存废两难窘境下我国户籍制度改革研究
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摘要
我国户籍制度从1958年建立至今日益成为社会发展中的热点,批评之声不绝于耳。随着社会主义市场经济的进一步发展,户籍制度在发挥控制人口流动、减少过度城市化现象、维护社会稳定等作用的同时,也越来越突显出一些问题。随着改革开放的深入和全球化浪潮的到来,与计划经济相适应的户籍制度管理方式已经面临着来自各方的质疑的声音。尤其是近些年来,人口要求自由流动,资源需要市场的优化配置,公民的公平、平等意识的觉醒等等,使得户籍制度的改革已经迫在眉睫。
但是单纯对户籍制度的批判无法从根本上解决问题。当前户籍制度有其存在的合理性,但面对着社会正义等的拷问;废除户籍制度去寻求新的人口管理制度可能会遇到新的难题。本文由此入手,运用文献研究法、比较研究法、跨学科研究法、社会调查法等方法,首先,总结了我国当前户籍制度的发展现状以及对一些国家的人口管理方式做了简述和比较;其次,分析户籍制度的存废两难窘境,重点阐述保留户籍制度的合理性以及遇到的三个问题;再次,论述废除户籍制度的合理性以及废除后的人口管理方式的改革路径;最后,引入制度群的概念,不再把改革途径的研究重点集中在具体改革措施的探讨上,而是认为户籍制度的改革与其他相关条件有着密切的关系,并提出一些现在可以做的户籍制度改革的准备工作。本文研究成果不但可以丰富当前户籍制度研究的相关理论,而且采用多学科综合研究的方式,更加客观地分析户籍制度的合理性与不合理性,有助于对户籍制度改革有更加全面的认识,并对改革的实际工作起到一定的推动作用。
Since it is established in 1958, China's current household registration system has increasingly become the focus of social development, and meanwhile the criticism has been reverberant. Along with the further development of social market economy, the household registration system increasingly highlights some problems, such as playing simultaneously a role in controlling population flow, reducing over-urbanization phenomena, maintaining social stability, etc. With the deepening of reform and opening-up and the arrival of the globalization, the management method of household registration system which is adapted to the planned economy faces with the skeptical voices. Especially in recent years, the requests of the population free flow and optimized allocation of marketable resources, and the awakening of fairness and equality awareness make the reform of household registration system imminent.
However, the simple critique of the household registration system cannot fundamentally solve problems. The current household registration system has rationality of its existence. Facing the torture of social justice, it may encounter new problems to abolish the household registration system for seeking the new population management system. The main research methods of this thesis are literature research, comparative research, interdisciplinary research and social investigation method, etc. This thesis firstly summarizes the current development of domestic household registration system and makes a presentation of some population management ways in other countries, and then makes a compare. Secondly, it analyses the dilemma of the household registration system's existence or abolishment, critically focuses on the rationality to reserve the household registration system and three possible problems. Thirdly, it analyses the rationality of abolishing the household registration system and the reform path of the population management mode after abolishment. Finally, by introducing the concept of "institution groups", it refocuses the research from discussing specific reform measures to thinking the notion that the reform of the household registration system has a close relationship with other relevant conditions, and puts forward some reform preparation conditions and proposals. The article's research results can not only enrich the related theories of current household registration system, but also analyses the rationality and the irrationality of the household registration system more objectively. It is helpful to have a more comprehensive understanding of the reform of household registration system, and to some extend, it gives impetus to the actual work of reform of household registration system.
