科技成果产业化模式研究
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摘要
世界经济发展的历史揭示了技术创新是推动各国经济发展的根本动力,科技成果产业化是技术创新的关键环节。通过对世界各国科技成果产业化模式的分析,发现世界发达国家均是由于采用了与之技术、经济发展相适应的科技成果产业化模式,提高科技成果成功转化率才走上强国之路的。
论文以技术创新理论为基础,研究了科技成果产业化过程的动力模式。指出技术的推动及市场的拉动是科技成果转化的基本前提,而企业和企业家个人的创新动力直接影响到科技成果产业化的实现。对影响创新动力的因素进行了深入的研究并提出相应的激励机制。提出七种适合中国国情的产业化组织模式,在对不同组织模式的主要特征、适用条件及存在的问题进行研究的基础上,对保障组织模式实施的环境因素建设机制进行了研究。
结合长沙市技术经济发展条件进行了产业化模式应用研究。指出长沙市有农业、矿产等方面的资源优势和与之相对应的大学、国家重点实验室、科研、设计单位等技术优势,有中小企业林立的产业优势,也存在中小企业发展资金相对不足,技术链与产业链脱节,缺乏围绕湖南省经济发展方向而形成的技术创新链及完善的公用研究平台等问题,根据产业化组织模式的适用条件,指出适宜于长沙市经济发展的科技成果产业化模式是政府指导下的企业自主模式,并对成功实现这一模式应采取的对策进行了研究。
The history of the development of world economy reveals that technical innovation is a major power impelling the development of every country's economy as well as scientific and technological achievement industrialization is the critical link in the technical innovation system. It is found by analyzing the modes of scientific and technological achievement industrialization of each country that the reason that the developed countries in the world become great powers is their adopting the modes of scientific and technological achievement industrialization matching with their technological and economic development to promote the successful transformation of scientific and technological achievements.
Based on the theory of technical innovation, the dynamic mode of scientific and technological achievement industrialization is investigated in this paper. It is indicated that technology push and market pull are the basic prerequisite to the transformation of scientific and technological achievements, and that the innovation impetus of an enterprise and an enterpriser himself has a direct effect on the realization of scientific and technological achievement industrialization. The factors affecting the innovation impetus are thoroughly analyzed. A relevant motivation system is put forward. Seven organization modes of industrialization adapted to the situation of China are presented as well. On the basis of the investigations of different industrialization modes for their primary characteristics, applicable conditions and existing problems, the construction mechanism of the environmental factors which can ensure the implementation of the organization modes are studied.
An application research of the industrialization mode is carried out in combination with the technological and economic development conditions in Changsha. It is pointed out that Changsha enjoys resource advantages of agriculture and minerals, technological advantages of universities, state key laboratories and research and design institutes and industrial advantages of a forest of small-medium scale enterprises, but has certain disadvantages such as comparatively inadequate fund for the development of small-medium scale enterprises, divorcement of technological chain from industrial chain, lack of technical innovation chain and complete public research platform aiming at the development of Hunan Province's economy. According to the applicable conditions for the industrialization organization mode it is proposed that the mode of enterprise independence under the government direction is an appropriate industrialization mode for the economic development of Changsha. Measures for realizing the mode are discussed as well.
论文以技术创新理论为基础,研究了科技成果产业化过程的动力模式。指出技术的推动及市场的拉动是科技成果转化的基本前提,而企业和企业家个人的创新动力直接影响到科技成果产业化的实现。对影响创新动力的因素进行了深入的研究并提出相应的激励机制。提出七种适合中国国情的产业化组织模式,在对不同组织模式的主要特征、适用条件及存在的问题进行研究的基础上,对保障组织模式实施的环境因素建设机制进行了研究。
结合长沙市技术经济发展条件进行了产业化模式应用研究。指出长沙市有农业、矿产等方面的资源优势和与之相对应的大学、国家重点实验室、科研、设计单位等技术优势,有中小企业林立的产业优势,也存在中小企业发展资金相对不足,技术链与产业链脱节,缺乏围绕湖南省经济发展方向而形成的技术创新链及完善的公用研究平台等问题,根据产业化组织模式的适用条件,指出适宜于长沙市经济发展的科技成果产业化模式是政府指导下的企业自主模式,并对成功实现这一模式应采取的对策进行了研究。
The history of the development of world economy reveals that technical innovation is a major power impelling the development of every country's economy as well as scientific and technological achievement industrialization is the critical link in the technical innovation system. It is found by analyzing the modes of scientific and technological achievement industrialization of each country that the reason that the developed countries in the world become great powers is their adopting the modes of scientific and technological achievement industrialization matching with their technological and economic development to promote the successful transformation of scientific and technological achievements.
