爆炸现场要素判定专家系统的研究
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摘要
近年来,爆炸刑事案件不断发生。为了适应当前反恐、反黑和反暴力犯罪的需要,本文对爆炸刑事犯罪案件开展爆炸性物质建库工作,并且从爆炸物药量推算、爆炸物种类鉴别等方面开展研究,整合专业知识和专家经验,最终将计算机智能化技术引入到爆炸相关要素快速判定上,形成爆炸现场要素判定专家系统。
本文的具体工作是对爆炸作用理论和试验规律、爆炸现场的爆炸痕迹勘验和残留物快速检验等方面展开研究,并且对爆炸物和标志物的相关数据和信息展开收集,建立起凝聚相炸药的药量推算和种类判定模型。在此基础上构建专家系统的数据库、知识库和推理机,再通过面向对象的Visual Basic语言形成爆炸现场要素判定专家系统的应用程序,实现对爆炸案件中爆炸物种类、药量等要素的快速判定。
在爆炸现场要素判定专家系统中,知识库采用的是产生式规则和面向对象的表示方法,其具体表现为爆炸刑侦领域专业知识所产生的一系列“规则”。数据库采用的是状态空间表示形式,其具体内容是推理过程中所需要的一系列参数、条件等。推理机方面则采用似然推理与逻辑推理相结合的策略,在实际的操作过程中,它是通过程序引导、公式算法和检索机制相结合的方式得以实现的。
In recent years, the criminal case with explosion happened ceaselessly. In order to prevent violent crime, it is necessary to create database for explosives which were used in explosive case. The calculation of charge and identification of category for explosion must be studied, while integrating professional knowledge and experience of expert, finally to establish the factor judgment expert system on explosive case by the form of intelligent technology.
In this paper, the specific work is studied on the law of explosive theory and the inspection of imprint and residue on explosion. It is useful to collect the data of explosives and marker and then build the model of charge-calculating and category-judging for explosives. In detail, it is necessary to build the database, knowledge base and inference engine of expert system and implement it with software by VB language. This software can be used to calculate explosive charge and judge explosive category for explosive case.
In this expert system, knowledge base is established by the method of produced rule and object oriented representation. It is shown as professional knowledge of the explosion field which is generated by a series of rules. The database is established by the method of state space, it includes the data and conditions of expert system. Inference engine uses the strategy of reasoning combining between likelihood inference and logical inference. In the actual operation of the process, it is shown as the combining of program guiding, formula method and retrieval mechanism.
本文的具体工作是对爆炸作用理论和试验规律、爆炸现场的爆炸痕迹勘验和残留物快速检验等方面展开研究,并且对爆炸物和标志物的相关数据和信息展开收集,建立起凝聚相炸药的药量推算和种类判定模型。在此基础上构建专家系统的数据库、知识库和推理机,再通过面向对象的Visual Basic语言形成爆炸现场要素判定专家系统的应用程序,实现对爆炸案件中爆炸物种类、药量等要素的快速判定。
在爆炸现场要素判定专家系统中,知识库采用的是产生式规则和面向对象的表示方法,其具体表现为爆炸刑侦领域专业知识所产生的一系列“规则”。数据库采用的是状态空间表示形式,其具体内容是推理过程中所需要的一系列参数、条件等。推理机方面则采用似然推理与逻辑推理相结合的策略,在实际的操作过程中,它是通过程序引导、公式算法和检索机制相结合的方式得以实现的。
In recent years, the criminal case with explosion happened ceaselessly. In order to prevent violent crime, it is necessary to create database for explosives which were used in explosive case. The calculation of charge and identification of category for explosion must be studied, while integrating professional knowledge and experience of expert, finally to establish the factor judgment expert system on explosive case by the form of intelligent technology.
In this paper, the specific work is studied on the law of explosive theory and the inspection of imprint and residue on explosion. It is useful to collect the data of explosives and marker and then build the model of charge-calculating and category-judging for explosives. In detail, it is necessary to build the database, knowledge base and inference engine of expert system and implement it with software by VB language. This software can be used to calculate explosive charge and judge explosive category for explosive case.
In this expert system, knowledge base is established by the method of produced rule and object oriented representation. It is shown as professional knowledge of the explosion field which is generated by a series of rules. The database is established by the method of state space, it includes the data and conditions of expert system. Inference engine uses the strategy of reasoning combining between likelihood inference and logical inference. In the actual operation of the process, it is shown as the combining of program guiding, formula method and retrieval mechanism.
