高技术产业集群下企业创新模型研究
|
摘要
近年来,随着全球经济以及科技的快速发展,企业面临着严峻的创新压力。知识经济时代中,由大量相互关联的企业及支撑机构在空间集聚形成的产业集群成为区域经济发展的新模式。特别是高技术产业集群,通过独有的组织模式和管理方法在集群企业之间开展广泛、密切的合作,成为生产要素活跃、技术创新显著、人才效应突出的区域经济发展的增长点。由于高技术产业集群在提高企业、地区和国家创新绩效方面所具有的优势而受到各国理论界及政府的高度重视。越来越多的企业通过区域性或网络化的组织与其它企业、知识生产机构共同合作,提高创新能力。这是因为经济发展愈加趋向全球化,同时信息技术的飞速发展使得创新不再是仅存在于企业内部的活动。因此,分析和研究高技术产业集群中企业创新动机、创新行为和创新绩效之间的关系不仅是学术研究的热点问题,对于我国高技术产业集群的发展也具有重要的实践意义。
本研究在对现有文献评述的基础上,以高技术产业集群内的创新动机为研究对象,提出了高技术产业集群下企业“创新动机—知识共享行为—企业绩效”研究模型,并验证了企业创新动机、企业间的知识共享行为以及企业绩效之间的关系。全文围绕创新动机这个核心概念,通过三个步骤来开展研究工作,具体如下：
第一步,开发并验证了高技术产业集群下企业创新动机、知识共享行为和企业绩效的测量量表,其中高技术产业集群下企业创新动机的量表开发是本研究的重点。在文献回顾的基础上,通过深度访谈和开放式问卷调查,收集了软件企业创新动机的相关数据,确定了高技术产业集群下企业创新动机的四个构成维度,即市场需求、竞争压力、制度激励和自我实现动机。在此基础上开发了基于以上四个维度的创新动机测量量表,基于样本数据分析对量表进行了检验,结果显示量表具有良好的有效性和可靠性。依据上述相同方法,开发了高技术产业集群下企业知识共享行为和企业绩效的测量量表,均通过了量表的信度和效度检验。
第二步,探究企业特征对高技术产业集群下企业创新动机及知识共享行为的影响作用。本研究针对高技术企业的企业年龄、企业规模、企业性质及行业类型四个方面分析了其对高技术企业创新动机和知识共享行为的差异性影响。研究表明,不同企业年龄的高技术企业其市场需求动机和制度激励动机有显著差异,其显性知识共享行为和隐性知识共享行为都具有显著差异。不同企业规模的高技术企业其竞争压力动机和制度激励动机有显著差异,其显性知识共享行为和隐性知识共享行为都具有显著差异。不同企业性质的高技术企业其竞争压力动机有显著差异,其显性知识共享行为和隐性知识共享行为差异均不显著。不同行业类型的高技术企业其市场需求动机有显著差异,其显性知识共享行为差异不显著,其隐性知识共享行为具有显著差异。
第三步,构建高技术产业集群下企业“创新动机—知识共享行为—企业绩效”研究模型,并验证了知识共享行为的中介效应。基于动机行为理论和相关理论研究,构建了以四个创新动机构成维度(市场需求、竞争压力、制度激励和自我实现动机)为前因变量,两个知识共享行为维度(隐性知识共享和显性知识共享)为中介变量的企业绩效提升的研究模型。研究结果表明知识共享行为在市场需求和制度激励动机与企业绩效关系中起着部分中介效应的作用。
本研究分析了高技术产业集群环境下企业的创新动机、知识共享行为及企业绩效之间的影响,进一步从企业微观的角度揭示了产业集群的发展机理,希望能够在宏观层面上为高新技术产业集群的政策制定提供理论依据,在微观层面上为企业的创新行为提供行动指南,为企业创新战略的制定和实施提供指导。
The global economics and technologies develop so rapidly that enterprises have to take more and more challenges in innovation nowadays. In the new time of knowledge economy, the industry clusters, which are the agglomeration of a lot of relative enterprises and supporting institutions, are formed as the new way to develop the regional economy. Especially the high-tech industry clusters have become the most successful models to make production elements, technology innovation and human resourcing more efficient in regional economy development. The cooperation among the high-tech enterprises is tight and extensive because of their unique institutional structure and management which are quite different from traditional enterprises. Such kind of advantages of the high-tech industry clusters has drawn high attentions of both governments and research institutions. More and more enterprises improve their innovation ability through cooperation with others. It is recognized that the innovation is a kind of collective actions, and the social networks, the collaborations, and the mutual studies among enterprises all have positive effects on innovation. Therefore, it is a popular focus for theorists to analyze how motivation and behavior patterns of innovation help improve high-technology enterprises'organization performance. These research achievements can also play a very important role in helping practitioners in China's high-tech industry clusters to build up competitive advantages in the changeable markets.
This dissertation takes the innovation motivations of enterprises in high technology industry clusters as the research objects, builds a research model of "innovation-knowledge sharing-organizational performance of high technology industry clusters" and verifies the effectiveness of the model. This research is conducted in three procedures as below:
1. Develop and verify a scale for innovation motivation of high technology industry clusters.
This study uses open-questionnaire to survey innovation motivations of high-tech industry clusters after literature review and interviewing some experts. Through collecting data and data analysis, we define market demand, competition pressure, self-actualization and policy acquisition as four key factors that impact high-tech enterprises' innovation motivations. And the study also explores a questionnaire including the four factors of innovation motivation after analyzing the sample data. The result shows that the measure scale has the reliability and validity.
2. Explore how the enterprise characters impact the innovative motivations and knowledge sharing behaviors of the enterprises in high technology industries. This research analyzes how size, age, nature and industry impact the innovation motivations and knowledge sharing behaviors of the enterprises differently. The empirical research shows that age has obvious effects both on motivations of market demand and policy acquisition and on knowledge sharing behaviors, size has obvious effects both on the motivations of competition pressure and policy acquisition and on knowledge sharing behaviors, nature has obvious effects on the motivation of competition pressure but no obvious effects on knowledge sharing behaviors, industry has obvious effects both on the motivation of market demand and on the indirect knowledge sharing behaviors but no obvious effects on direct knowledge sharing behaviors.
3. Propose and verify the model of innovation motivation-knowledge sharing behaviors-organizational performance.
Based on the related theoretical researches we build and test an organizational performance improvement model which takes four kinds of innovation motivations (market demand, competition pressures, self-actualization and policy acquisition) as dependent factors and take two kinds of knowledge sharing behaviors as mediator factors. The research shows that the knowledge sharing behavior works as the mediator of market needs, innovation motivations and organizational performances.
Hopefully the dissertation can work as guidance for the government to make policies on high-tech industry clusters, and meanwhile it could also help the high-tech enterprises to improve their innovation practices.
本研究在对现有文献评述的基础上,以高技术产业集群内的创新动机为研究对象,提出了高技术产业集群下企业“创新动机—知识共享行为—企业绩效”研究模型,并验证了企业创新动机、企业间的知识共享行为以及企业绩效之间的关系。全文围绕创新动机这个核心概念,通过三个步骤来开展研究工作,具体如下：
第一步,开发并验证了高技术产业集群下企业创新动机、知识共享行为和企业绩效的测量量表,其中高技术产业集群下企业创新动机的量表开发是本研究的重点。在文献回顾的基础上,通过深度访谈和开放式问卷调查,收集了软件企业创新动机的相关数据,确定了高技术产业集群下企业创新动机的四个构成维度,即市场需求、竞争压力、制度激励和自我实现动机。在此基础上开发了基于以上四个维度的创新动机测量量表,基于样本数据分析对量表进行了检验,结果显示量表具有良好的有效性和可靠性。依据上述相同方法,开发了高技术产业集群下企业知识共享行为和企业绩效的测量量表,均通过了量表的信度和效度检验。
第二步,探究企业特征对高技术产业集群下企业创新动机及知识共享行为的影响作用。本研究针对高技术企业的企业年龄、企业规模、企业性质及行业类型四个方面分析了其对高技术企业创新动机和知识共享行为的差异性影响。研究表明,不同企业年龄的高技术企业其市场需求动机和制度激励动机有显著差异,其显性知识共享行为和隐性知识共享行为都具有显著差异。不同企业规模的高技术企业其竞争压力动机和制度激励动机有显著差异,其显性知识共享行为和隐性知识共享行为都具有显著差异。不同企业性质的高技术企业其竞争压力动机有显著差异,其显性知识共享行为和隐性知识共享行为差异均不显著。不同行业类型的高技术企业其市场需求动机有显著差异,其显性知识共享行为差异不显著,其隐性知识共享行为具有显著差异。
第三步,构建高技术产业集群下企业“创新动机—知识共享行为—企业绩效”研究模型,并验证了知识共享行为的中介效应。基于动机行为理论和相关理论研究,构建了以四个创新动机构成维度(市场需求、竞争压力、制度激励和自我实现动机)为前因变量,两个知识共享行为维度(隐性知识共享和显性知识共享)为中介变量的企业绩效提升的研究模型。研究结果表明知识共享行为在市场需求和制度激励动机与企业绩效关系中起着部分中介效应的作用。
本研究分析了高技术产业集群环境下企业的创新动机、知识共享行为及企业绩效之间的影响,进一步从企业微观的角度揭示了产业集群的发展机理,希望能够在宏观层面上为高新技术产业集群的政策制定提供理论依据,在微观层面上为企业的创新行为提供行动指南,为企业创新战略的制定和实施提供指导。
The global economics and technologies develop so rapidly that enterprises have to take more and more challenges in innovation nowadays. In the new time of knowledge economy, the industry clusters, which are the agglomeration of a lot of relative enterprises and supporting institutions, are formed as the new way to develop the regional economy. Especially the high-tech industry clusters have become the most successful models to make production elements, technology innovation and human resourcing more efficient in regional economy development. The cooperation among the high-tech enterprises is tight and extensive because of their unique institutional structure and management which are quite different from traditional enterprises. Such kind of advantages of the high-tech industry clusters has drawn high attentions of both governments and research institutions. More and more enterprises improve their innovation ability through cooperation with others. It is recognized that the innovation is a kind of collective actions, and the social networks, the collaborations, and the mutual studies among enterprises all have positive effects on innovation. Therefore, it is a popular focus for theorists to analyze how motivation and behavior patterns of innovation help improve high-technology enterprises'organization performance. These research achievements can also play a very important role in helping practitioners in China's high-tech industry clusters to build up competitive advantages in the changeable markets.
