出了消除爆炸反应中的HO_2、HCO、O自由基是瓦斯抑爆的关键因素所在,并验证了系列抑爆材料的实质抑爆作用。在此基础上,基于链式反应理论从材料的纳米化以及反应中自由基与原子性能等效原理等方面分析了瓦斯抑爆材料的作用。
论文通过系列抑爆实验与抑爆作用的分析与研究,为矿井瓦斯爆炸灾害控制提供了重要的参考和依据。
At present, the situation of national coal mine production safety is very severe. Gas explosion accidents occur frequently. With this background, it is very important and urgent to control gas explosion. In order to slove the problem, large amount of suppressing gas explosion experimentals were studied in this thesis. According to the special effect possessed by nanometer material, aerosols and activated saltwater fog which have nano-meter characteristics, natural diatomite with nanoporous structure, nano-SiO_2, etc, were used as suppressants, and comparison of explosion suppression performance of these nano-materials with that of the ultrafine powder of magnesium series , aluminium series, phosphor series was studied, which based on the feasibility analysis of suppressing explosion.
Using self-designed and improved XKWB-S and XKWB-1 experimental devices of gas explosion, while considering the kind, particle size and addition quantity of explosion suppression material, the explosion limit, explosion induction period, peak speed of explosion flame, maximum explosion pressure, rate of pressure rise and the time of occurring pressure peak ,ect, were detected as the index to study on the change law of flame spread and pressure variation in the process of gas explosion suppression. The results showed that the influence of different materials on flame spread and pressure characteristic parameter during gas explosion are diffent, different material can inhibit the explosion in different degree and had the best dosage. Especially, non-Cooling aerosols, activated KCl water fog and NH_4H_2PO_4 power were chosen and properly arranged under existing experimental device and conditions, better effect were obtained.
The equation of overall reaction rate for fire damp explosion has been established by steady state method. Through numerical calculation and analysis, detailed thermodynamic micromechanism and microcosmic dynamics for chain reaction of gas explosion system, which included 8 element reactions, were carried out by appling Gaussian Software. It was shown that HO_2 free Radical, HCO free Radical and O free Radical, which were produced during the course of reaction, had decisive significance to gas explosion. It was put forward that removing HO_2, HCO and O free Radical is the key factor to limit gas explosion. And it was verified that suppressing explosion material series were very effective for removing these free Radicals. Based on the above analysis, through the active free radical chain reaction theory, the nature of inhibitory effect for gas explosion was discussed and reduced in respects as material nanocrystallization, equivalent principle of free radicals and atomicity with the same number of outer electron, etc.
These results from suppressing explosion experiments and analyzing roles for gas explosion suppression provided an important reference and basis for prevention of the mine gas explosion.
自行设计、改进了XKWB-S型、XKWB-1型气体爆炸实验装置,从抑爆材料的种类、粒度、添加量等方面进行了系列瓦斯抑爆实验,以爆炸极限、爆炸感应期、火焰峰值速率、最大爆炸压力、最大爆炸压力上升速率以及压力峰值时间等特性参数作为抑爆效能表征参数,研究了抑爆过程中瓦斯爆炸火焰传播及压力变化规律。结果表明,不同抑爆材料对爆炸火焰传播和压力特性参数的影响不同,起到了不同程度的抑制作用,且存在一最佳抑爆添加量。其中无冷却气溶胶、KCl活化水雾、NH_4H_2PO_4粉体在现有实验装置和条件下抑制住了瓦斯爆炸,取得了较好的效果。
基于稳态法原理推导出了瓦斯爆炸总包反应速率方程,并应用Gaussian软件对瓦斯爆炸链式反应中8个基元反应进行了微观热力学和动力学的数值计算与分析,表明瓦斯爆炸反应过程中产生的自由基HO_2、HCO、O对爆炸具有决定性意义,提出了消除爆炸反应中的HO_2、HCO、O自由基是瓦斯抑爆的关键因素所在,并验证了系列抑爆材料的实质抑爆作用。在此基础上,基于链式反应理论从材料的纳米化以及反应中自由基与原子性能等效原理等方面分析了瓦斯抑爆材料的作用。
论文通过系列抑爆实验与抑爆作用的分析与研究,为矿井瓦斯爆炸灾害控制提供了重要的参考和依据。
At present, the situation of national coal mine production safety is very severe. Gas explosion accidents occur frequently. With this background, it is very important and urgent to control gas explosion. In order to slove the problem, large amount of suppressing gas explosion experimentals were studied in this thesis. According to the special effect possessed by nanometer material, aerosols and activated saltwater fog which have nano-meter characteristics, natural diatomite with nanoporous structure, nano-SiO_2, etc, were used as suppressants, and comparison of explosion suppression performance of these nano-materials with that of the ultrafine powder of magnesium series , aluminium series, phosphor series was studied, which based on the feasibility analysis of suppressing explosion.
Using self-designed and improved XKWB-S and XKWB-1 experimental devices of gas explosion, while considering the kind, particle size and addition quantity of explosion suppression material, the explosion limit, explosion induction period, peak speed of explosion flame, maximum explosion pressure, rate of pressure rise and the time of occurring pressure peak ,ect, were detected as the index to study on the change law of flame spread and pressure variation in the process of gas explosion suppression. The results showed that the influence of different materials on flame spread and pressure characteristic parameter during gas explosion are diffent, different material can inhibit the explosion in different degree and had the best dosage. Especially, non-Cooling aerosols, activated KCl water fog and NH_4H_2PO_4 power were chosen and properly arranged under existing experimental device and conditions, better effect were obtained.
The equation of overall reaction rate for fire damp explosion has been established by steady state method. Through numerical calculation and analysis, detailed thermodynamic micromechanism and microcosmic dynamics for chain reaction of gas explosion system, which included 8 element reactions, were carried out by appling Gaussian Software. It was shown that HO_2 free Radical, HCO free Radical and O free Radical, which were produced during the course of reaction, had decisive significance to gas explosion. It was put forward that removing HO_2, HCO and O free Radical is the key factor to limit gas explosion. And it was verified that suppressing explosion material series were very effective for removing these free Radicals. Based on the above analysis, through the active free radical chain reaction theory, the nature of inhibitory effect for gas explosion was discussed and reduced in respects as material nanocrystallization, equivalent principle of free radicals and atomicity with the same number of outer electron, etc.
These results from suppressing explosion experiments and analyzing roles for gas explosion suppression provided an important reference and basis for prevention of the mine gas explosion.
引文
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