Based on the theory of technical innovation, the dynamic mode of scientific and technological achievement industrialization is investigated in this paper. It is indicated that technology push and market pull are the basic prerequisite to the transformation of scientific and technological achievements, and that the innovation impetus of an enterprise and an enterpriser himself has a direct effect on the realization of scientific and technological achievement industrialization. The factors affecting the innovation impetus are thoroughly analyzed. A relevant motivation system is put forward. Seven organization modes of industrialization adapted to the situation of China are presented as well. On the basis of the investigations of different industrialization modes for their primary characteristics, applicable conditions and existing problems, the construction mechanism of the environmental factors which can ensure the implementation of the organization modes are studied.
An application research of the industrialization mode is carried out in combination with the technological and economic development conditions in Changsha. It is pointed out that Changsha enjoys resource advantages of agriculture and minerals, technological advantages of universities, state key laboratories and research and design institutes and industrial advantages of a forest of small-medium scale enterprises, but has certain disadvantages such as comparatively inadequate fund for the development of small-medium scale enterprises, divorcement of technological chain from industrial chain, lack of technical innovation chain and complete public research platform aiming at the development of Hunan Province's economy. According to the applicable conditions for the industrialization organization mode it is proposed that the mode of enterprise independence under the government direction is an appropriate industrialization mode for the economic development of Changsha. Measures for realizing the mode are discussed as well.
引文
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[30]陈进.基于战略期权视角下的技术联盟价值模型初探.集团经济研究,2007,3:199-200
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[34]杜晓英,吕月英,吴云霞.关于中小企业技术创新的思考.山西科技,2004,6:50-51
[35]李晔,刘芳,侯锦超.中小企业技术创新的优势和动力分析及其对策.中原工学院学报,2004,2:56-63
[36]洪家志,刘临,陆钢.促进成果转化:校企合作模式面面观.中国高校科技与产业化,2006,6:66-67
[37]周元,王海燕.关于我国创新体系研究的几个问题.中国软科学,2006,10:14-19
[38]李国杰.关于技术转移的战略思考.中国高校科技与产业化,2007,5:65-67
[39]黄群.德国2006年科技创新政策综述.科学新闻,2007,2:17-19
[40]林淼,苏竣,张雅娴等.技术链、产业链和技术创新链:理论分析与政策含义.科学与研究,2001,12:28-36
[41]魏明英,罗玉中.基于技术创新的中外R&D税收激励政策研究.河北法学,2007,5:100-104
[42]Serguey Braguinsky,Salavat Gabdrakhmanov,Atsushi Ohyama.A theory of competitive industry dynamics with innovation and imitation.Review of Economic Dynamics,Volume 10,Issue 4,October 2007,Pages 729-760
[43]Thomas Hellmann.The role of patents for bridging the science to market gap.Journal of Economic Behavior & Organization,Vol.63(2007)624-647
[44]Yuichi Furukawa.The protection of intellectual property rights and endogenous growth Is stronger always better.Journal of Economic Dynamics &Control 31(2007)3644-3670