This dissertation takes the innovation motivations of enterprises in high technology industry clusters as the research objects, builds a research model of "innovation-knowledge sharing-organizational performance of high technology industry clusters" and verifies the effectiveness of the model. This research is conducted in three procedures as below:
1. Develop and verify a scale for innovation motivation of high technology industry clusters.
This study uses open-questionnaire to survey innovation motivations of high-tech industry clusters after literature review and interviewing some experts. Through collecting data and data analysis, we define market demand, competition pressure, self-actualization and policy acquisition as four key factors that impact high-tech enterprises' innovation motivations. And the study also explores a questionnaire including the four factors of innovation motivation after analyzing the sample data. The result shows that the measure scale has the reliability and validity.
2. Explore how the enterprise characters impact the innovative motivations and knowledge sharing behaviors of the enterprises in high technology industries. This research analyzes how size, age, nature and industry impact the innovation motivations and knowledge sharing behaviors of the enterprises differently. The empirical research shows that age has obvious effects both on motivations of market demand and policy acquisition and on knowledge sharing behaviors, size has obvious effects both on the motivations of competition pressure and policy acquisition and on knowledge sharing behaviors, nature has obvious effects on the motivation of competition pressure but no obvious effects on knowledge sharing behaviors, industry has obvious effects both on the motivation of market demand and on the indirect knowledge sharing behaviors but no obvious effects on direct knowledge sharing behaviors.
3. Propose and verify the model of innovation motivation-knowledge sharing behaviors-organizational performance.
Based on the related theoretical researches we build and test an organizational performance improvement model which takes four kinds of innovation motivations (market demand, competition pressures, self-actualization and policy acquisition) as dependent factors and take two kinds of knowledge sharing behaviors as mediator factors. The research shows that the knowledge sharing behavior works as the mediator of market needs, innovation motivations and organizational performances.
Hopefully the dissertation can work as guidance for the government to make policies on high-tech industry clusters, and meanwhile it could also help the high-tech enterprises to improve their innovation practices.
引文
[1]Belussi F, Sammarra A, Sedita S. R. Learning at the boundaries in an " Open Regional Innovation System":A focus on firms' innovation strategies in the Emilia Romagna life science industry [J]. Research Policy,2010,39 (6):710-721.
[2]MARSHALL A. Principles of economics [M].London:Macmillan,1920:120-135.
[3]Giuliani E. The selective nature of knowledge networks in clusters:evidence from the wine industry [J]. Journal of Economic Geography,2007,7(2):139-168.
[4]Bell, G. G. Clusters, networks, and firm innovativeness [J]. Strategic management Journal, 2005,26(3):287-295.
[5]Altenburg T,Schmitz H, StIMm. A. Breakthrough? China's and India's transition from production to innovation [J]. World Development,2008,36 (2):325-344.
[6]Chaminade C, Vang J. Globalisation of knowledge production and regional innovation policy: Supporting specialized hubs in the Bangalore software industry [J]. Research Policy.2008,37 10):1684-1696.
[7]Caniels, M. C. J, Romijn, H. A.What drives innovativeness in industrial clusters? Transcending the debate [J]. Cambridge Journal of Economics,2005,29(4):497-515.
[8]Morosini.P.Industrial Clusters,Knowledge Integration and performance [J].World Delopment,2004,32(2):305-326
[9]Luo, Y. D. Are joint venture partners more opportunistic in a more volatile environment? [J].Strategic Management Journal,2007,28 (1):39-60.
[10]Mesquita, L.F, Thomas, J.A, Brush, H. Comparing the resource-based and relational views: knowledge transfer and spillover in vertical alliances [J]. Strategic Management Journal,2008,29 (9): 913-941.
[11]Dan Dimancescu, Ray Stata, James Botkin. Global Stakes:The Future of High Technology in America. Penguin Group (USA) Incorporated,1984.
[12]马斯洛.动机与人格[M].西安：陕西师范大学出版社,2010.
[13]赫伯特A.西蒙.管理行为[M].北京：机械工业出版社,2004.
[14]熊彼特.经济发展理论[M].北京：商务印书馆,1990.
[15]Wolfe,R.A.Organizational Innovation:Review,Critique and Suggested Research Directions [J].Journal of Management Studies,1994,31 (3):405-430.
[16]Kimberly,J.R.M.J.Evanisko.Organizational Innovation:The Influence of Individual, Organizational, and Contextual Factors on Hospital Adoption of Technological and Administrative Innovation [J].Academy of Management Journal,1981(24):689-713.
[17]Rogers,E.M.Diffusion of Innovations [M].Free Press,New York,2003.
[18]Walker Richard M. Inn ovation Type and Diffusion:An Empirical Analysis of Local Government [J].Public Administration,2006(2):311-335.
[19]Grant,R.M., Baden,Fuller, C.A Knowledge Accessing Theory of Strategic Alliances [J].Journal of Management Studies.2004,41 (1):61-84.
[20]Kogut,B.,Zander,U.Knowledge and the Speed of the Transfer and Imitation of organizational Capabilities:An Empirical Test [J].Organization Science,1995,5(1):76-92.
[21]Spender,J.C.Making knowledge the basis for a dynamic view of the firm [J].Strategic Management Journal 1996,17:45-62.
[22]D B Audretsch. Innovation in Large and Small Firms:An Empirical Analysis [J].International Library of Critical Writings in Economics,1996,1(61):393-405.
[23]Cohen W.M,Levinthal D.A.Absorptive capacity a new perspective on learning and innovation [J].Administrative Science Quarterly,2000,35(1):128-152.
[24]Bustamante, M.A.Linking proOPties of knowledge and knowledge network topology with performance [D].The Graduate College at the University of Nebraska,2007.
[25]Audretsch D.Feldman M. Knowledge spillovers and the geography of innovation and production [J]. American Economic Review,1996,86(3):630-640.
[26]Courtney, J.Decsion making and knowledge management in inquiring organizations:toward a new decision-making paradigm for DSS [J].Decision Support Systems,2001,31:17-38.
[27]Nissen, M.E.Dynamic knowledge patterns to inform design:A field study of knowledge stocks and flows in an extreme organization [J]. Journal of Management Information Systems 2005,22(3):225-263.
[28]Ouimet, M.Landry, R.amara, N.Network positions and radical innovation:a social network analysis of the Quebec optics/photonics cluster [C].DRUID Summer Conference in Elsinore, Denmark,2004.
[29]Cohen, W.M., Levinthal, D.A.Innovation and learning:The two faces of R&D [J].Economic Journal, 1989,99:569-596.
[30]J Schmookler. Review of Invention and Economic Growth [J].The Economic Journal,1968, 78(309):135-136.
[31]David C Mowery, Nathan Rosenberg. Paths of Innovation [M].New York:Cambridge University Press,1998.
[32]J A Schumpeter. History of economic analysis [M].New York:Oxford University Press,1954.
[33]王海山.技术创新动力机制的理论模式[J].科学技术与辩证法.1992,9(06)：22-27.
[34]李垣,汪应洛.企业技术创新动力机制构成要素的探讨[J].科学管理研究.1994(04)：43-45.
[35]安立仁,张建申.企业技术创新的动力分析[J].西北大学学报(自然科学版).1995,25(2)：171-175.
[36]魏江.完善企业技术创新动力机制的对策研究[J].科学管理研究,1998(6)：1-3.
[37]张钢.企业技术创新的动力源与信息源[J].科研管理.1998,19(4)：27-31.
[38]徐维祥.企业技术创新动力系统研究[J].数量经济技术经济研究,2002(1)：70-73.
[39]许小东.技术创新内驱动力机制模式研究[J].数量经济技术经济研究,2002(3)：76-78.
[40]冯晓莉.提高国家创新体系效率的相关建议[J].商业研究,2002(3)：81-82.
[41]王娜.高新技术企业自主创新的动力机制研究[J].企业科技与发展,2009(10)：4-6
[42]厉怒江.关于技术创新动力理论的研究[J].科学管理研究,1993(11)：67-70.
[43]陈巧玲.创新主体的创新动力问题探析[J].广西社会科学,2007(06)：20-23.
[44]谢薇.技术创新动力机制的E-E模式[J]；软科学,1997(01)：21-23.
[45]许箫迪,王子龙,谭清美.论企业文化与技术创新的互动关系[J].软科学,2002(5)：93一95.
[46]李猛.供求均衡视角下的我国企业技术创新动力研究[J].华东经济管理,2006(10)：25-27,31.
[47]王少君,尚欣欣.基于产业集群下企业技术创新动力机制的研究[J].滨州职业学院学报，,2007(02)：74-76.
[48]傅家骥.技术创新学[M].北京：清华大学出版社,2011.
[49]Michael E. Porter. The competitive advantage of nations [M]. New York,Free Press,1990:220-247.
[50]王缉慈,童听.简论我国地方企业集群的研究意义[J].经济地理,2001(5)：550-553.
[51]金样荣,朱希伟.专业化产业区的起源与演化[J].经济研究,2002(8)：74-82.
[52]Piore, M.J, C.F.Sabel. The Second Industrial Divide:Possibilities for Prosperity [M]. Basic Books: New York,1984.
[53]David Dreyfus.Industry Cohesion&Knowledge Sharing:Network based Absorptive Capacity. Working paper series,2005.
[54]Scott, Storper. Pathways to Industrialization and Regional Development. Tylor&Fraeclr Group,1992: 3-20.
[55]仇保兴.小企业集群研究.[M].上海：复旦大学出版社,1999.
[56]Asheim B.T,Isaksen A.Regional Innovation Systems:The Integration of Local'Sticky'and Global 'Ubiquitous'Knowledge [J]. Journal of Technology Transfer,2002.
