不同改良措施对碱化草甸土理化性状的影响
|
摘要
近年来,随着人口的不断增加和工业的迅速发展,导致生态环境不断恶化,土壤盐渍化程度不断加剧,不仅严重影响现代农牧业的发展,而且还对自然资源、生物圈和生态环境构成了严重的威胁,因此,综合整治盐渍化土壤问题迫在眉睫。
我国东北的松嫩平原分布着广大的盐渍土资源,绥化市兰西县位于松嫩平原的东南部,在兰西县西部、西北部多为盐渍化土壤,pH值均超过8,有机质含量低。投入大、产出低,致使农业生产水平和农民人均收入长期在低水平上徘徊,很多农民至今尚未解决温饱,相当一部分村屯达到赤贫状态。因此,建立适应当地土壤类型的改良措施,合理发展和利用当地的土壤资源,对兰西县乃至整个东北地区的农业经济发展具有至关重要的作用。
本试验设在黑龙江省兰西县平山镇吉兴村,共设13个处理,利用不同有机物(料)对盐碱土进行改良,以玉米为指示作物,定期监测土壤的容重、水分、pH值、速效养分、阳离子交换量、碱化度、全盐量、土壤酶活性(脲酶、过氧化氢酶、转化酶)、有机质、活性有机质、碳库管理指数以及测定玉米产量。通过研究碱化草甸土的理化性状、碳库变化、土壤酶活性和玉米产量的变化及相关性,确定建立适合当地土壤改良的最佳模式。
根据田间试验和室内实验分析结果,应用SPSS软件进行方差分析和多重比较,得到如下结果:
1.不同改良措施均能改善土壤的物理性质,主要表现在:不同处理的土壤容重均较对照有了不同程度的降低,其中处理L:综合处理(浅翻深松+地膜覆盖+配方肥+牛粪+草炭+叶面肥)的效果最明显。草炭、糠醛渣、猪粪、牛粪处理效果次之,与对照处理之间也达到了差异显著水平;不同处理的土壤含水量和对照相比有了不同程度的提高,并随玉米生育期的变化呈现出一定的变化规律。
2.不同改良措施均能改善土壤的化学性质,主要表现在:提高土壤阳离子交换量,综合处理的效果最明显,与对照处理之间达到了差异显著水平,地膜覆盖、草炭、糠醛渣、牛粪、猪粪处理与对照相比也达到了差异显著水平;不同处理均能降低土壤的pH值、碱化度和土壤盐分含量,草炭、糠醛渣和综合处理效果最好,与对照处理间达到了差异显著水平;不同处理均能增强土壤有效氮磷钾营养元素的释放,综合处理的效果最好,草炭、猪粪、糠醛渣处理与对照处理也达到了差异显著水平。
3.不同处理均能不同程度的提高土壤脲酶、过氧化氢酶、转化酶的活性,其中综合处理的效果最好,草炭、糠醛渣处理的效果也很明显,与对照相比也达到了差异显著水平。
4.不同改良措施均能提高土壤的活性有机质以及土壤的相对碳库管理指数,提高土壤的碳库水平,说明这些改良措施对土壤有培肥作用使土壤性能向良性发展。综合处理处理效果最好。
5.从各指标间的相关性分析得出:土壤有机质与土壤含水量、阳离子代换量之间有很好的正相关性(相关系数R分别为:0.789~(**)、0.878~(**)),与土壤容重、盐分含量、碱化度和土壤pH值呈现出很好的负相关性(相关系数R分别为:0.880~(**)、0.625~*、0.732~(**)、0.633*)。
6.土壤盐分、土壤有机质与土壤酶活性之间有很好的相关性,土壤电导率与土壤脲酶呈乘幂关系(R=0.641~*);土壤电导率与过氧化氢酶呈线性关系(R=0.673~*):与土壤转化酶呈指数关系(R=0.677~(**))。土壤有机质与土壤脲酶呈线性正相关(R=0.896~(**));土壤有机质与土壤过氧化氢酶和转化酶呈对数关系(R分别为:0.928~(**)、0.943~(**))。
7.不同改良措施均能提高玉米产量,综合处理玉米产量最高,其次是草炭、猪粪、牛粪,与对照相比均达到了差异显著水平。
In recent years, with continued population growth and the rapid development of industry, leading to deterioration of ecological environment, soil salinity increasing, not only seriously affect the development of modern agriculture and animal husbandry, but also a serious threat of natural reaources,the biosphere and the ecological environment, so it is imminent to synthesize control saline-alkali soil problem.