引文
1.刘颖.人员密集公共建筑灾害初探[D].重庆：重庆大学,2006
2.张彦春.爆炸现场痕迹物证的综合运用[J].山西警官高等专科学校学报,2003,11：23-24
3.母晓科,蹇滔,李新科.浅析人工智能与专家系统[J].电脑知识与技术,2009(07)：1669-1670
4. Giovanni Mimmi, Paolo Pennaeehi. Diagnostic expert system improvement for a metering pump[J]. Engineering failure analysis,2001(3):1-13
5. Malaureille.p. Expert system for the diagnosis of mechanical failure[J]. Second international expert system,1986(5):239-246
6. Rawicz. Diagnostic expert system for mechanical reliability in heavy trucks[J]. Journal of materials science and technology,1992:426-431
7. Siang Kok Sim. A knowledge-based expert system for rolling-element bearing selection in mechanical engineering design[J]. Artificial intelligence in engineering,1991:125-135
8.李闯,常锐.基于人工智能原理的考试系统[J].长春工业大学学报,2009(01)：64-67
9.毕学工,杭迎秋,李听等.专家系统综述[J].软什导刊,2008(12)：7-9
10.魏鲁原,崔霞.专家系统在变压器故障诊断中的应用[J].徐州：徐州工程学院学报,2007(6)：17-20
11.周晓东.信息时代的计算机人工智能[J].硅谷,2010(1)：25-28
12.罗锦,孟晨,苏振中.基于关系型数据库的故障诊断专家系统设计[J].电测与仪表,2002(7)：38-39,60
13. PMichael Fisher, PWillem Visser, PMichael Wooldridge. Verifying multi-agent programs by model checking[J]. Autonomous agents and multi-agent systems,2006(2):19-22
14. Katsutoshi Hirayama. The distributed breakout algorithms[C]. Artificial intelligence,2005 (1):223-225
15. Lih-Wei Lei, William D. Evaluation of computer-assisted instruction in histology [D]. University of Washington,2004
16. PMichael T. Meta-cognition in computation:a selected research review [J]. Artificial intelligence,2005(2):77-80
17.吴伟民,舒勤.基于关系数据库表示产生式规则[J].四川联合大学学报(工程科学版),1998,2(6)：88-95
18.雷晓辉.专家系统研究综述[J].科教文汇,2006(03)：54-55
19.荣冈,刘进锋,顾海杰.数据库中动态关联规则的挖掘[J].控制理论与麻刚,2007(01)： 127-131
20.王亚南.专家系统中推理机制的研究与应用[D].武汉：武汉理工大学,2006
21. H.Kouchuttan. Development of a fuzzy expert system for power quality applications [J]. The engineering review,1997,20(1):239-243
22. Wen-Hui Chen, Men-Shen Tsai, Chi-Wen Liu. Fuzzy rule-based method in fault identification[A]. Budapest,2001
23. LOKL, NGHS, Trecat J. Power systems fault diagnosis using Petri-nets [J]. Proceedings-Generations, Transmissions and Distributions,1997,144(5):231-236
24.蔡瑞英,李长河.人工智能[M].武汉：武汉理工大学出版社,2003：122-190,202-203
25.许彦峰,孙汉旭.人工智能住机器人领域的开发应用[J].机电产品开发与创新,2004(01)：4-6
26. E.Rich. Artificial Intelligence[M]. McGraw-Hill,1983
27. E.C.Payne, R.C.McArthur. Developing Expert Systems[M]. New York,1990
28.郑丽敏.人工智能与专家系统原理及其应用[M].北京：中国农业大学出版社,2004
29.舒思齐.框架结构建筑物控制爆破拆除专家系统[D].武汉：武汉科技大学,2002
30.许丽婷.智能故障诊断专家系统体系结构的研究[D].西安：西安建筑科技大学,2006
31.杜洁.基于故障树技术的铁路信号设备故障诊断专家系统的实现方法研究[D].北京：北京交通大学,2009
32.胡毅亭等.火炸药企业重大事故隐患危险性评估的计算机自学习实现.中国安全科学学报,1999(6)：35-40
33.李翼祺,马素贞.爆炸力学[M].科学出版社,1992
34.张守中.爆炸基本原理[M].北京：国防工业出版社,1988
35.李铮.空气冲击波作用下的安全距离[J].爆炸与冲击,1984,4(2)：40-52
36. Wang Hai-fu. Weakening effect of porous material to blast load[D]. Beijing:Beijing Institute of Technology,1997