[57]Gunnarsson.J,Wallin,T. An evolutionary approach to Regional innovation systems of innovation,2007.
[58]Lynn Mytelka & Fulvia Farinelli.Local Clusters, Innovation Systems and Sustained Competitiveness. [M].2000.
[59]Saxenian,A.1994.Regional Advantage:Culture and Competition in Silicon Valley and Route 128. Harvard University Press,Cambridge,MA.
[60]Manuel Castells,Peter Geoffrey Hall.Technopoles of the world:the making of twenty-first-century industrial complexes [M]. London Routledge,1994:22-26.
[61]Larsen K.,Rogers M.Silicon Valley,the rise and falling off of entrepreneurial fever [M]. Massachusetts:Ballinger,1988:31-37.
[62]吴敬琏.中国怎样才能有自己的硅谷[J].经贸导报,2001(9)：11-17.
[63]徐康宁.中国硅谷产生的条件与途径[J].中国软科学,2000(6)：101-106.
[64]蒋春燕,赵吾明.拷贝硅谷能否成为中国高科技园区的发展之途[J].生产力研究,2001(1)：107-113.
[65]张剑文,克隆硅谷[J].中国中小企业,1999(3)：101-106.
[66]钱颖一.硅谷不是计划出来的[J].开放导报,1999(10)：7-11.
[67]蔡宁,杨闩柱.企业集群竞争优势的演进：从“聚集经济”到“创新网络”[J].科研管理,2004,25(4).
[68]朱秀梅.高技术产业集群创新路径与机理实证研究[J].中国工业经济,2008,2(2)：66-75.
[69]谢洪明,王成,吴隆增.知识整合、组织创新与组织绩效：华南地区企业的实证研究[J].管理学报,2006,3(5)：600-606,621.
[70]李平,梁俊启.高技术产业集群技术创新文献综述[J].科技进步与对策,2008,25(3)：193-196.
[71]刘兰剑,司春林.创新网络17年研究文献述评[J].研究与发展管理,2009,21(4)：68-77.
[72]Hakansson h. Industrial Technological Development: A Network Approach [M]. London:Croom Helm,1987.
[73]ARGYRIS C,SCHON D.Organizational learning:A theory of action perspective [M].1978, Addison-Wesley;MA.
[74]Breschi,S.,Malerba,F.Clusters,networks and innovation[M].Oxford:Oxford University Press,2005.
[75]Cooke,P.Regional innovation systems,clusters and the knowledge economy [J].Industrial and Corporate Change,2001(10):945-974.
[76]Fallah M.H.Ibrahim S.Knowledge Spillover and Innovation in Technological Clusters,IAMOT 2004 Conference,Washington,D.C:2004,3-5.
[77]李寒蕾,孙文.谈产业集群网络、知识整合能力对企业创新绩效的影响.商业时代,2011,20.
[78]Chin Wei Chong, Siong Choy Chong, Geok Chew Gan. Inter-organizational knowledge transfer needs among small and medium enterprises [J]. Library Review,2010,60 (1):37-52.
[79]Jose'Antonio Belso-Martinez, F. Xavier Molina-Morales Clustering. Internal resources:moderation and mediation effects [J]. Journal of knowledge management,2011,(15) 5.
[80]Nada Rejeb-Khachlouf.Bertrand Quelin.personal networks and knowledge transfer in inter-organizational networks [J]. International Journal of Productivity and Performance Management 2011,60(2).
[81]Helena Forsman. Improving innovation capabilities of small enterprises:cluster strategy as a tool [J].International Journal of Innovation Management,2009,13(2):221-243.
[82]Deci, E. L, Eghrari, H, Patrick, B. C, et al. Facilitating internalization:The self-determination theory perspective [J]. Journal of Personality,1994(62):119-142.
[83]Deci, E. L.,& Ryan, R. M. The "what" and "why" of goal pursuits:Human needs and the self determination of behavior. Psychological Inquiry,2000,11 (4):227-268
[84]甫永民.农业税免除后村干部职务行为重心转变的实证研究[J].北工业大学学报(社科版)，2008(1)：112-117.
[85]王艳子,罗瑾琏.目标取向对员工创新行为的影响研究——基于知识共享的中介效应[J].科学学与科学技术管理,2011,32(5)：164-170.
[86]冯旭,鲁若愚,彭蕾.服务企业员工个人创新行为与工作动机、自我效能感关系研究[J].研究与发展管理,2009,21(3)：43-49.
[87]常静.百度百科用户参与行为与参与动机关系的实证研究[J].科学学研究2009,27(8)：1213-121
[88]张爽,乔坤,汪克夷.知识共享及其影响因素的实证研究.情报理论与实践,2008,31(4)：502-506
[89]靳卫东,高波.企业家精神与经济增长：企业家创新行为的经济学分析经济评论[J].2008(5)：113-121.
[90]王伟.中国上市公司证券投机：行为动机与经济后果[D].西南财经大学,2007.
[91]朱豫玉.华锡集团业务发展组合的战略模型应用.价值工程,2008(11)：57-60
[92]党兴华,李玲,张巍.技术创新网络中企业间依赖与合作动机对企业合作行为的影响研究[J].预测,2010,21(5)：134-135
[93]刘建设,组织知识共享的影响因素与激励机制研究,现代经济,2007(8)：89-93
[94]]三亮,赵定涛.企业政治行为对管制动态均衡的隐蔽性影响分析[J].公共管理学报,2007(2).
[95]牟莉莉,汪克夷,冯桂平等.专利保护对企业绩效影响研究.科技与管理,2009(5)：59-62.
[96]Kenneth Stott, Allan Walker. Teams teamwork & teambuilding:the manager's complete guide to teams in organizations [M].New York: Prentice Hall,1995.
[97]Pintrich, P. R.& Schunk, D. H. Motivation in Education:Theory, research and applications [M]. Englewood Cliffs:Prentice Hall,1996.
[98]C.P.Alderfer. An Empirical Test of a New Theory of Human Needs [J].Organizational Behaviour and Human Performance,1996,4(2):142-175.
[99]J Schmookler.Invention and Economic Growth [M].Harvard University Press,1966.
[100]James M Utterback. Mastering the Dynamics of Innovation [M].Harvard Business School Press,1994.
[101]罗纳德·阿曼,朱利安·库泊.苏联工业创新[M].北京：科学技术文献出版社,1988
[102]李柏洲,刘鹏.技术创新的动力和障碍分析[J].学术交流,2003(08)：64.
[103]高建.中国企业技术创新分析[M].北京：清华大学出版社,1997.
[104]彼得·德鲁克,创新与企业家精神[M].北京：机械工业出版社,2009
[105]MHC Martin.Managing Technological Innovationand Enter-preneurship [M].Virginia: Reson,1984:316
[106]霍华德·H·史蒂文森(Howard H.stephenson),创业管理[M].北京：中国人民大学出版社,2012.
[107]David E Grote.The core of entrepreneurship [J].Harvard Business Review,1985,(2):103-105.
[108]Asheim T., Interactive, Innovation Systems and SME Policy, EGU Commission on the Organization of Industrial Space Residential Conference [C],1998,Gothenburg, Sweden, August.
[109]Freeman C. Technology Policy and Economic Performance-Lessons form Japan, London.1987.
[110]Lundvall B. A. (ed.), National System of Innovation Towards A Theory of Innovation and Interactive Learning,1992,London, Pinter Publisher.
[111]R. Nelson(ed.), National Systems of Innovation:A Comparative Study,Oxford University Press,1993.
[112]Edquist. System of Innovation-Technologies,Institutions, London and Washington Printer,1997.
[113]Patel P, K. Pavitt, National Innovation System:Why they are Important and How they Might be Measured and Compared [J].Economics of Innovation and New Technology,1994,(3):79.
[114]Kenneth Arrow. The Economic Implications of Learning by Doing [J]. Review of Economic Studies, 29(3):155-173.
[115]Fortuin and Leonard. Performance Indicators-Why, Where and How [J]. European Journal of Operational Research,1998:(34):1-9.
[116]N. Venkatraman and. Vasudevan Ramanujam. Measurement of Business Economic Performance [J]. An Examination of Method Convergence.,1986(8):187-199
[117]张兆国.高级财务管理[M].武汉：武汉大学出版社,2002.
[118]冯丽霞.企业绩效及其决定因素研究[J].长沙理工大学学报(社会科学版),2004,19(3)：65-67.
[119]邹国庆,倪昌红.经济转型中的组织冗余与企业绩效：制度环境的调节作用[J].山西财经大学学报,2010,32(5)：66-72
[120]Covin&Slevin, conceptual model of entrepreneurship as firm behavior [J],Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice,1991;16(1):7
[121]Lumpkin,G T,Dess,Gregory G. Clarifying the entrepreneurial orientation construct and linking it to performance [J]. The Academy of Management Review,1996,21:135-145.
[122]Ireland, R.D., Reutzel, C.R.& Webb, J.W. Entrepreneurship research in AM J:What has been published and what might the future hold? [J].Academy of Management Journal,2005,48(4):556-564.
[123]Li Tiger, Roger J. Calantone. The Impact of Market Knowledge Competence on New Product Advantage:Conceptualization and Empirical Examination. Journal of Marketing,1998,62 (10): 13-29.
[124]李卫兵,彭十一.熊彼特的“创新理论”与企业的技术创新策略[J].全国商情(经济理论研究),2006(10)：36-37.
[125]Ruekert R W,Walker O C,Roering K J.The Organization of Marketing Activities:A Contingency Theory of Structure and Performance [J]. Journal of Marketing.1985
[126]Kim B. Clark, Takahiro Fujimoto. Product Development Performance:Strategy, Organization, and Management in the World Auto Industry. Harvard Business Press,2000
[127]Dove, R. Design Principles for Agile Production, Production,1995,107(12):16-18.
[128]Ruekert R W,Walker O C,Roering K J.The Organization of Marketing Activities:A Contingency Theory of Structure and Performance [J]. Journal of Marketing.1985.
[129]Nonaka & Takeuchi.The Knowledge-Creating Company:How Japanese Companies Create the Dynamics of Innovation, Oxford, Oxford University Press.1995.