There are distributed vast Saline soil reaourse in songnen plain in northeast of china, Lanxi county is located in the southeast of the songnen plain, there are mostly saline-alkali soil in western、northwest of Lanxi county, pH value are more than 8. And low organic matter content. Great input, output low, causing the level of agricultural production and farmers’per capita income long-term hovering at a low level, many farmers have not enough food and clothing, a considerable part of the place to abject povery. Therefore, the establishment of improvement measures adapted locally, rational development and utilization ofsaline-alkali soil of local resources is a vital role to Lanxi County as well as the entire northeast agriculture and economic development.
The test is located in Heilongjiang Province, Lanxi county Pingshan town jixing villages, there are thirteen treatments, using different organic compounds (materials) on saline-alkali soil to improve it, and put corn as the instruction crop. Some soil indexes—soil bulk density、water regime、soil pH、available nutrients、CEC、ESP、whole salt content、soil enzymatic activity(Urase,Catalase,Invertase)、organic matter、soil active matter、the carbon pool management index of soil and yiele of corn—were monitored periodicly.The best technology mode of improving saline-alkali soil was established through studying physico-chemical property of saline-alkali soil,carbon pool ,soil enzyme activities and changes of corn yield and relativity among all indexes.
According to field trial and indoor experiment results of the analysis, use software SPSS analysis of variance、multiple comparisons and stepwise regression statistical analysis ,obtained the following results:
1. Various improvement measures can improve the physical properties of the soil, Mainly in: the soil bulk density has varying degrees of lower than comparison treatment, treatment L: shallow turn subsoiling +mulching + fertilizers + peat+dung + foliar is the most obvious effect. The treatment of peat、furfural、pig、cow dung are followed the comprehensive treatment.Soil moisture of different treatments are improver than compared improvement,and with the changes in corn growth period has shown some variation.
2. Various improvement measures can improve the chemical properties of the soil, Mainly in: ehhanced the cation exchange capacity of the soil, and the comprehensive treatment is the most obvious effect treatment reached a significant difference with the compared treantment ,Mulching、peat、furfural、cow dung、pig manure treatment compared with the control has reached a significant difference.Different treatments can reduce the soil pH value ,CEC and soil content,peat、furfural and comprehensive treatment are better than others,and reached significant difference between the level of oters with the compared treatment. Different treatments can enhance the release of NPK nutrients, integrated approach is the best, manure,furfural treatment also achieved a significant level of difference.
3. Various improvement measures can improve the soil enzyme activity, mainly in:Soil urease, catalase, invertase than that of control has been improved to varying degrees.the treatment J: furfural. G: peat, L: shallow turn subsoiling +mulching + fertilizers + peat+dung + foliar is better than other treatment,and reached a significant level of different with the compared treatment.
4. Various improvement measures can enhance the activity of soil organic matter and carbon pool management index relative to raise the level of the soil carbon pool.It is showed that these inprovements have fertility effects on soil properties of the sound development of the soil. The comprehensive treatment had the best effect.
5. From the analysis of the correlation among the indicators derived: soil organic matter and soil moisture content, cation exchange capacity have good positive correlation(correlation coefficient R are as follows:0.789~(**)、0.878~(**)).soil organic matter and soil bulk density,salt content,basicity,and soil pH,showing a good negative correlation(correlation coefficient R are as follows:0.880~(**),0.625~*,0.732~(**),0.633~*).
6. Soil salinity, soil organic matter and soil enzyme activities have excellent correlation, soil electrical conductivity and soil urease was multiplied by apower relationship(R=0.641~*);soil electrical conductivity and catalase showed a linear relationship(R=0.673~*);with an exponential relationship between soil-converting enzyme(R=0.677~*). Soil organic matter and soil urease linear correlation(R=0.896~(**)); soil organic matter and soil catalase and invertase and invertase logarithmic relationship(R=0.928~(**); R=0.943~(**)).
7. Various improvement measures can improve the yield of corn,and different measures are researched the level of significant differences compared with contrastion treatment ,L: shallow turn subsoiling +mulching + fertilizers + peat+dung + foliar is the highest yield than other treatment. Followed by treatment peat、dung and pig manure , achieving a significant difference with the compared treatment.