但是单纯对户籍制度的批判无法从根本上解决问题。当前户籍制度有其存在的合理性,但面对着社会正义等的拷问;废除户籍制度去寻求新的人口管理制度可能会遇到新的难题。本文由此入手,运用文献研究法、比较研究法、跨学科研究法、社会调查法等方法,首先,总结了我国当前户籍制度的发展现状以及对一些国家的人口管理方式做了简述和比较;其次,分析户籍制度的存废两难窘境,重点阐述保留户籍制度的合理性以及遇到的三个问题;再次,论述废除户籍制度的合理性以及废除后的人口管理方式的改革路径;最后,引入制度群的概念,不再把改革途径的研究重点集中在具体改革措施的探讨上,而是认为户籍制度的改革与其他相关条件有着密切的关系,并提出一些现在可以做的户籍制度改革的准备工作。本文研究成果不但可以丰富当前户籍制度研究的相关理论,而且采用多学科综合研究的方式,更加客观地分析户籍制度的合理性与不合理性,有助于对户籍制度改革有更加全面的认识,并对改革的实际工作起到一定的推动作用。
Since it is established in 1958, China's current household registration system has increasingly become the focus of social development, and meanwhile the criticism has been reverberant. Along with the further development of social market economy, the household registration system increasingly highlights some problems, such as playing simultaneously a role in controlling population flow, reducing over-urbanization phenomena, maintaining social stability, etc. With the deepening of reform and opening-up and the arrival of the globalization, the management method of household registration system which is adapted to the planned economy faces with the skeptical voices. Especially in recent years, the requests of the population free flow and optimized allocation of marketable resources, and the awakening of fairness and equality awareness make the reform of household registration system imminent.
However, the simple critique of the household registration system cannot fundamentally solve problems. The current household registration system has rationality of its existence. Facing the torture of social justice, it may encounter new problems to abolish the household registration system for seeking the new population management system. The main research methods of this thesis are literature research, comparative research, interdisciplinary research and social investigation method, etc. This thesis firstly summarizes the current development of domestic household registration system and makes a presentation of some population management ways in other countries, and then makes a compare. Secondly, it analyses the dilemma of the household registration system's existence or abolishment, critically focuses on the rationality to reserve the household registration system and three possible problems. Thirdly, it analyses the rationality of abolishing the household registration system and the reform path of the population management mode after abolishment. Finally, by introducing the concept of "institution groups", it refocuses the research from discussing specific reform measures to thinking the notion that the reform of the household registration system has a close relationship with other relevant conditions, and puts forward some reform preparation conditions and proposals. The article's research results can not only enrich the related theories of current household registration system, but also analyses the rationality and the irrationality of the household registration system more objectively. It is helpful to have a more comprehensive understanding of the reform of household registration system, and to some extend, it gives impetus to the actual work of reform of household registration system.
引文
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②叶建亮.公共产品歧视性分配政策与城市人口控制.经济研究,2006,(11):27-36
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①葛笑如.中国二元户籍制度的宏观介析——新制度经济学的视角.湖北社会科学,2003,(9):67-69
②叶建亮.公共产品歧视性分配政策与城市人口控制.经济研究,2006,(11):27-36
③王清.当代中国户籍制度研究:一个基于研究视角的文献综述.湖南师范大学社会科学学报,2009,(1):66-71
④杨占营,吴诚毅.当代中国户籍制度变迁的困境及政策选择.南京人口管理干部学院学报,2003,(4):25-29
①池建宇,杨军雄.中国户籍制度变迁的供求分析——从农村经济改革角度作出的一种解释.经济体制改革,2003,(3):70-73
①吕世辰.国外学术界关于农民流动与社会结构变迁的研究综述.中国农村观察,1998,(3):34-38
②John Torpey.Revolutions and Freedom of Movement:An Analysis of Passport Controls in the French,Russian,and Chinese Revolutions.Theory and Society,1997,26(6):861
①王清.当代中国户籍制度研究:一个基于研究视角的文献综述.湖南师范大学社会科学学报,2009,(1):66-71
①伍先江.当前我国户籍制度改革:认识误区与近期举措.人口与发展,2009,(6):37-41
①张伟.我国现行户籍制度:形成?演变及特征.理论探索,2006,(4):122-124
①白海军.我国户籍制度改革发展现状及对策分析.河北大学学报(哲学社会科学版),2006,(2):51-54
①杜丽红.中国城市流动人口管理问题研究.四川行政学院学报.2008,(1):89-92
①陈钢.我国户籍制度考察——以人权为视角.郑州大学,2007,(5):14-17
①宋昌斌.中国古代户籍制度史稿.西安:三秦出版社,1991:35
①罗尔斯.正义论.北京:中国社会科学出版社,1988:58
②俞可平.西方政治学名著提要.南昌:江西人民出版社,2000:401
③余佳,丁金宏.中国户籍制度的政策效应?改革取向与步骤选择.华东师范大学学报(哲学社会科学版),2010,(4):65-70
①米切尔·罗斯金等.政治科学.6.林震等.北京:华夏出版社,2001:109
②费孝通.乡土中国.北京:人民出版社,2008:91
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