[130]Hansen,M.T.The Search-Transfer Problem:The Role of Weak Ties in Sharing Knowledge across Organization Subunits [J]. Administrative Science Quarterly.1999.
[131]Spencer J W.Firms'knowledge-sharing strategies in the global innovation system:empirical evidence from the flat panel display industry [J]. Strategic Management Journal.2003.
[132]Frambach, R. T.,& Schillewaert, N. Organizational innovation adoption:A multi-level framework of determinants and opportunities for future research. Journal of Business Research,2002,55(2): 163-176.
[133]李随成,杨婷.知识共享与组织学习对供应链企业间研发合作绩效的影响研究[J].科技进步与对策,2009,26(10)：97-103.
[134]李钧.吸收能力与企业创新：文献综述[J].学海,2011(5)：79-83.
[135]Leighweiss.Collection and Connection:The Anatomy of Knowledge Sharing in Professional Service Firms [J]. Organization Development Journal.1999.
[136]Kevin O'Connor Kevin O'Connor Paul B. Brownl. The Map of Innovation:Creating Something Out of Nothing. Crown Business press,2003.
[137]Tremblay, P.F., Gardner, R. C. Expanding the motivation construct in language learing [J]. Modern Language Journal,1995,79(4):505-520.
[138]侯二秀,陈树文,长青.企业知识员工心理资本、内在动机及创新绩效关系研究[J].大连理工大学学报(社会科学版),2012,33(2)：65-70.
[139]郭怡熠.企业员工成就动机与工作绩效关系研究[J].继续医学教育,2008,226)：22-24.
[140]谭乐,宋合义,韩樱.支持型组织文化下领着动机组合对绩效的影响研究[J].科技管理研究,2009(2)：159-163.
[141]寿涌毅,孙宇.集群企业创新来源、技术能力及创新绩效关系研究[J].管理工程学报,2009增刊：59-64.
[142]刘雯雯,杨震宁,王以华.科技园管理创新、战略动机和企业创新绩效：一个整合模型[J].科学学研究,2009,27(5)：783-792.
[143]窦红兵,王正斌.社会资本对企业创新绩效的影响-知识资源获取的中介作用[J].预测,2011,30(3)：48-52.
[144]樊钱涛.知识源、知识获取方式与产业创新绩效研究—以中国高技术产业为例[J].科研管理,2011,32(5)：29-35
[145]王长峰.吸收能力与企业创新绩效[J].技术经济与管理研究,2011(4)：31-34.
[146]简兆权,刘荣,邵丽珠.网络关系、信任与知识共享对技术创新绩效的影响研究[J].研究与发展管理,,2010,22(2)：64-71
[147]张光磊,刘善仕,申红艳.组织结构、知识转移渠道与研发团队创新绩效[J].科学学研究,2011,29(8).
[148]王瑛.企业知识转移、互动机制与联盟创新绩效的关系研究[J].学术论坛,2011,1
[149]范群林,邵云飞,唐小我等.创新网络结构嵌入性与群内企业创新能力关系研究——以四川德阳装备制造业集群为例[J].研究与发展管理,2011,23(6)：35-44.
[150]范群林,邵云飞,唐小我等.结构嵌入性对集群企业创新绩效影响的实证研究[J].科学学研究,2010,28(12)：1891-1900
[151]原欣伟,伊景冰,张元好.情境因素下的学习动因、创新和绩效一个实证研究[J].研究与发展管理,2008,20(4)：49-57.
[152]朱桂龙,李汝航.企业外部知识获取路径与企业技术创新绩效关系实证研究[J].科技进步与对策,2008,25(5)：152-155.
[153]郭立新,陈传明.模块化网络中企业技术创新能力系统演进的驱动因素——基于知识网络和资源网络的视角[J].科学学与科学技术管理,2010(2)：59-66.
[154]杨震宁,吕萍,王以华.积极的战略动机是否带来高绩效：科技园的环境调节效应[J].科学学研究,2008,26(5)：979-986.
[155]秦玮,徐飞.产学联盟绩效的影响因素分析：一个基于动机和行为视角的整合模型[J].科学学与科学技术管理,2011,32(6)：12-18..
[156]熊彼特.经济分析史(一).北京：商务印书馆,1991：153.
[157]李永波.企业技术创新的理论回顾与展望[J].西南民族学院学报2002(03)：78.
[158]吴添祖.技术经济学.北京：清华大学出版社,2004：327.
[159]傅家骥.技术创新学.北京：清华大学出版社,2003：362.
[160]贾明江.集群企业创新动机研究[J].哈尔滨工业大学学报(自然科学版),2005(8)：1080-1083
[161]刘展.网络外部性下我国企业优化技术引进策略研究[J].上海交通大学学报,2008(01)：33-38
[162]Reddi Kotha, Yanfeng Zheng, Gerard George. The effects of firm age and the expansion of technological cap abilities on innovative output and impact [J]. Strategic Management Journal, 2011(32):1011-1024.
[163]牟莉莉,汪克夷,钟琦.企业专利保护行为动机研究述评[J].科研管理,2009(03)：79-88.
[164]张子峰.产业集群可持续发展的制度因素分析[J].云南社会科学,2011,2：73-76
[165]唐国华.企业文化建设对企业发展影响的实证检验—以电器行业上市公司为例[J].生产力研究,2009,17：121-125
[166]徐细雄,万迪,梁巧转.技术创新策略与创新战略动机关系的若干命题[J].科学学研究,2005(03)：841-844.
[167]李长英,宋娟,政府在企业兼并与技术转让中的策略选择[J],南开学报,2006.1,125-132
[168]Ahuja And Curba Morris Lampert. Entrepreneurship In The Largecorporation:A Longitudinal Study Of Howestablished Firms Create Breakthroughinventionsgautam[J]. Strategic Management JournalStrat.2001,22:521-543
[169]王瑜.动机、专业技术能力与合作、创新的关系研究——基于个人和团队层面的分析[D].浙江大学,2008
[170]Scott, S. G.,& Bruce, R. A.Determinates of innovative behavior: A path model of individual innovation in the workplace [J]. Academy of Management Journal,1994 (137):580-607.
[171]Teresa M. Amabile. Creativity and innovation in organizations. Harvard business school,1996(5).
[172]张剑.企业社会责任与财务绩效相关性研究综述[J].经济研究导刊,2009,60(22)：66—67.
[173]秦远建,张玲,陈亮.知识管理效益影响因素实证分析[J].现代管理科学,2006(3)：17-19
[175]王立生,宝贡敏.基于网络与知识转移视角的跨国公司创新机制与优势构建研究[J].自然辩证法研究,2006(8)：51-54.
[176]Frederic M. Scherer, David Ross. Industrial Market Structure and Economic Performance. Houghton Mifflin Company,2002.
[177]杨晶晶,许亚静.基于Probit模型的国内技术创新影响因素实证分析[J].求索,2010(3)：47-50
[178]徐双庆,陈学光,王志玮.裂变性创新的内涵辨析[J].科学管理研究,2008(2)：76-78
[179]葛红岩.企业技术创新动力的评价指标体系研究[J].未来与发展,2011,6：60-62
[180]Strychalska-Rudzewicz, A..Organisational culture as a factor influencing creativity of innovation in a company. Management,2005,9(2):77-86
[181]Nobuo O, Hashi. Innovation and technical development in the Japanese steel industry [J]. Strategic Management Journal,1992,(6):75-97.
[182]Geert Duyst ers. The Dynami cs of Techni callnnovat i on. The Evolution and Devel opment of Information Technology,2003,(1).133-137
[183]Busenitz, L.W. Enter Preneurial Risk and Strategie Decision Making[j]. Jounral of Small Business Managemen,1999,2:34-40
[184]David J Skyrme. Form Information to Knowledge Management:Are You Prepared? [R].http: //www. skyrme.com/pubs/on97ful.htm,2005-11-28
[185]Janssens, Maddy, VanLooy, Bart. Managing the Co-operation-Competition Dilemma in R&D Alliances:A Multiple Case Study in the Advanced Materials Industry [J]. Creativity and Innovation Management,2010,19(1):3-22
[186]Markus Baer, Michael Frese.Innovation is not Enough:Climates for Initiative and Psychological Safety,Process Innovations,and FirmPerformance.Journal of Organizational Behavior,2003,24(1):45-68.
[187]Kevin G, Zheng Zhou, ChiKin Yim, David K Tse-The effects of strategic orientations on technology and market-basedreak through innovations [J]. Academy of Management Review,2005, (9): 223-235.
[188]Lumpki n, G. T. and Dess, G. Clarifying the entrepreneurial Orientation construct and linking it to performance. Academy of Management Review,1996,(21)1:166-172
[189]Horst Albach. Culture and Technical Innovation[J]. Academy of Sciences and Technology, 2001(7):239-247.
[190]Carl P Carlucci-Technical innovations in public sector organizations:A model adoption and implementation [J]. Academy ofManagementReview,2002, (5):212-231.
[191]Melinda Smale. Cultural endowmenis, institotional renovation and technical irmovation [J]. Eeonomic Development Center,2003
[192]曾五一,黄炳艺.调查问卷的可信度和有效度分析[J].统计与信息论坛,2005,20(6)：11-15.
[193]Churchill Jr G. A paradigm for developing better measures of marketing constructs [J]. Journal of marketing researc,1979,16(1):64-73.
[194]Gerbing D, Anderson J. An updated paradigm for scale development incorporating unidimensionality and its assessment [J]. Journal of marketing research,1988,25(2):186-192.
[195]Nunnally J, Bernstein I. Psychometric theory [M].New York:McGraw-Hill,1978.
[196]Trochim, W. M. K.,& Donnelly, J. P. Research methods knowledge base. Cincinnati [M]. OH: Atomic Dog Publishing,2006.
[197]Steiger J, Lind J. Statistically based tests for the number of common factors [C]In:Psychometrika Society Meeting,1980.
[198]马庆国.管理统计[M].北京：科学出版社,2002：42-320.
[199]Weiss, A. M., Heide, J. B. The nature of organizational search in high technology markets[J]. Journal of Marketing Research.1970,30:220-233.