我国东北的松嫩平原分布着广大的盐渍土资源,绥化市兰西县位于松嫩平原的东南部,在兰西县西部、西北部多为盐渍化土壤,pH值均超过8,有机质含量低。投入大、产出低,致使农业生产水平和农民人均收入长期在低水平上徘徊,很多农民至今尚未解决温饱,相当一部分村屯达到赤贫状态。因此,建立适应当地土壤类型的改良措施,合理发展和利用当地的土壤资源,对兰西县乃至整个东北地区的农业经济发展具有至关重要的作用。
本试验设在黑龙江省兰西县平山镇吉兴村,共设13个处理,利用不同有机物(料)对盐碱土进行改良,以玉米为指示作物,定期监测土壤的容重、水分、pH值、速效养分、阳离子交换量、碱化度、全盐量、土壤酶活性(脲酶、过氧化氢酶、转化酶)、有机质、活性有机质、碳库管理指数以及测定玉米产量。通过研究碱化草甸土的理化性状、碳库变化、土壤酶活性和玉米产量的变化及相关性,确定建立适合当地土壤改良的最佳模式。
根据田间试验和室内实验分析结果,应用SPSS软件进行方差分析和多重比较,得到如下结果:
1.不同改良措施均能改善土壤的物理性质,主要表现在:不同处理的土壤容重均较对照有了不同程度的降低,其中处理L:综合处理(浅翻深松+地膜覆盖+配方肥+牛粪+草炭+叶面肥)的效果最明显。草炭、糠醛渣、猪粪、牛粪处理效果次之,与对照处理之间也达到了差异显著水平;不同处理的土壤含水量和对照相比有了不同程度的提高,并随玉米生育期的变化呈现出一定的变化规律。
2.不同改良措施均能改善土壤的化学性质,主要表现在:提高土壤阳离子交换量,综合处理的效果最明显,与对照处理之间达到了差异显著水平,地膜覆盖、草炭、糠醛渣、牛粪、猪粪处理与对照相比也达到了差异显著水平;不同处理均能降低土壤的pH值、碱化度和土壤盐分含量,草炭、糠醛渣和综合处理效果最好,与对照处理间达到了差异显著水平;不同处理均能增强土壤有效氮磷钾营养元素的释放,综合处理的效果最好,草炭、猪粪、糠醛渣处理与对照处理也达到了差异显著水平。
3.不同处理均能不同程度的提高土壤脲酶、过氧化氢酶、转化酶的活性,其中综合处理的效果最好,草炭、糠醛渣处理的效果也很明显,与对照相比也达到了差异显著水平。
4.不同改良措施均能提高土壤的活性有机质以及土壤的相对碳库管理指数,提高土壤的碳库水平,说明这些改良措施对土壤有培肥作用使土壤性能向良性发展。综合处理处理效果最好。
5.从各指标间的相关性分析得出:土壤有机质与土壤含水量、阳离子代换量之间有很好的正相关性(相关系数R分别为:0.789~(**)、0.878~(**)),与土壤容重、盐分含量、碱化度和土壤pH值呈现出很好的负相关性(相关系数R分别为:0.880~(**)、0.625~*、0.732~(**)、0.633*)。
6.土壤盐分、土壤有机质与土壤酶活性之间有很好的相关性,土壤电导率与土壤脲酶呈乘幂关系(R=0.641~*);土壤电导率与过氧化氢酶呈线性关系(R=0.673~*):与土壤转化酶呈指数关系(R=0.677~(**))。土壤有机质与土壤脲酶呈线性正相关(R=0.896~(**));土壤有机质与土壤过氧化氢酶和转化酶呈对数关系(R分别为:0.928~(**)、0.943~(**))。
7.不同改良措施均能提高玉米产量,综合处理玉米产量最高,其次是草炭、猪粪、牛粪,与对照相比均达到了差异显著水平。
In recent years, with continued population growth and the rapid development of industry, leading to deterioration of ecological environment, soil salinity increasing, not only seriously affect the development of modern agriculture and animal husbandry, but also a serious threat of natural reaources,the biosphere and the ecological environment, so it is imminent to synthesize control saline-alkali soil problem.
There are distributed vast Saline soil reaourse in songnen plain in northeast of china, Lanxi county is located in the southeast of the songnen plain, there are mostly saline-alkali soil in western、northwest of Lanxi county, pH value are more than 8. And low organic matter content. Great input, output low, causing the level of agricultural production and farmers’per capita income long-term hovering at a low level, many farmers have not enough food and clothing, a considerable part of the place to abject povery. Therefore, the establishment of improvement measures adapted locally, rational development and utilization ofsaline-alkali soil of local resources is a vital role to Lanxi County as well as the entire northeast agriculture and economic development.