37.王新建.爆炸装置杀伤作用与人员护研究[J].北京人民警察学院学报,2005：17-22
38.杨东来.燃料空气炸药武器对人员毁伤的研究[J].含能材料,2002(3)：117-120
39.宇德明,冯长根等.炸药爆炸事故冲击波、热辐射和房屋倒塌的伤害效应[J].兵工学报,1998,19(1)：33-37
40.李国安.爆炸痕迹勘验[M].沈阳：沈阳出版社,1991
41.钱七虎等.反爆炸恐怖安全对策[M].北京：科学出版社,2005
42.公安部政治部编.爆炸犯罪对策教程[M].北京：中国人民公安大学出版社,1997
43.詹益全.爆炸案件现场的勘查和残留物的检验[M].北京：群众出版社,1985
44.GB6722-2003.爆破安全规程[S].2005,44
45.田保中等.爆炸案件现场勘查和爆炸装置技术[M].公安部物证鉴定中心,1999
46.周春光.一种基于模糊加权型推理法的模糊神经网络[J].IEEE,2005
47.宋小安.模拟电路的故障诊断的专家系统法与神经网络法的研究[D].南京：河海大学,2005
48. Aygen Z E, Seker S, Bagriyanik M, et al. Fault section estimation in electrical power systems using artificial neural network approach[J]. IEEE transmission and distribution conference, New Orleans(LA),1999
49.李雷..基于产生式规则的变压器故障诊断系统[D].西安：西安电子科技大学,2008
50.高一波.一种基丁概念的知识表达体系[J].微电子学与计算机,2004(09)：71-74
51.尚涛,陶金.基于产生式规则的建筑环境评价系统[J].武汉大学学报(工学版),2010,43(6)：810-811
52.盛颂恩,劳佳锋等.基于粗集理论的故障规则自动获取系统的研究[D].浙江：浙江工业大学,2004
53.内部资料.火炸药手册,第一分册,单质炸药和混合炸药.西安：204研究所,1987
54.陈秀兰.烟火药[M].北京：国防工业出版社,1982
55.钟一鹏,胡雅达等.国外火炸药性能手册[M].北京：兵器工业出版社,1990
56.内部资料.火炸药手册,第三分册,火炸药分析和测试.西安：204研究所,1987
57.兵器204研究所.火炸药手册.西安：204研究所,1987
58.杨灿儒,孙海洪,熊范纶.利川标准SQL夯淘挖掘多值型关联规则及其评价[J].计算机研究与发展,2002(03)：307-312
59. Robert A.Patton, Jennifer Ogle, Travis Laird. Designing SQL Server 2000 database[J]. Syngress,2001(2):189-242
60.孙海宁.基于SQL Server 2000数据库的海上事故管理系统设计[D].大连：大连海事大学,2008
61.刘圣才等.VisualBasic6.0程序设计导学[M].北京：清华大学出版社,2002
2.张彦春.爆炸现场痕迹物证的综合运用[J].山西警官高等专科学校学报,2003,11：23-24
3.母晓科,蹇滔,李新科.浅析人工智能与专家系统[J].电脑知识与技术,2009(07)：1669-1670
4. Giovanni Mimmi, Paolo Pennaeehi. Diagnostic expert system improvement for a metering pump[J]. Engineering failure analysis,2001(3):1-13
5. Malaureille.p. Expert system for the diagnosis of mechanical failure[J]. Second international expert system,1986(5):239-246
6. Rawicz. Diagnostic expert system for mechanical reliability in heavy trucks[J]. Journal of materials science and technology,1992:426-431
7. Siang Kok Sim. A knowledge-based expert system for rolling-element bearing selection in mechanical engineering design[J]. Artificial intelligence in engineering,1991:125-135
8.李闯,常锐.基于人工智能原理的考试系统[J].长春工业大学学报,2009(01)：64-67
9.毕学工,杭迎秋,李听等.专家系统综述[J].软什导刊,2008(12)：7-9
10.魏鲁原,崔霞.专家系统在变压器故障诊断中的应用[J].徐州：徐州工程学院学报,2007(6)：17-20
11.周晓东.信息时代的计算机人工智能[J].硅谷,2010(1)：25-28
12.罗锦,孟晨,苏振中.基于关系型数据库的故障诊断专家系统设计[J].电测与仪表,2002(7)：38-39,60
13. PMichael Fisher, PWillem Visser, PMichael Wooldridge. Verifying multi-agent programs by model checking[J]. Autonomous agents and multi-agent systems,2006(2):19-22
14. Katsutoshi Hirayama. The distributed breakout algorithms[C]. Artificial intelligence,2005 (1):223-225
15. Lih-Wei Lei, William D. Evaluation of computer-assisted instruction in histology [D]. University of Washington,2004