[200]Kline R. Principles and practice of structural equation modeling [M]. New York:The Guilford Press, 1998.
[201]荣泰生.企业研究方法[M].中国税务出版社,2005
[202]黄芳铭.结构方程模式：理论与应用[M].北京：中国税务出版社,2005：111-263.
[203]王重鸣.管理心理学.北京：人民教育出版社,2000.
[204]Ahire S,Golhar D,Waller M. Development and validation of TQM implementation constructs [J].Decision Seiences,1996(27):23-56.
[205]Hattie J. Methodology Review:Assessing Unidimensionality of Tests and ltenls[J]. Applied Psychlogical Measurement,1985,9(2):139.
[206]Anderson, James C.; Gerbing, David W.Structural equation modeling in practice:A review and recommended two-step approach. Psychological Bulletin, Vol 103(3), May 1988,411-423
[207]Simonin, B.L.Ambiguity and the process of knowledge transfer in strategic alliances [J]. Strategic Management Journal,1999,20(7):595-623.
[208]Hair, J.F, Anderson, R.E, Tatham, R.L.etal. Multivariate data analysis [M].Englewood Cliffs, NJ:Prentice-Hall,1998.
[209]Bagozzi, R.P. and Yi,Y.On the evaluation of structural equation models [J].Journal of the Academy of Marketing Seience,1988,16(1):74-94.
[210]Barclay D, Higgins C, Thompson R. The partial least squares (PLS) approach to causal modeling: personal computer adoption and use as an illustration [J]. Technology studies,1995,2(2):285-309.
[211]Hair J, Anderson R, Tatham R et al. Multivariate analysis [J]. Englewood:Prentice Hall International, 1998.
[212]Bollen K. Structural equations with latent variables [M].New York:John Willey & Sons,1989.
[213]Steiger J, Lind J. Statistically based tests for the number of common factors [C]. In:Psychometrika Society Meeting,1980.
[214]Anderson J, Gerbing D. Structural equation modeling in practice:A review and recommended two-step approach [J]. Psychological bulleti,1988,103(3):411-423.
[215]Hatcher L. A step-by-step approach to using the SAS system for factor analysis and structural equation modeling [M]. NC:SAS Publishing,1994.
[216]Ahire S,Golhar D,Waller M. Development and validation of TQM implementation constructs [J].Decision Seiences,1996(27):23-56.
[217]Fornell C, Larcker D. Evaluating structural equation models with unobservable variables and measurement error [J]. Journal of marketing research,1981:39-50.
[218]Browne, M.W., and Cudeck, R. Single sample cross validation indices for covariance structures [J]. Multivariate Behavioral Research,1989,24(4):445-455.
[219]Bozdogan H. Model selection and Akaike's information criterion (A1C):The general theory and its analytical extensions [J]. Psychometrika,1987,52(3):345-370.
[220]Cudeck R, Browne M. Cross-validation of covariance structures [J]. Multivariate Behavioral Research,1983,18(2):147-167.
[221]Paul Hendriks. Why share knwledge? The influence of ICT on the motivation for knowledge sharing [J]. Knowledge and Process Management,1999(6):91-103
[222]Fishbein M, Ajzen I. Belief, attitude, intention and behavior:An introduction to theory and research [J]. Psychological bulletin,1975.
[223]Seherer F.M,Firmsize, Marketstrueture, opportunity, and the output of patented Inventions [J].AmerieanEeonomieReview,1965,55(5):1097-1125.
[224]Chow, W.,& Chan, L.. Social network, social trust and shared goals in organizational knowledge sharing [J].Information and Management,2008,45(7):458-465.
[225]Cowan, R., Jonard, N.,& Ozman, M.. Knowledge dynamics in a network industry [J]. Technological Forecasting and Social Change,2004(71):469-484.
[226]G. Bock, R. Zmud, Y. Kim & J. Lee. Behavioral Intention Formation in Knowledge Sharing: Examining the Roles of Extrinsic Motivators, Social-Psychological Forces and Organizational Climate [J]. MIS Quarterly.2004:343-356.
[227]李怀祖.管理研究方法[M].陕西：西安交通大学出版社,2004：118-146.
[228]Gundersen, M.G., Heide, M., Olsson, U.H. Hotel guest satisfaction among business travelers [J]. The Cornell Hotel and Restaurant Administration Quarterly,1996,36(2):72-81.
[229]贺小刚.绩效管理[M].上海财经大学出版社,2008.
[230]陈国权郑红平.组织学习影响因素、学习能力与绩效关系的实证研究[J].管理科学学报,2005,8(1)：48-52
[231]Frederic M. Scherer, David Ross. Industrial Market Structure and Economic Performance. Houghton Mifflin Company,2002.
[232]Holger Ernst.Paten applications and subsequent changes of Performance:evidence from Time series cross-section analyses on the firm level.Research Policy [J].2001,30(1):143-157.
[233]Kendall W.Artz, Patrieia M.Norman, Donald E.Hatfield.Firm performance:a Longitudinal study of R&D, patents,and product innovation. Academy of Management Best Conferencepaper 2003,TIM:B1-B6.
[234]张波涛,李延喜,栾庆伟等.专利研发中“加速化陷阱”现象的实证研究—以机械制造业上市公司三种专利产出为例[J].科研管理,2008,29(3)：89-104.
[235]Griliches Z.,Hall B.H.,Pakes A.R&D,atents,and market value revised:is there a second technological opportunity factor? [J]. Economies of Innovation and New Tecnolog,1991(1):183-201.
[236]Austin D.H.An event-study apvroach to measuring innovative output: the case of biotechnology [J].American Eeonomie Review,1993,83(2):253-258.
[237]AustinD.H.The power of patents [J].Resources,1995(119):2-5.
[238]郑美群.社会资本对高技术企业绩效的作用分析[J].工业技术经济,2005,24(2)：73-77.
[239]Laury Bollen, Philip Vergauwen, Stephanie Sehnieders.Linking intel lectual capital and Intellectual proverty to company performanee [J]. Management Decision,2005,43(9):1161-1185.
[240]Tiwana A. Does Interfirm Modularity Complement ignorance AField Study of Software Outsourcing Alliances [J]. StrategicManagement Journa,12008,29(11):769-780
[241]Baron R., Kenny D.The moderator-mediator variable distinction in social psychological research:Conceptual, strategic, and statistical considerations [J].Journal of Personality and Social Psychology,1986,51 (6):1173-1182.
[2]MARSHALL A. Principles of economics [M].London:Macmillan,1920:120-135.
[3]Giuliani E. The selective nature of knowledge networks in clusters:evidence from the wine industry [J]. Journal of Economic Geography,2007,7(2):139-168.
[4]Bell, G. G. Clusters, networks, and firm innovativeness [J]. Strategic management Journal, 2005,26(3):287-295.
[5]Altenburg T,Schmitz H, StIMm. A. Breakthrough? China's and India's transition from production to innovation [J]. World Development,2008,36 (2):325-344.
[6]Chaminade C, Vang J. Globalisation of knowledge production and regional innovation policy: Supporting specialized hubs in the Bangalore software industry [J]. Research Policy.2008,37 10):1684-1696.
[7]Caniels, M. C. J, Romijn, H. A.What drives innovativeness in industrial clusters? Transcending the debate [J]. Cambridge Journal of Economics,2005,29(4):497-515.
[8]Morosini.P.Industrial Clusters,Knowledge Integration and performance [J].World Delopment,2004,32(2):305-326
[9]Luo, Y. D. Are joint venture partners more opportunistic in a more volatile environment? [J].Strategic Management Journal,2007,28 (1):39-60.
[10]Mesquita, L.F, Thomas, J.A, Brush, H. Comparing the resource-based and relational views: knowledge transfer and spillover in vertical alliances [J]. Strategic Management Journal,2008,29 (9): 913-941.
[11]Dan Dimancescu, Ray Stata, James Botkin. Global Stakes:The Future of High Technology in America. Penguin Group (USA) Incorporated,1984.
[12]马斯洛.动机与人格[M].西安：陕西师范大学出版社,2010.
[13]赫伯特A.西蒙.管理行为[M].北京：机械工业出版社,2004.
[14]熊彼特.经济发展理论[M].北京：商务印书馆,1990.
[15]Wolfe,R.A.Organizational Innovation:Review,Critique and Suggested Research Directions [J].Journal of Management Studies,1994,31 (3):405-430.
[16]Kimberly,J.R.M.J.Evanisko.Organizational Innovation:The Influence of Individual, Organizational, and Contextual Factors on Hospital Adoption of Technological and Administrative Innovation [J].Academy of Management Journal,1981(24):689-713.
[17]Rogers,E.M.Diffusion of Innovations [M].Free Press,New York,2003.
[18]Walker Richard M. Inn ovation Type and Diffusion:An Empirical Analysis of Local Government [J].Public Administration,2006(2):311-335.
[19]Grant,R.M., Baden,Fuller, C.A Knowledge Accessing Theory of Strategic Alliances [J].Journal of Management Studies.2004,41 (1):61-84.
[20]Kogut,B.,Zander,U.Knowledge and the Speed of the Transfer and Imitation of organizational Capabilities:An Empirical Test [J].Organization Science,1995,5(1):76-92.
[21]Spender,J.C.Making knowledge the basis for a dynamic view of the firm [J].Strategic Management Journal 1996,17:45-62.
[22]D B Audretsch. Innovation in Large and Small Firms:An Empirical Analysis [J].International Library of Critical Writings in Economics,1996,1(61):393-405.
[23]Cohen W.M,Levinthal D.A.Absorptive capacity a new perspective on learning and innovation [J].Administrative Science Quarterly,2000,35(1):128-152.
[24]Bustamante, M.A.Linking proOPties of knowledge and knowledge network topology with performance [D].The Graduate College at the University of Nebraska,2007.
[25]Audretsch D.Feldman M. Knowledge spillovers and the geography of innovation and production [J]. American Economic Review,1996,86(3):630-640.
[26]Courtney, J.Decsion making and knowledge management in inquiring organizations:toward a new decision-making paradigm for DSS [J].Decision Support Systems,2001,31:17-38.