The test is located in Heilongjiang Province, Lanxi county Pingshan town jixing villages, there are thirteen treatments, using different organic compounds (materials) on saline-alkali soil to improve it, and put corn as the instruction crop. Some soil indexes—soil bulk density、water regime、soil pH、available nutrients、CEC、ESP、whole salt content、soil enzymatic activity(Urase,Catalase,Invertase)、organic matter、soil active matter、the carbon pool management index of soil and yiele of corn—were monitored periodicly.The best technology mode of improving saline-alkali soil was established through studying physico-chemical property of saline-alkali soil,carbon pool ,soil enzyme activities and changes of corn yield and relativity among all indexes.
According to field trial and indoor experiment results of the analysis, use software SPSS analysis of variance、multiple comparisons and stepwise regression statistical analysis ,obtained the following results:
1. Various improvement measures can improve the physical properties of the soil, Mainly in: the soil bulk density has varying degrees of lower than comparison treatment, treatment L: shallow turn subsoiling +mulching + fertilizers + peat+dung + foliar is the most obvious effect. The treatment of peat、furfural、pig、cow dung are followed the comprehensive treatment.Soil moisture of different treatments are improver than compared improvement,and with the changes in corn growth period has shown some variation.
2. Various improvement measures can improve the chemical properties of the soil, Mainly in: ehhanced the cation exchange capacity of the soil, and the comprehensive treatment is the most obvious effect treatment reached a significant difference with the compared treantment ,Mulching、peat、furfural、cow dung、pig manure treatment compared with the control has reached a significant difference.Different treatments can reduce the soil pH value ,CEC and soil content,peat、furfural and comprehensive treatment are better than others,and reached significant difference between the level of oters with the compared treatment. Different treatments can enhance the release of NPK nutrients, integrated approach is the best, manure,furfural treatment also achieved a significant level of difference.
3. Various improvement measures can improve the soil enzyme activity, mainly in:Soil urease, catalase, invertase than that of control has been improved to varying degrees.the treatment J: furfural. G: peat, L: shallow turn subsoiling +mulching + fertilizers + peat+dung + foliar is better than other treatment,and reached a significant level of different with the compared treatment.
4. Various improvement measures can enhance the activity of soil organic matter and carbon pool management index relative to raise the level of the soil carbon pool.It is showed that these inprovements have fertility effects on soil properties of the sound development of the soil. The comprehensive treatment had the best effect.
5. From the analysis of the correlation among the indicators derived: soil organic matter and soil moisture content, cation exchange capacity have good positive correlation(correlation coefficient R are as follows:0.789~(**)、0.878~(**)).soil organic matter and soil bulk density,salt content,basicity,and soil pH,showing a good negative correlation(correlation coefficient R are as follows:0.880~(**),0.625~*,0.732~(**),0.633~*).
6. Soil salinity, soil organic matter and soil enzyme activities have excellent correlation, soil electrical conductivity and soil urease was multiplied by apower relationship(R=0.641~*);soil electrical conductivity and catalase showed a linear relationship(R=0.673~*);with an exponential relationship between soil-converting enzyme(R=0.677~*). Soil organic matter and soil urease linear correlation(R=0.896~(**)); soil organic matter and soil catalase and invertase and invertase logarithmic relationship(R=0.928~(**); R=0.943~(**)).
7. Various improvement measures can improve the yield of corn,and different measures are researched the level of significant differences compared with contrastion treatment ,L: shallow turn subsoiling +mulching + fertilizers + peat+dung + foliar is the highest yield than other treatment. Followed by treatment peat、dung and pig manure , achieving a significant difference with the compared treatment.
引文
陈庆强,沈承德,易惟熙. 1998 .土壤碳循环研究进展[J].地球科学进展. 13(6):55~56
陈四清,崔骁勇,周广胜等. 1999 .内蒙古锡林河流域大针茅草原土壤呼吸和凋落物分解的CO_2排放速率研究[J].植物学报. 41(6):645~650
陈秀玲. 1985 .咸水灌溉土壤水盐动态与作物产量[A].国际盐渍土改良学术讨论会论文集[C].北京农业大学:408~415
陈竹生,聂华堂,计玉等. 1992 .柑橘种植的耐盐性鉴定[J].园艺学报. 19(4):289~295
崔骁勇,陈四清,陈佐忠. 2000 .大针茅典型草原土壤排放规律的研究.应用生态学报. 11(3):390~394
郜翻身,崔志样,樊润威,张三粉. 1997 .有机物料对盐碱化土壤的改良作用.土壤通报. 28(1):9~11
曹广民,李英年,张金霞. 2001 .高寒草甸不同土地利用格局土壤CO_2的释放量[J].环境科学. 22(6):14~19
陈国南. 1987 .用迈阿密模型测算我国生物生产量的初步尝试[J].自然资源学报. 2(3):270~278
葛滢等. 1990 .盐生植被在土壤积盐一脱盐过程中作用的初探[J].草业学报. (1) 70~76.