[45]赵玉林,魏芳.高技术产业发展对经济增长带动作用的实证分析.数量经济技术经济研究,2006,6:44-54
[46]何郁冰.企业技术创新的系统观与全面观.技术经济,2007,4:30-32,58
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[58]赵玉林 创新经济学.中国经济出版社 2006,3
[2]刘军民.当前我国自主创新成果产业化的制约因素分析.,时政研究资料,2006,10:9-13
[3]中国社会科学院.我国科技人才创新能力不足的因素.北京社科门户网,http://www.bjpopss.gov.cn/bjpssweb/show.aspx?id=24752&cid=48
[4]于建.建立产学研战略联盟推进大学技术转化.中国高等教育,2006,19:32-34
[5]冯倬琳,赵文华.研究型大学在国家自主技术创新中的作用.清华大学教育研究,2007,4:7-15
[6]万金荣,张庆海.中外科技成果产业化模式的比较研究.学习与探索,2006,3:228-230
[7]刘子玲,吕永波,任锦鸾等.产业共性技术创新复杂性.科研管理.2007,5:9-18
[8]谁来破解“科技城”成果转化难题.科技信息,2005,3:14-15
[9]陈佳琪.技术创新产生模式研究.西北师大学报(社会科学版).2007,5:111-114
[10]张贵,苏志炯.技术创新动力的新发展观分析.生产力研究,2005,1:190-192
[11]张方华.技术创新主体演进模式研究:社会资本观.江苏科技大学学报(社会科学版),2007,3:32-37
[12]杜伟.企业技术创新动力的基本构成分析及现状启示.软科学,2005,4:77-92
[13]刘吉.论创新型企业.中国软科学,2007,2:4-7
[14]王帮俊,周敏.企业家在技术创新动力中的作用分析——个委托一代理理论的视角.科技导报,2007,6:73-76
[15]迟义江.企业技术创新人员激励机制的构建.现代企业教育,2005,10:38
[16]刘力.美国产学研合作模式及成功经验.教育发展研究,2006,4:16-22
[17]邱举良,任中保.国家创新体系的演进之路——美日韩三国技术创新模式案例分析与启示.科学新闻,2007,3:31-36
[18]李毅.日本制造业自主发展过程中的技术创新研究:经济史的启示.经济研究参考,2007,21:29-44
[19]Fidel Perez-Sebastian.Public support to innovation and imitation in a non-scale growth model.Journal of Economic Dynamics and Control,Volume 31,Issue 12,December2007:3791-3821
[20]马春艳,冯中朝.产业技术创新途径的比较及博弈选择.商业时代,2007,13:78-79
[21]高静.重大创新成果通过技术市场转化的基本模式.当代经济,2006,9:50-51
[22]罗赳赳,田新民,康力.企业自主创新模式研究与选择.科技进步与对策,2007,5:104-107
[23]冯德连.研发国际化趋势下我国技术创新模式的选择.财贸经济,2007,4:41-46
[24]德刚,李海静,赵新力.新中国技术引进的历程与成效分析.科学管理与研究,2007,4:12-23
[25]牛虎明.企业创新模式的几个种类.电器工业,2007,3:38-40
[26]陈功玉.企业技术创新行为非线性系统的动力学分析.系统工程,2005,12:74-78
[27]陈柳钦.产业集群技术创新的缄默知识论.贵州师范大学学报(社会科学版),2007,2:62-68
[28]余光胜,毛荐其.技术创新中默会知识转移问题研究.研究与发展管理,2007,4:100-108
[29]陆小成,罗新星.基于技术创新过程的产业集群知识发酵模型研究.科学管理研究,2007,4:61-87
[30]陈进.基于战略期权视角下的技术联盟价值模型初探.集团经济研究,2007,3:199-200
[31]王昕红,崔瑞锋,陆根书等.加强产学研合作,推动企业技术创新——基于企业的视角.高等工程教育研究,2007,2:26-30
[32]张召龙.基于可持续发展的企业技术创新研究.经济界,2007,1:73-75
[33]李平,邢丽娜.企业规模与技术创新关系的实证研究.山东理工大学学报,2007,3::15-18
[34]杜晓英,吕月英,吴云霞.关于中小企业技术创新的思考.山西科技,2004,6:50-51
[35]李晔,刘芳,侯锦超.中小企业技术创新的优势和动力分析及其对策.中原工学院学报,2004,2:56-63
[36]洪家志,刘临,陆钢.促进成果转化:校企合作模式面面观.中国高校科技与产业化,2006,6:66-67
[37]周元,王海燕.关于我国创新体系研究的几个问题.中国软科学,2006,10:14-19
[38]李国杰.关于技术转移的战略思考.中国高校科技与产业化,2007,5:65-67
[39]黄群.德国2006年科技创新政策综述.科学新闻,2007,2:17-19
[40]林淼,苏竣,张雅娴等.技术链、产业链和技术创新链:理论分析与政策含义.科学与研究,2001,12:28-36
[41]魏明英,罗玉中.基于技术创新的中外R&D税收激励政策研究.河北法学,2007,5:100-104
[42]Serguey Braguinsky,Salavat Gabdrakhmanov,Atsushi Ohyama.A theory of competitive industry dynamics with innovation and imitation.Review of Economic Dynamics,Volume 10,Issue 4,October 2007,Pages 729-760
[43]Thomas Hellmann.The role of patents for bridging the science to market gap.Journal of Economic Behavior & Organization,Vol.63(2007)624-647
[44]Yuichi Furukawa.The protection of intellectual property rights and endogenous growth Is stronger always better.Journal of Economic Dynamics &Control 31(2007)3644-3670
[45]赵玉林,魏芳.高技术产业发展对经济增长带动作用的实证分析.数量经济技术经济研究,2006,6:44-54
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