[27]Nissen, M.E.Dynamic knowledge patterns to inform design:A field study of knowledge stocks and flows in an extreme organization [J]. Journal of Management Information Systems 2005,22(3):225-263.
[28]Ouimet, M.Landry, R.amara, N.Network positions and radical innovation:a social network analysis of the Quebec optics/photonics cluster [C].DRUID Summer Conference in Elsinore, Denmark,2004.
[29]Cohen, W.M., Levinthal, D.A.Innovation and learning:The two faces of R&D [J].Economic Journal, 1989,99:569-596.
[30]J Schmookler. Review of Invention and Economic Growth [J].The Economic Journal,1968, 78(309):135-136.
[31]David C Mowery, Nathan Rosenberg. Paths of Innovation [M].New York:Cambridge University Press,1998.
[32]J A Schumpeter. History of economic analysis [M].New York:Oxford University Press,1954.
[33]王海山.技术创新动力机制的理论模式[J].科学技术与辩证法.1992,9(06)：22-27.
[34]李垣,汪应洛.企业技术创新动力机制构成要素的探讨[J].科学管理研究.1994(04)：43-45.
[35]安立仁,张建申.企业技术创新的动力分析[J].西北大学学报(自然科学版).1995,25(2)：171-175.
[36]魏江.完善企业技术创新动力机制的对策研究[J].科学管理研究,1998(6)：1-3.
[37]张钢.企业技术创新的动力源与信息源[J].科研管理.1998,19(4)：27-31.
[38]徐维祥.企业技术创新动力系统研究[J].数量经济技术经济研究,2002(1)：70-73.
[39]许小东.技术创新内驱动力机制模式研究[J].数量经济技术经济研究,2002(3)：76-78.
[40]冯晓莉.提高国家创新体系效率的相关建议[J].商业研究,2002(3)：81-82.
[41]王娜.高新技术企业自主创新的动力机制研究[J].企业科技与发展,2009(10)：4-6
[42]厉怒江.关于技术创新动力理论的研究[J].科学管理研究,1993(11)：67-70.
[43]陈巧玲.创新主体的创新动力问题探析[J].广西社会科学,2007(06)：20-23.
[44]谢薇.技术创新动力机制的E-E模式[J]；软科学,1997(01)：21-23.
[45]许箫迪,王子龙,谭清美.论企业文化与技术创新的互动关系[J].软科学,2002(5)：93一95.
[46]李猛.供求均衡视角下的我国企业技术创新动力研究[J].华东经济管理,2006(10)：25-27,31.
[47]王少君,尚欣欣.基于产业集群下企业技术创新动力机制的研究[J].滨州职业学院学报，,2007(02)：74-76.
[48]傅家骥.技术创新学[M].北京：清华大学出版社,2011.
[49]Michael E. Porter. The competitive advantage of nations [M]. New York,Free Press,1990:220-247.
[50]王缉慈,童听.简论我国地方企业集群的研究意义[J].经济地理,2001(5)：550-553.
[51]金样荣,朱希伟.专业化产业区的起源与演化[J].经济研究,2002(8)：74-82.
[52]Piore, M.J, C.F.Sabel. The Second Industrial Divide:Possibilities for Prosperity [M]. Basic Books: New York,1984.
[53]David Dreyfus.Industry Cohesion&Knowledge Sharing:Network based Absorptive Capacity. Working paper series,2005.
[54]Scott, Storper. Pathways to Industrialization and Regional Development. Tylor&Fraeclr Group,1992: 3-20.
[55]仇保兴.小企业集群研究.[M].上海：复旦大学出版社,1999.
[56]Asheim B.T,Isaksen A.Regional Innovation Systems:The Integration of Local'Sticky'and Global 'Ubiquitous'Knowledge [J]. Journal of Technology Transfer,2002.
[57]Gunnarsson.J,Wallin,T. An evolutionary approach to Regional innovation systems of innovation,2007.
[58]Lynn Mytelka & Fulvia Farinelli.Local Clusters, Innovation Systems and Sustained Competitiveness. [M].2000.
[59]Saxenian,A.1994.Regional Advantage:Culture and Competition in Silicon Valley and Route 128. Harvard University Press,Cambridge,MA.
[60]Manuel Castells,Peter Geoffrey Hall.Technopoles of the world:the making of twenty-first-century industrial complexes [M]. London Routledge,1994:22-26.
[61]Larsen K.,Rogers M.Silicon Valley,the rise and falling off of entrepreneurial fever [M]. Massachusetts:Ballinger,1988:31-37.
[62]吴敬琏.中国怎样才能有自己的硅谷[J].经贸导报,2001(9)：11-17.
[63]徐康宁.中国硅谷产生的条件与途径[J].中国软科学,2000(6)：101-106.
[64]蒋春燕,赵吾明.拷贝硅谷能否成为中国高科技园区的发展之途[J].生产力研究,2001(1)：107-113.
[65]张剑文,克隆硅谷[J].中国中小企业,1999(3)：101-106.
[66]钱颖一.硅谷不是计划出来的[J].开放导报,1999(10)：7-11.
[67]蔡宁,杨闩柱.企业集群竞争优势的演进：从“聚集经济”到“创新网络”[J].科研管理,2004,25(4).
[68]朱秀梅.高技术产业集群创新路径与机理实证研究[J].中国工业经济,2008,2(2)：66-75.
[69]谢洪明,王成,吴隆增.知识整合、组织创新与组织绩效：华南地区企业的实证研究[J].管理学报,2006,3(5)：600-606,621.
[70]李平,梁俊启.高技术产业集群技术创新文献综述[J].科技进步与对策,2008,25(3)：193-196.
[71]刘兰剑,司春林.创新网络17年研究文献述评[J].研究与发展管理,2009,21(4)：68-77.
[72]Hakansson h. Industrial Technological Development: A Network Approach [M]. London:Croom Helm,1987.
[73]ARGYRIS C,SCHON D.Organizational learning:A theory of action perspective [M].1978, Addison-Wesley;MA.
[74]Breschi,S.,Malerba,F.Clusters,networks and innovation[M].Oxford:Oxford University Press,2005.
[75]Cooke,P.Regional innovation systems,clusters and the knowledge economy [J].Industrial and Corporate Change,2001(10):945-974.
[76]Fallah M.H.Ibrahim S.Knowledge Spillover and Innovation in Technological Clusters,IAMOT 2004 Conference,Washington,D.C:2004,3-5.
[77]李寒蕾,孙文.谈产业集群网络、知识整合能力对企业创新绩效的影响.商业时代,2011,20.
[78]Chin Wei Chong, Siong Choy Chong, Geok Chew Gan. Inter-organizational knowledge transfer needs among small and medium enterprises [J]. Library Review,2010,60 (1):37-52.
[79]Jose'Antonio Belso-Martinez, F. Xavier Molina-Morales Clustering. Internal resources:moderation and mediation effects [J]. Journal of knowledge management,2011,(15) 5.
[80]Nada Rejeb-Khachlouf.Bertrand Quelin.personal networks and knowledge transfer in inter-organizational networks [J]. International Journal of Productivity and Performance Management 2011,60(2).
[81]Helena Forsman. Improving innovation capabilities of small enterprises:cluster strategy as a tool [J].International Journal of Innovation Management,2009,13(2):221-243.
[82]Deci, E. L, Eghrari, H, Patrick, B. C, et al. Facilitating internalization:The self-determination theory perspective [J]. Journal of Personality,1994(62):119-142.
[83]Deci, E. L.,& Ryan, R. M. The "what" and "why" of goal pursuits:Human needs and the self determination of behavior. Psychological Inquiry,2000,11 (4):227-268
[84]甫永民.农业税免除后村干部职务行为重心转变的实证研究[J].北工业大学学报(社科版)，2008(1)：112-117.
[85]王艳子,罗瑾琏.目标取向对员工创新行为的影响研究——基于知识共享的中介效应[J].科学学与科学技术管理,2011,32(5)：164-170.
[86]冯旭,鲁若愚,彭蕾.服务企业员工个人创新行为与工作动机、自我效能感关系研究[J].研究与发展管理,2009,21(3)：43-49.
[87]常静.百度百科用户参与行为与参与动机关系的实证研究[J].科学学研究2009,27(8)：1213-121
[88]张爽,乔坤,汪克夷.知识共享及其影响因素的实证研究.情报理论与实践,2008,31(4)：502-506
[89]靳卫东,高波.企业家精神与经济增长：企业家创新行为的经济学分析经济评论[J].2008(5)：113-121.
[90]王伟.中国上市公司证券投机：行为动机与经济后果[D].西南财经大学,2007.
[91]朱豫玉.华锡集团业务发展组合的战略模型应用.价值工程,2008(11)：57-60
[92]党兴华,李玲,张巍.技术创新网络中企业间依赖与合作动机对企业合作行为的影响研究[J].预测,2010,21(5)：134-135
[93]刘建设,组织知识共享的影响因素与激励机制研究,现代经济,2007(8)：89-93
[94]]三亮,赵定涛.企业政治行为对管制动态均衡的隐蔽性影响分析[J].公共管理学报,2007(2).
[95]牟莉莉,汪克夷,冯桂平等.专利保护对企业绩效影响研究.科技与管理,2009(5)：59-62.
[96]Kenneth Stott, Allan Walker. Teams teamwork & teambuilding:the manager's complete guide to teams in organizations [M].New York: Prentice Hall,1995.
[97]Pintrich, P. R.& Schunk, D. H. Motivation in Education:Theory, research and applications [M]. Englewood Cliffs:Prentice Hall,1996.
[98]C.P.Alderfer. An Empirical Test of a New Theory of Human Needs [J].Organizational Behaviour and Human Performance,1996,4(2):142-175.
[99]J Schmookler.Invention and Economic Growth [M].Harvard University Press,1966.
[100]James M Utterback. Mastering the Dynamics of Innovation [M].Harvard Business School Press,1994.
[101]罗纳德·阿曼,朱利安·库泊.苏联工业创新[M].北京：科学技术文献出版社,1988
[102]李柏洲,刘鹏.技术创新的动力和障碍分析[J].学术交流,2003(08)：64.