龚光炎,任素坤,张案菲,吴素娥. 1980 .土壤酶活性的测定方法.省农林科学院土肥所.河南农业科学. (12):8~9
郭继勋,姜世成,孙刚. 1998 .松嫩平原盐碱化草地治理方法的比较研究[J].应用生态学报. 9(4):425~428
贾树海,崔学明,李绍良等. 1996 .牧压梯度上土壤物化性质的变化[M].草原生态系统研究(第五集).北京:科学出版社, 12~16
李朝刚. 1999 .干旱高扬黄灌区盐碱地恢复治理[J].干旱区研究. 16(1):57~61
郭继勋,姜世成,孙刚. 1998 .松嫩平原盐碱化草地治理方法的比较研究[J].应用生态学报. 9(4):425~428
郭继勋. 1994 .羊草草原分解者亚系统[M] .长春:吉林大学出版社, 57~66
侯光良. 1990 .用筑后模型估算我国植物气候生产力[J].自然资源学报. 5(1):60~65
黄德华,陈佐忠,张鸿芳. 1988 .贝加尔针茅、克氏针茅、线叶菊草原地下生物量的比较研究[A].草原生态系统(第2集)[C].北京:科学出版社, 122~133
黄德华,尹承军,陈佐忠. 1997 .内蒙古典型草原凋落物的形成、分解与积累[A].草原生态系统研究第5集[C].北京:科学出版社, 179~188
李建东,郑惠莹. 1995 .松嫩平原盐碱化草地改良治理的研究.东北师大学报. 27(1):110~115
李金花,潘浩文,王刚. 2004 .内蒙古典型草原退化原因的初探[J].草业科学.21(5):49~51
李琳,李素娟,张海林. 2006 .保护性耕作下土壤碳库管理指数的研究[J].水土保持学报. 20(3):106~109
李玲玲,黄高宝,张仁陟等. 2005 .不同保护性耕作措施对旱作农田土壤水分的影响[J].生态学报. 25(9):2326~2332
李凌浩,陈佐忠. 1998 .草地生态系统碳循环及其对全球变化的响应[J].植物学报. (2):14~22
李凌浩. 1998 .土地利用变化对草原生态系统土壤碳贮量的影响[J].植物生态学报. 22(4):300~302
李取生,李秀军,李晓军,王志春,宋长春,章光新. 2003 .松嫩平原苏打盐碱地治理与利用[J].资源科学. 25(1):15~20
李霞. 1993 .运用Holdridge植被-气候分类系统进行中国植被对全球气候变化响应的研究[A].植被数量生态学开放实验室年报[C].北京:中科院植物所.110~120
李新举,张志国. 1999 .秸杆覆盖对盐渍土水分状况影响的模拟研究[J].土壤通报. 30(4):176~177
林葆,林继雄,李家康. 1996 .长期施肥作物产量和土壤肥力变化[M].北京:农业科技出版社, 1~179
林启美,吴玉光,刘焕龙. 1999 .熏蒸法测定土壤微生物量碳的改进.生态学杂志. 18(2):63~66
刘纪远,于贵瑞,王绍强. 2003 .陆地生态系统循环及其机理研究的地球信息科学方法初探[J].地理研究. 22(4):397~405
路浩,王海泽. 2004 .盐碱土治理利用研究进展[J].现代化农业. (8)10~12
吕殿青,王文焰,王全九. 1999 .入渗与蒸发条件下土壤水盐运移的研究.水土保持研究. 6(2):61~66
罗天祥,李文华,冷允法等. 1998 .青藏高原自然植被总生物量的与净初级生产量的潜在分布[J].地理研究. 17(6):337~344
罗天祥,李文华,罗辑等. 1999 .青藏高原主要植被类型生物生产量的比较研究[J].生态学报. 19(6):823~831
马献发. 2006 .快速改良苏打草甸碱土最佳技术模式研究.东北农业大学硕士研究生论文(6)3
毛建华. 1984 .碱性水和咸水灌溉对土壤的影响及其改造与利用研究[J].土壤学报. (1):20~24
牛东玲,王启基. 2002 .盐碱地治理研究进展[J].土壤通报. (6): 449~455
朴世龙,方精云,郭庆华. 2001 .利用CASA模型估算我国植被净第一性生产力[J].植物生态学报. 5(3):603~609
秦嘉海,吕彪,赵芸晨. 2004 .河西走廊盐土资源及耐盐牧草改土培肥效应的研究[J].土壤. 36(1):71~75
任继周. 1995 .草地农业生态学[M].北京:中国农业出版社, 32~57
沙霍夫. 1958 .植物的挑盐性(韩国尧译).科学出版社, 58~60
尚宗波,高琼,王仁忠. 2002 .松嫩草地土壤水分及盐溃化动态的模拟研究[J].土壤学报. 39 (3):375-383
沈宏,曹志宏,胡正义. 1999 .土壤活性有机碳的表征及其生态效应[J].生态学杂志. 18(3):32~38
盛连喜,马逊风,王志平. 2002 .松嫩平原盐碱化土地的修复与调控研究.东北师大学报. 34(1):30~35
石元亮,王晶,李晓云. 2001 .盐溃土区域水分调控与综合治理研究进展.土壤通报.(6):102~105
汤洁,李月芬,林年丰,郭平,杨有德. 2004 .应用生物技术改良退化土壤的效果一以黄花草木樨改良盐碱化土壤为例[J].生态环境. 13(1):51~53
王宝山,邹琦,赵可夫. 2000 .NaCl胁迫对高粱不同器官离子含量的影响[J].作物学报. 26(6):845-850
王诠庄,徐树贞. 1989 .麦田秸杆覆盖的作用及其节水效应的初步研究[J].干旱地区农业研究. (2):7~15
王艳芬,陈佐忠, LarryT.Tieszen. 1998 .人类活动对锡林郭勒地区主要草原土壤有机碳分布的影响[J].植物生态学报. 22(6):545~551
王有华,王素霞. 1994 .东北地区盐碱灾害及其治理[J].东北水利水电. (10):27~30
王娓,郭继勋. 2002 .东北松嫩平原羊草群落的土壤呼吸与枯枝落叶分解释放CO2贡献量.生态学报. 22(5):655~660
王志春,李取生,李秀军,宋长春,章光新. 2004 .松嫩平原盐碱化土地治理与农业持续发展对策.中国生态农业学报. 12(2):161~163
