基于结构方程模型的高校教师科研绩效压力与科研诚信影响机制研究
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摘要
科研诚信是高校教师在进行科学研究过程中所要遵循的最基本道德规范,但近些年来国内众多高校都爆出大量科研不端行为,并且已经严重损害到了高校的社会地位和声誉。科研绩效制度及其产生的压力是中国背景下高校教师面对的最主要情景因素,本次研究通过结构方程建模的方式,对来自13所高校的232个样本数据进行分析,探究科研绩效压力对高校教师科研诚信的影响,以及作为个体因素的教师科研自我效能感和成就动机在这个影响中的作用。结构方程模型分析结果显示,科研绩效压力影响教师的科研诚信,自我效能感和科研成就动机也在这个过程中发挥了作用。在此基础上,本次研究从科研绩效管理制度和有助于增强教师诚信的道德环境建设两个角度,提出了有助于促进高校科研诚信建设可行措施。
Research integrity is the basic moral code that scholars must comply when carrying out researches. But there are many research frauds right in the contemporary Chinese colleges and have been serious damage to the social status and reputations of colleges. Research performance pressure is the main situational factors that college teacher face. To explore the mechanism for the effects of performance pressure on college teacher's research integrity, as well as the role of self-efficacy and achievement motivation made in this process, we analyzed 232 samples from 13 colleges based on structure equation modeling. Structural equation modeling analysis showed that performance pressure does affect research integrity, and self-efficacy and achievement motivation also played a role in this process. Based on the result, we proposed some suggestions from the point of research and performance management system and moral environment, which should help to promote the scientific research integrity.
Research integrity is the basic moral code that scholars must comply when carrying out researches. But there are many research frauds right in the contemporary Chinese colleges and have been serious damage to the social status and reputations of colleges. Research performance pressure is the main situational factors that college teacher face. To explore the mechanism for the effects of performance pressure on college teacher's research integrity, as well as the role of self-efficacy and achievement motivation made in this process, we analyzed 232 samples from 13 colleges based on structure equation modeling. Structural equation modeling analysis showed that performance pressure does affect research integrity, and self-efficacy and achievement motivation also played a role in this process. Based on the result, we proposed some suggestions from the point of research and performance management system and moral environment, which should help to promote the scientific research integrity.
引文
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[8]Weaver, G. R., Trevino, L. K., & Cochran, L. P. Integrated and Decoupled Corporate Social Performance: Management Commitments, External Pressures, and Corporate Ethics Practices[J]. The Academy of Management Journal.1999.42(5):539-552.
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[14]Petrick, J. A., Quinn, J. F. The Integrity Capacity Construct and Moral Progress in Business[J]. Journal of Business Ethics.2000.23(1):3-18
[15]Trevino, L. K. The Social Effects of Punishment in Organizations:A Justice Perspective[J]. The Academy of Management Review.1992.17(4):647-676.
[16]McCabe, D. L., Dukerich, J. M., & Dutton, J. Values and Moral Dilemmas:A Cross-Cultural Comparison[J]. Business Ethics Quarterly.1993.3(2):117-130.
[17]Jones, T. M., Ryan, L. V. The Link between Ethical Judgment and Action in Organizations:A Moral Approbation Approach[J]. Organization Science.1997.8(6):663-680.
[18]Bernardi, R. A., Metzger. R. L., Bruno, R. G. S., Hoogkamp, A. W., Reyes, L. E., & Barnaby, G. H. Examining the Decision Process of Students' Cheating Behavior: An Empirical Study[J]. Journal of Business Ethics.2004.50(4):397-414.
[19]Kisamore, J. L., Stone, T. H., & Jawahar, I. M. Academic Integrity: The Relationship between Individual and Situational Factors on Misconduct Contemplations[J]. Journal of Business Ethics. 2007.75:381-394
[20]Scanlan, G. L. Strategies to promote a climate of academic integrity and minimize student cheating and plagiarism Strategies to Promote a Climate of Academic Integrity and Minimize Student Cheating[J]. Journal of Allied Health.2006.35(3):179.
[21]Mason, J. O., Bivens, L. W,. & Davis, B. D.Scientific integrity[J]. Science.1990.247 (4939):144-146.
[22]Thoma, S. J. Moral judgment and moral action[J]. Moral Development in the Professions: Psychology and Applied.1994.199-211.
[23]Robertson, D. C., Ross, W. T. Jr. Decision-making processes on ethical issues:the impact of a social contract perspective[J]. Business Ethics Quarterly.1995.5(2):213-240.
[24]Tenbrunsel, A. E., Messick, D. M.. Sanctioning systems, decision frames, and cooperation. Administrative Science Quarterly.199944:684-707.
[25]Dunfee, T. W. Business ethics and extant social contracts. Business Ethics Quarterly.1991.1(1):23-51.
[26]Elm, D. R., Kennedy, E. J., & Lawton, L. Determinants of moral reasoning: sex role orientation, gender, and academic factors. Business & society.2001.40(3):241-265.
[27]Slomka, J. Review: toward an environment of research integrity. Ethics and Human Research.2003. 25:14.
[28]Nicholls.Motivation In:H. E. Mitzled. Encyclopedia of education research[M]. New York: Macmillian.1982.1256-1263.
[29]唐纳德.肯尼迪.学术责任[M].北京：新华出版社.2002.
[30]斯蒂芬.P.罗宾斯.管理学(第七版)[M].北京：中国人民大学出版社.2004.
[31]威廉.布罗德,尼古拉斯.韦德.背叛真理的人们[M].上海：上海科技教育出版社.2004.
[32]杨玉圣. 学术规范与学术批评[M].河南：河南大学出版社.2005.
[33]山崎茂明.科学家的不端行为—捏造.篡改.剽窃[M].北京：清华大学出版社.2005.
[34]刘明. 学术评价制度批判[M].湖北：长江文艺出版社.2006.
[35]美国医学科学院,美国科学三院国家科研委员会[M]. 科研道德—倡导负责行为[M].北京：北京大学出版社.2007.
[36]冯坚,王英萍,韩正之.科学研究的道德与规范[M].上海：上海交通大学出版社.2007.
[37]维纳.人类动机：比喻、理论和研究[M].杭州：浙江教育出版社.1999.
[38]林嵩.结构方程模型原理及AMOS应用[M].湖北：华中师范大学出版社.2008.
[39]范柏乃,蓝志勇.公共管理研究与定量分析方法[M].北京：科学出版社.2008.
[40]高建江.班杜拉自我效能的形成与发展[J].心理科学.1992.6：59-64.
[41]陈丽君. 损益知觉框架效应下的个体诚信决策行为[J].新政治经济评论,2006.2(2)：5-29.
[42]樊洪业. 科研作为行为及其辨识与防范[J].自然辩证法通讯,1994.16(1)：25-33.
[43]蒋美仕,李玲,杨维. 美国联邦政府关于科研不端行为的政策演变[J].自然辩证法通讯,2008.30(178)：53-57.
[44]张婍,王二平,孙建国. 科研道德和学风问题的现状与管理对策建议[J].科研管理,2009.30(4)：144-153.
[45]骆品亮,陆毅.学术腐败与学术激励[J].科研管理.2003.24(4)：15-21.
[46]李真真.转型中的中国科学：科研不端行为及其诱因分析[J].科研管理.2004.25(3)：137-144.
[47]唐壮,聂培琴.建立并完善道德自律和法律规制互动的科研诚信体系[J].科研管理.2008.29：90-100.
[48]王锋.科学不端行为及其成因剖析[J].科学学研究.2002.20(1)：11-16.
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