[103]高建.中国企业技术创新分析[M].北京：清华大学出版社,1997.
[104]彼得·德鲁克,创新与企业家精神[M].北京：机械工业出版社,2009
[105]MHC Martin.Managing Technological Innovationand Enter-preneurship [M].Virginia: Reson,1984:316
[106]霍华德·H·史蒂文森(Howard H.stephenson),创业管理[M].北京：中国人民大学出版社,2012.
[107]David E Grote.The core of entrepreneurship [J].Harvard Business Review,1985,(2):103-105.
[108]Asheim T., Interactive, Innovation Systems and SME Policy, EGU Commission on the Organization of Industrial Space Residential Conference [C],1998,Gothenburg, Sweden, August.
[109]Freeman C. Technology Policy and Economic Performance-Lessons form Japan, London.1987.
[110]Lundvall B. A. (ed.), National System of Innovation Towards A Theory of Innovation and Interactive Learning,1992,London, Pinter Publisher.
[111]R. Nelson(ed.), National Systems of Innovation:A Comparative Study,Oxford University Press,1993.
[112]Edquist. System of Innovation-Technologies,Institutions, London and Washington Printer,1997.
[113]Patel P, K. Pavitt, National Innovation System:Why they are Important and How they Might be Measured and Compared [J].Economics of Innovation and New Technology,1994,(3):79.
[114]Kenneth Arrow. The Economic Implications of Learning by Doing [J]. Review of Economic Studies, 29(3):155-173.
[115]Fortuin and Leonard. Performance Indicators-Why, Where and How [J]. European Journal of Operational Research,1998:(34):1-9.
[116]N. Venkatraman and. Vasudevan Ramanujam. Measurement of Business Economic Performance [J]. An Examination of Method Convergence.,1986(8):187-199
[117]张兆国.高级财务管理[M].武汉：武汉大学出版社,2002.
[118]冯丽霞.企业绩效及其决定因素研究[J].长沙理工大学学报(社会科学版),2004,19(3)：65-67.
[119]邹国庆,倪昌红.经济转型中的组织冗余与企业绩效：制度环境的调节作用[J].山西财经大学学报,2010,32(5)：66-72
[120]Covin&Slevin, conceptual model of entrepreneurship as firm behavior [J],Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice,1991;16(1):7
[121]Lumpkin,G T,Dess,Gregory G. Clarifying the entrepreneurial orientation construct and linking it to performance [J]. The Academy of Management Review,1996,21:135-145.
[122]Ireland, R.D., Reutzel, C.R.& Webb, J.W. Entrepreneurship research in AM J:What has been published and what might the future hold? [J].Academy of Management Journal,2005,48(4):556-564.
[123]Li Tiger, Roger J. Calantone. The Impact of Market Knowledge Competence on New Product Advantage:Conceptualization and Empirical Examination. Journal of Marketing,1998,62 (10): 13-29.
[124]李卫兵,彭十一.熊彼特的“创新理论”与企业的技术创新策略[J].全国商情(经济理论研究),2006(10)：36-37.
[125]Ruekert R W,Walker O C,Roering K J.The Organization of Marketing Activities:A Contingency Theory of Structure and Performance [J]. Journal of Marketing.1985
[126]Kim B. Clark, Takahiro Fujimoto. Product Development Performance:Strategy, Organization, and Management in the World Auto Industry. Harvard Business Press,2000
[127]Dove, R. Design Principles for Agile Production, Production,1995,107(12):16-18.
[128]Ruekert R W,Walker O C,Roering K J.The Organization of Marketing Activities:A Contingency Theory of Structure and Performance [J]. Journal of Marketing.1985.
[129]Nonaka & Takeuchi.The Knowledge-Creating Company:How Japanese Companies Create the Dynamics of Innovation, Oxford, Oxford University Press.1995.
[130]Hansen,M.T.The Search-Transfer Problem:The Role of Weak Ties in Sharing Knowledge across Organization Subunits [J]. Administrative Science Quarterly.1999.
[131]Spencer J W.Firms'knowledge-sharing strategies in the global innovation system:empirical evidence from the flat panel display industry [J]. Strategic Management Journal.2003.
[132]Frambach, R. T.,& Schillewaert, N. Organizational innovation adoption:A multi-level framework of determinants and opportunities for future research. Journal of Business Research,2002,55(2): 163-176.
[133]李随成,杨婷.知识共享与组织学习对供应链企业间研发合作绩效的影响研究[J].科技进步与对策,2009,26(10)：97-103.
[134]李钧.吸收能力与企业创新：文献综述[J].学海,2011(5)：79-83.
[135]Leighweiss.Collection and Connection:The Anatomy of Knowledge Sharing in Professional Service Firms [J]. Organization Development Journal.1999.
[136]Kevin O'Connor Kevin O'Connor Paul B. Brownl. The Map of Innovation:Creating Something Out of Nothing. Crown Business press,2003.
[137]Tremblay, P.F., Gardner, R. C. Expanding the motivation construct in language learing [J]. Modern Language Journal,1995,79(4):505-520.
[138]侯二秀,陈树文,长青.企业知识员工心理资本、内在动机及创新绩效关系研究[J].大连理工大学学报(社会科学版),2012,33(2)：65-70.
[139]郭怡熠.企业员工成就动机与工作绩效关系研究[J].继续医学教育,2008,226)：22-24.
[140]谭乐,宋合义,韩樱.支持型组织文化下领着动机组合对绩效的影响研究[J].科技管理研究,2009(2)：159-163.
[141]寿涌毅,孙宇.集群企业创新来源、技术能力及创新绩效关系研究[J].管理工程学报,2009增刊：59-64.
[142]刘雯雯,杨震宁,王以华.科技园管理创新、战略动机和企业创新绩效：一个整合模型[J].科学学研究,2009,27(5)：783-792.
[143]窦红兵,王正斌.社会资本对企业创新绩效的影响-知识资源获取的中介作用[J].预测,2011,30(3)：48-52.
[144]樊钱涛.知识源、知识获取方式与产业创新绩效研究—以中国高技术产业为例[J].科研管理,2011,32(5)：29-35
[145]王长峰.吸收能力与企业创新绩效[J].技术经济与管理研究,2011(4)：31-34.
[146]简兆权,刘荣,邵丽珠.网络关系、信任与知识共享对技术创新绩效的影响研究[J].研究与发展管理,,2010,22(2)：64-71
[147]张光磊,刘善仕,申红艳.组织结构、知识转移渠道与研发团队创新绩效[J].科学学研究,2011,29(8).
[148]王瑛.企业知识转移、互动机制与联盟创新绩效的关系研究[J].学术论坛,2011,1
[149]范群林,邵云飞,唐小我等.创新网络结构嵌入性与群内企业创新能力关系研究——以四川德阳装备制造业集群为例[J].研究与发展管理,2011,23(6)：35-44.
[150]范群林,邵云飞,唐小我等.结构嵌入性对集群企业创新绩效影响的实证研究[J].科学学研究,2010,28(12)：1891-1900
[151]原欣伟,伊景冰,张元好.情境因素下的学习动因、创新和绩效一个实证研究[J].研究与发展管理,2008,20(4)：49-57.
[152]朱桂龙,李汝航.企业外部知识获取路径与企业技术创新绩效关系实证研究[J].科技进步与对策,2008,25(5)：152-155.
[153]郭立新,陈传明.模块化网络中企业技术创新能力系统演进的驱动因素——基于知识网络和资源网络的视角[J].科学学与科学技术管理,2010(2)：59-66.
[154]杨震宁,吕萍,王以华.积极的战略动机是否带来高绩效：科技园的环境调节效应[J].科学学研究,2008,26(5)：979-986.
[155]秦玮,徐飞.产学联盟绩效的影响因素分析：一个基于动机和行为视角的整合模型[J].科学学与科学技术管理,2011,32(6)：12-18..
[156]熊彼特.经济分析史(一).北京：商务印书馆,1991：153.
[157]李永波.企业技术创新的理论回顾与展望[J].西南民族学院学报2002(03)：78.
[158]吴添祖.技术经济学.北京：清华大学出版社,2004：327.
[159]傅家骥.技术创新学.北京：清华大学出版社,2003：362.
[160]贾明江.集群企业创新动机研究[J].哈尔滨工业大学学报(自然科学版),2005(8)：1080-1083
[161]刘展.网络外部性下我国企业优化技术引进策略研究[J].上海交通大学学报,2008(01)：33-38
[162]Reddi Kotha, Yanfeng Zheng, Gerard George. The effects of firm age and the expansion of technological cap abilities on innovative output and impact [J]. Strategic Management Journal, 2011(32):1011-1024.
[163]牟莉莉,汪克夷,钟琦.企业专利保护行为动机研究述评[J].科研管理,2009(03)：79-88.
[164]张子峰.产业集群可持续发展的制度因素分析[J].云南社会科学,2011,2：73-76
[165]唐国华.企业文化建设对企业发展影响的实证检验—以电器行业上市公司为例[J].生产力研究,2009,17：121-125
[166]徐细雄,万迪,梁巧转.技术创新策略与创新战略动机关系的若干命题[J].科学学研究,2005(03)：841-844.
[167]李长英,宋娟,政府在企业兼并与技术转让中的策略选择[J],南开学报,2006.1,125-132
[168]Ahuja And Curba Morris Lampert. Entrepreneurship In The Largecorporation:A Longitudinal Study Of Howestablished Firms Create Breakthroughinventionsgautam[J]. Strategic Management JournalStrat.2001,22:521-543
[169]王瑜.动机、专业技术能力与合作、创新的关系研究——基于个人和团队层面的分析[D].浙江大学,2008
[170]Scott, S. G.,& Bruce, R. A.Determinates of innovative behavior: A path model of individual innovation in the workplace [J]. Academy of Management Journal,1994 (137):580-607.
[171]Teresa M. Amabile. Creativity and innovation in organizations. Harvard business school,1996(5).
[172]张剑.企业社会责任与财务绩效相关性研究综述[J].经济研究导刊,2009,60(22)：66—67.