王遵亲. 1993 .中国盐渍土[M].北京:科学出版社, 80~91
吴建国,张小全,徐德应. 2004 .六盘山林区几种土地利用方式下土壤活性有机碳的比较.植物生态学报. 28(5):657~664
王志春,裘善文. 2002 .吉林省西部盐碱化土地治理对策.农业与技术. 22(5):6~9
王治富,于风华,张树德,于洪波,龙显助. 2002 .松嫩平原土壤盐碱化防治措施.防护林科技. (1):80~81
吴景贵,姜岩,姜亦梅等. 1998 .非腐解有机物培肥对水田土壤生物量态碳、氮的影响[J].土壤通报,29(4):158~160
谢德体,魏朝富,杨剑红. 1994 .自然免耕下的稻田生态系统[J].应用生态学报. 5(4):415~421
徐明岗,于荣,孙小凤等. 2006 .长期施肥对我国典型土壤活性有机质及碳库管理指数的影响[J].植物营养与肥料学报. 12(4):459~465
徐明岗,于荣,王伯仁. 2000 .土壤活性有机质的研究进展[J].土壤肥料. (6):3~7
薛峰,杨劲松. 1997 .劣质水的灌溉利用[J].土壤. (5):240~245
杨福囤. 1988 .矮嵩草草甸生物量季节动态与年间动态[A].中国科学院西北高原生物研究所.高寒草甸生态系统国际学术讨论会文集[C].北京:科学出版社, 61~71
杨海儒,宫伟光. 2008 .不同土壤改良剂对松嫩平原盐碱土理化性质的影响.安徽农业科学. 36(20):8715~8716
杨晶,李凌浩. 2003 .土壤呼吸及其测定法.植物杂志. (5):36~37
杨柳青. 1994 .新疆盐碱土的改良技术.新疆农业科技. (4):27
杨雅杰. 2003 .松嫩平原盐渍土地下水盐分动态变化及改良措施.黑龙江农业科学. (1):15~17
姚荣江,杨劲松,刘广明. 2006 .东北地区盐碱土特征及其农业生物治理.土壤. 38(3):256~262
易志刚,蚁伟民,周丽霞等. 2005 .鼎湖山主要植被类型土壤微生物生物量研究[J].生态环境. 14(5):727~729
尹承军,黄德华,陈佐忠. 1994 .内蒙古典型草原4种植物凋落物分解速率与因子之间的定量关系[J].生态学报. 14(2):149~154
于荣,徐明岗,王伯仁. 2005 .土壤活性有机质测定方法的比较.土壤肥料. (2):49~52
俞慎,李勇,王俊华等. 1999 .土壤微生物作为红壤质量生物指标的探讨[J].土壤学报. 36(3):413~421
俞慎,李振高. 1994 .薰蒸提取法测定土壤微生物量研究进展[J].土壤学进展. 22(6):42~50
张金霞,曹广民,周党卫,赵新全,周兴民. 2001 .退化草地暗沃寒冻雏形土CO_2释放的日变化和季节动态[J].土壤学报. 38(1):32~38
张金柱,张兴,郭春景,杨琼博,王磊,刘丽馥. 2007 .生物有机肥对轻度盐碱土理化性质影响的研究[J].生物技术. 17(6):73~75
张为政,高琼. 1994 .松嫩平原羊草草地土壤水盐运动规律的研究[J].植物生态学报. 18:132~139
张宪洲. 1992 .我国自然植被的净第一性生产力的估算与分布[J].自然资源. (1):15~21
周广胜,张新时. 1995 .自然植被净的第一性生产力模型初探[J].植物学报. 19:193~200
周广胜,张新时. 1995 .自然植被净第一性生产力模型初探[J].植物学报. (19):193~200
周广胜,张新时. 1996 .全球气候变化的中国植被的净第一性生产力研究[J].植物学报. (20):11~19
赵吉,廖仰南,张桂芝. 1994 .羊草不同物候期植株及凋落物回收草原的土壤微生物活性效应[J].内蒙古大学学报. 25(3):300~304
赵可夫,李法曾. 1999 .中国盐生植物[M].北京:科学出版社, 25~33
赵可夫,李军. 1999 .盐浓度对3种单子叶盐生植物渗透调节剂及其在渗透调节中贡献的影响[J].植物学报. 41(12):1287~1292
郑慧莹,李建东. 1999 .松嫩平原盐生植物与盐碱化草地的恢复.科学出版社, 14~16
周广胜,郑元润,陈四清等. 1998 .自然植被净第一性生产力模型及其应用[J].林业科学. 34(5):2~11
周立,王祖望. 1995 .高寒草甸生态系统研究的若干数学模拟模型[J].北京科学出版社,112~122
朱志辉. 1993 .自然植被的净第一性生产力估算模型[J].科学通报. 38:1422~1426
Afifi M Y, Ahmed A T, Atyia N M. 1998 .Effect of some management practices on regime of soils under irrigation with diluted sea-water[J]. Journal of Soil and Water Conservation.38(1):413~424
Aguilar R, Kelly E F, Heil R D. 1988 .Effects of cultivation on soils in northern Great Plains rangeland[J]. Soil Science Society of America Journal. 52:1081-1085
Anderson, D.W., and D.C. Coleman. 2010 .The dynamics of organic matter in grassland soils. Journal of Soil and Water Conservation. 40:11~16
Bhatti AU, KhanGurmani AH, Khan MJ. 2005 .Effect oforganic manurechemical amendments on soilproperties and crop yield on a salt affected Entisol. Pedosphere. 15(1):46~51