16. PMichael T. Meta-cognition in computation:a selected research review [J]. Artificial intelligence,2005(2):77-80
17.吴伟民,舒勤.基于关系数据库表示产生式规则[J].四川联合大学学报(工程科学版),1998,2(6)：88-95
18.雷晓辉.专家系统研究综述[J].科教文汇,2006(03)：54-55
19.荣冈,刘进锋,顾海杰.数据库中动态关联规则的挖掘[J].控制理论与麻刚,2007(01)： 127-131
20.王亚南.专家系统中推理机制的研究与应用[D].武汉：武汉理工大学,2006
21. H.Kouchuttan. Development of a fuzzy expert system for power quality applications [J]. The engineering review,1997,20(1):239-243
22. Wen-Hui Chen, Men-Shen Tsai, Chi-Wen Liu. Fuzzy rule-based method in fault identification[A]. Budapest,2001
23. LOKL, NGHS, Trecat J. Power systems fault diagnosis using Petri-nets [J]. Proceedings-Generations, Transmissions and Distributions,1997,144(5):231-236
24.蔡瑞英,李长河.人工智能[M].武汉：武汉理工大学出版社,2003：122-190,202-203
25.许彦峰,孙汉旭.人工智能住机器人领域的开发应用[J].机电产品开发与创新,2004(01)：4-6
26. E.Rich. Artificial Intelligence[M]. McGraw-Hill,1983
27. E.C.Payne, R.C.McArthur. Developing Expert Systems[M]. New York,1990
28.郑丽敏.人工智能与专家系统原理及其应用[M].北京：中国农业大学出版社,2004
29.舒思齐.框架结构建筑物控制爆破拆除专家系统[D].武汉：武汉科技大学,2002
30.许丽婷.智能故障诊断专家系统体系结构的研究[D].西安：西安建筑科技大学,2006
31.杜洁.基于故障树技术的铁路信号设备故障诊断专家系统的实现方法研究[D].北京：北京交通大学,2009
32.胡毅亭等.火炸药企业重大事故隐患危险性评估的计算机自学习实现.中国安全科学学报,1999(6)：35-40
33.李翼祺,马素贞.爆炸力学[M].科学出版社,1992
34.张守中.爆炸基本原理[M].北京：国防工业出版社,1988
35.李铮.空气冲击波作用下的安全距离[J].爆炸与冲击,1984,4(2)：40-52
36. Wang Hai-fu. Weakening effect of porous material to blast load[D]. Beijing:Beijing Institute of Technology,1997
37.王新建.爆炸装置杀伤作用与人员护研究[J].北京人民警察学院学报,2005：17-22
38.杨东来.燃料空气炸药武器对人员毁伤的研究[J].含能材料,2002(3)：117-120
39.宇德明,冯长根等.炸药爆炸事故冲击波、热辐射和房屋倒塌的伤害效应[J].兵工学报,1998,19(1)：33-37
40.李国安.爆炸痕迹勘验[M].沈阳：沈阳出版社,1991
41.钱七虎等.反爆炸恐怖安全对策[M].北京：科学出版社,2005
42.公安部政治部编.爆炸犯罪对策教程[M].北京：中国人民公安大学出版社,1997
43.詹益全.爆炸案件现场的勘查和残留物的检验[M].北京：群众出版社,1985
44.GB6722-2003.爆破安全规程[S].2005,44
45.田保中等.爆炸案件现场勘查和爆炸装置技术[M].公安部物证鉴定中心,1999
46.周春光.一种基于模糊加权型推理法的模糊神经网络[J].IEEE,2005
47.宋小安.模拟电路的故障诊断的专家系统法与神经网络法的研究[D].南京：河海大学,2005
48. Aygen Z E, Seker S, Bagriyanik M, et al. Fault section estimation in electrical power systems using artificial neural network approach[J]. IEEE transmission and distribution conference, New Orleans(LA),1999
49.李雷..基于产生式规则的变压器故障诊断系统[D].西安：西安电子科技大学,2008
50.高一波.一种基丁概念的知识表达体系[J].微电子学与计算机,2004(09)：71-74
51.尚涛,陶金.基于产生式规则的建筑环境评价系统[J].武汉大学学报(工学版),2010,43(6)：810-811
52.盛颂恩,劳佳锋等.基于粗集理论的故障规则自动获取系统的研究[D].浙江：浙江工业大学,2004
53.内部资料.火炸药手册,第一分册,单质炸药和混合炸药.西安：204研究所,1987
54.陈秀兰.烟火药[M].北京：国防工业出版社,1982
55.钟一鹏,胡雅达等.国外火炸药性能手册[M].北京：兵器工业出版社,1990
56.内部资料.火炸药手册,第三分册,火炸药分析和测试.西安：204研究所,1987
57.兵器204研究所.火炸药手册.西安：204研究所,1987
58.杨灿儒,孙海洪,熊范纶.利川标准SQL夯淘挖掘多值型关联规则及其评价[J].计算机研究与发展,2002(03)：307-312
59. Robert A.Patton, Jennifer Ogle, Travis Laird. Designing SQL Server 2000 database[J]. Syngress,2001(2):189-242
60.孙海宁.基于SQL Server 2000数据库的海上事故管理系统设计[D].大连：大连海事大学,2008
61.刘圣才等.VisualBasic6.0程序设计导学[M].北京：清华大学出版社,2002