[173]秦远建,张玲,陈亮.知识管理效益影响因素实证分析[J].现代管理科学,2006(3)：17-19
[175]王立生,宝贡敏.基于网络与知识转移视角的跨国公司创新机制与优势构建研究[J].自然辩证法研究,2006(8)：51-54.
[176]Frederic M. Scherer, David Ross. Industrial Market Structure and Economic Performance. Houghton Mifflin Company,2002.
[177]杨晶晶,许亚静.基于Probit模型的国内技术创新影响因素实证分析[J].求索,2010(3)：47-50
[178]徐双庆,陈学光,王志玮.裂变性创新的内涵辨析[J].科学管理研究,2008(2)：76-78
[179]葛红岩.企业技术创新动力的评价指标体系研究[J].未来与发展,2011,6：60-62
[180]Strychalska-Rudzewicz, A..Organisational culture as a factor influencing creativity of innovation in a company. Management,2005,9(2):77-86
[181]Nobuo O, Hashi. Innovation and technical development in the Japanese steel industry [J]. Strategic Management Journal,1992,(6):75-97.
[182]Geert Duyst ers. The Dynami cs of Techni callnnovat i on. The Evolution and Devel opment of Information Technology,2003,(1).133-137
[183]Busenitz, L.W. Enter Preneurial Risk and Strategie Decision Making[j]. Jounral of Small Business Managemen,1999,2:34-40
[184]David J Skyrme. Form Information to Knowledge Management:Are You Prepared? [R].http: //www. skyrme.com/pubs/on97ful.htm,2005-11-28
[185]Janssens, Maddy, VanLooy, Bart. Managing the Co-operation-Competition Dilemma in R&D Alliances:A Multiple Case Study in the Advanced Materials Industry [J]. Creativity and Innovation Management,2010,19(1):3-22
[186]Markus Baer, Michael Frese.Innovation is not Enough:Climates for Initiative and Psychological Safety,Process Innovations,and FirmPerformance.Journal of Organizational Behavior,2003,24(1):45-68.
[187]Kevin G, Zheng Zhou, ChiKin Yim, David K Tse-The effects of strategic orientations on technology and market-basedreak through innovations [J]. Academy of Management Review,2005, (9): 223-235.
[188]Lumpki n, G. T. and Dess, G. Clarifying the entrepreneurial Orientation construct and linking it to performance. Academy of Management Review,1996,(21)1:166-172
[189]Horst Albach. Culture and Technical Innovation[J]. Academy of Sciences and Technology, 2001(7):239-247.
[190]Carl P Carlucci-Technical innovations in public sector organizations:A model adoption and implementation [J]. Academy ofManagementReview,2002, (5):212-231.
[191]Melinda Smale. Cultural endowmenis, institotional renovation and technical irmovation [J]. Eeonomic Development Center,2003
[192]曾五一,黄炳艺.调查问卷的可信度和有效度分析[J].统计与信息论坛,2005,20(6)：11-15.
[193]Churchill Jr G. A paradigm for developing better measures of marketing constructs [J]. Journal of marketing researc,1979,16(1):64-73.
[194]Gerbing D, Anderson J. An updated paradigm for scale development incorporating unidimensionality and its assessment [J]. Journal of marketing research,1988,25(2):186-192.
[195]Nunnally J, Bernstein I. Psychometric theory [M].New York:McGraw-Hill,1978.
[196]Trochim, W. M. K.,& Donnelly, J. P. Research methods knowledge base. Cincinnati [M]. OH: Atomic Dog Publishing,2006.
[197]Steiger J, Lind J. Statistically based tests for the number of common factors [C]In:Psychometrika Society Meeting,1980.
[198]马庆国.管理统计[M].北京：科学出版社,2002：42-320.
[199]Weiss, A. M., Heide, J. B. The nature of organizational search in high technology markets[J]. Journal of Marketing Research.1970,30:220-233.
[200]Kline R. Principles and practice of structural equation modeling [M]. New York:The Guilford Press, 1998.
[201]荣泰生.企业研究方法[M].中国税务出版社,2005
[202]黄芳铭.结构方程模式：理论与应用[M].北京：中国税务出版社,2005：111-263.
[203]王重鸣.管理心理学.北京：人民教育出版社,2000.
[204]Ahire S,Golhar D,Waller M. Development and validation of TQM implementation constructs [J].Decision Seiences,1996(27):23-56.
[205]Hattie J. Methodology Review:Assessing Unidimensionality of Tests and ltenls[J]. Applied Psychlogical Measurement,1985,9(2):139.
[206]Anderson, James C.; Gerbing, David W.Structural equation modeling in practice:A review and recommended two-step approach. Psychological Bulletin, Vol 103(3), May 1988,411-423
[207]Simonin, B.L.Ambiguity and the process of knowledge transfer in strategic alliances [J]. Strategic Management Journal,1999,20(7):595-623.
[208]Hair, J.F, Anderson, R.E, Tatham, R.L.etal. Multivariate data analysis [M].Englewood Cliffs, NJ:Prentice-Hall,1998.
[209]Bagozzi, R.P. and Yi,Y.On the evaluation of structural equation models [J].Journal of the Academy of Marketing Seience,1988,16(1):74-94.
[210]Barclay D, Higgins C, Thompson R. The partial least squares (PLS) approach to causal modeling: personal computer adoption and use as an illustration [J]. Technology studies,1995,2(2):285-309.
[211]Hair J, Anderson R, Tatham R et al. Multivariate analysis [J]. Englewood:Prentice Hall International, 1998.
[212]Bollen K. Structural equations with latent variables [M].New York:John Willey & Sons,1989.
[213]Steiger J, Lind J. Statistically based tests for the number of common factors [C]. In:Psychometrika Society Meeting,1980.
[214]Anderson J, Gerbing D. Structural equation modeling in practice:A review and recommended two-step approach [J]. Psychological bulleti,1988,103(3):411-423.
[215]Hatcher L. A step-by-step approach to using the SAS system for factor analysis and structural equation modeling [M]. NC:SAS Publishing,1994.
[216]Ahire S,Golhar D,Waller M. Development and validation of TQM implementation constructs [J].Decision Seiences,1996(27):23-56.
[217]Fornell C, Larcker D. Evaluating structural equation models with unobservable variables and measurement error [J]. Journal of marketing research,1981:39-50.
[218]Browne, M.W., and Cudeck, R. Single sample cross validation indices for covariance structures [J]. Multivariate Behavioral Research,1989,24(4):445-455.
[219]Bozdogan H. Model selection and Akaike's information criterion (A1C):The general theory and its analytical extensions [J]. Psychometrika,1987,52(3):345-370.
[220]Cudeck R, Browne M. Cross-validation of covariance structures [J]. Multivariate Behavioral Research,1983,18(2):147-167.
[221]Paul Hendriks. Why share knwledge? The influence of ICT on the motivation for knowledge sharing [J]. Knowledge and Process Management,1999(6):91-103
[222]Fishbein M, Ajzen I. Belief, attitude, intention and behavior:An introduction to theory and research [J]. Psychological bulletin,1975.
[223]Seherer F.M,Firmsize, Marketstrueture, opportunity, and the output of patented Inventions [J].AmerieanEeonomieReview,1965,55(5):1097-1125.
[224]Chow, W.,& Chan, L.. Social network, social trust and shared goals in organizational knowledge sharing [J].Information and Management,2008,45(7):458-465.
[225]Cowan, R., Jonard, N.,& Ozman, M.. Knowledge dynamics in a network industry [J]. Technological Forecasting and Social Change,2004(71):469-484.
[226]G. Bock, R. Zmud, Y. Kim & J. Lee. Behavioral Intention Formation in Knowledge Sharing: Examining the Roles of Extrinsic Motivators, Social-Psychological Forces and Organizational Climate [J]. MIS Quarterly.2004:343-356.
[227]李怀祖.管理研究方法[M].陕西：西安交通大学出版社,2004：118-146.
[228]Gundersen, M.G., Heide, M., Olsson, U.H. Hotel guest satisfaction among business travelers [J]. The Cornell Hotel and Restaurant Administration Quarterly,1996,36(2):72-81.
[229]贺小刚.绩效管理[M].上海财经大学出版社,2008.
[230]陈国权郑红平.组织学习影响因素、学习能力与绩效关系的实证研究[J].管理科学学报,2005,8(1)：48-52
[231]Frederic M. Scherer, David Ross. Industrial Market Structure and Economic Performance. Houghton Mifflin Company,2002.
[232]Holger Ernst.Paten applications and subsequent changes of Performance:evidence from Time series cross-section analyses on the firm level.Research Policy [J].2001,30(1):143-157.
[233]Kendall W.Artz, Patrieia M.Norman, Donald E.Hatfield.Firm performance:a Longitudinal study of R&D, patents,and product innovation. Academy of Management Best Conferencepaper 2003,TIM:B1-B6.
[234]张波涛,李延喜,栾庆伟等.专利研发中“加速化陷阱”现象的实证研究—以机械制造业上市公司三种专利产出为例[J].科研管理,2008,29(3)：89-104.
[235]Griliches Z.,Hall B.H.,Pakes A.R&D,atents,and market value revised:is there a second technological opportunity factor? [J]. Economies of Innovation and New Tecnolog,1991(1):183-201.
[236]Austin D.H.An event-study apvroach to measuring innovative output: the case of biotechnology [J].American Eeonomie Review,1993,83(2):253-258.
[237]AustinD.H.The power of patents [J].Resources,1995(119):2-5.
[238]郑美群.社会资本对高技术企业绩效的作用分析[J].工业技术经济,2005,24(2)：73-77.
[239]Laury Bollen, Philip Vergauwen, Stephanie Sehnieders.Linking intel lectual capital and Intellectual proverty to company performanee [J]. Management Decision,2005,43(9):1161-1185.
[240]Tiwana A. Does Interfirm Modularity Complement ignorance AField Study of Software Outsourcing Alliances [J]. StrategicManagement Journa,12008,29(11):769-780
[241]Baron R., Kenny D.The moderator-mediator variable distinction in social psychological research:Conceptual, strategic, and statistical considerations [J].Journal of Personality and Social Psychology,1986,51 (6):1173-1182.