COLEMAN D C, RCID C P P, COLE C. 1983 .Biological strategies of nutrient cycling in soil systems[J]. Adrances in Ecological Research. 13:1~55
CouplandP. 1979 .Grassland ecosystems of the world analysis of grassland sand the iruses[M]. London:CambridgeUniversityPress, 26~42
Davidson, E. A., and I. L. Ackerman. 1993 .Changes in soil carbon inventories following cultivation of previously unfilled soils. Biogeochemistry. 20:161~193
Dawson HJ, Ugolini FC, Hrutfiord BF,et al. 1978 .Role of soluble organics in the soil processes of a podzol Central Cascades[J].Soil Sci. 126:290~296
Eswaran H, E Vanden berg, P Reich. 1993 .Organic C in soils of the world [J]. Journal of Soil Science Society of America. 57:192~194
Fnkarek, F. 1964 .Pflanzeneoziologie. Berlin.18~20
Guggenberger G, Glaser B, Zech W. 1994 .Heavy metal binding By hydrophobic and hydrophilic dissolved organic fractions in a spodosol A and B horizon[J]. Water Air Soil Pollut. 72:111~127
HaynesRJ, Beare M H. 1996 .Aggregation and organic matter storageinmes other mal,humidsoils[C]. In:CarterMR,Stewart BA,Eds. Advances in soil science. Structure and organic matter storagein agriculture soils[M]. CRCLewisPublishers,Bo-caRaton
HEMA S, SINGH K P. 1993 .Effect of residue placement and chemicalfertilizer on soil microbial biomsaa under tropical drylandcultivation[J]. Biology and Fertility of Soils. 16:275~281
Houghton J T, Jenkins G J, Ephraums J J. 1999 .Climate change. The IPCC science assessment. New York: Cambridge University Press, 112~214
Houghton R A. 1995 .Changes in the storage of terrestrial carbon since 1850[A]. Lai R.et al. Soils and Global Change [C]. Boca Raton, Florida:C RC Press, Inc. 45~65
Hussain N, Ali A, Sarwar G, Mujeeb F, Tahir M. 2003 .Mechanism of salt tolerance in rice. Pedosphere. 13(3):233~238
Innis G S. 1978 .Ecological studies 26 grassland simulation model[J]. Soil Sci Soc Am J. 51:1173~1179
J W O’Leary, E P Glenn, M C Watson. 1985 .Agricultural Production of halophytes irrigated with seawater[J]. Plant and Soil. 89(1-3):311~322
Jenkinson DS ,Rayner JH. 1977 .The turnover of soil organic matterin some of theRothamsted classical experiments. SoilScience. 123:298~305
Kalbitz K, Solinger S, Park JH,et al. 2000 .Controls on thedynamics of dissolved organic matter in soils: A review[J]. SoilSci.. 165:277~304
Lefroy RDB, Blair GJ, Strong WM. 1993 . Changes in soil organic mater with cropping as measured by organic carbon fractions and 13C natural is tope abundance [J]. Plantand Soil. 155/156:399~402
Lefroy RDB, LisleL. 1997 .Soil organic carbon changes in cracking clay soils under cotton production asstudied by carbon fractionation. Australian Journal of Agricultural Research. 48:1049~1058
Levine J S, W R Cofer, J P Pinto. 1993 .Biomass burning [A]. Khalil. Atmospheric Methane:Sources, Sinks, and Role in Global Change [C]. New York: Springer-Verlag, 229~313
Logninow W, WisniewskiW, Strony WM, etal. 1987 .Fractionation of organic carbon based on susceptibility to oxidation. Polish Journal of SoilScience. 20:47~52
Meyer JL, Edwards RT, Risley R. 1987 .Bacterial growth ondissolved organic carbon from blackwater river[J]. Microb.Ecol. 13:13~29
NSABIMANA D, HAYNES R J, WALLIS F M 200. Size, activity andcatabolic diversity of the soil microbial biomass as affected by land use[J]. Applied Soil Ecology. 26:81~92
OCIO J A, BROOKES P C. 1990 .An evaluation of methods for measuring the microbial biomass in soiIs following recent additions of wheat strawand the characterization of the biomass that develops [J]. Soil BiolBiochem. 22:685~694
Ojima D S, Dirks B O M, Gleovn E P, Owensby C E. 1993 .Assessment of C budget for grasslands and drylands of the world [J]. Water, Air,and Soil Pollution. 70:95~109
Parton W J, Scurlock J M O, Ojima D S. 1993 .Observation and modeling of biomass and soil organic matter dynamics for the grassland biome worldwide[J]. Global Biogeochem Cycles. 7:785~809
Prentice I C. 1993 .Biome modeling and the carbon cycle[A]. Heiman M,ed. NATO ASI Series I In:The Global carbon cycle[C]. Springer-Verlag:Berlin, (15):219~238
Qualls RG, Haines BL. 1991 .Geochemistry of dissolved organic Nutrients in water percolating through a forest ecosystem[J]. Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. 55:1112~1123
Raich J W, Schlesinger W H. 1992 .The global dioxide flux in soil respiration and its relationship to vegetation and climate[J]. Tellus. (44):81~99
Rhoades J D, Loveday J. 1990 .Salinity in irrigated Agriculture.Irrigation of Agricultural crops-Agronomy monograph[M], No. 30 ASA-CSSA-SSSA
Risser D.G, E. C. Biney, H. D. Blocker, S. W. May (eds). 1981. The true prairie ecosystem. Hutchinson Ross Publ. Comp. Stroudsburg/Pennsylvania. 244~246
SALINAS-GARRIA J R, HONS F M, MATOCHA J E. et al. 1997 .Soilcarbon and nitrogen dynamics as affected by long-term tillage andnitrogen fertilization[J]. Biology and Fertility of Soils. 25:182~188
Schlesinger W H. 1985 .An overview of the global carbon cycle [A]. Lai R et al.Soils and Global Change [C]. CRC Press,Inc. Boca Raton,Florida.1995.9~25
Spedding C R W. 1981 .Boilogical efficiency in agriculture[J]. Applied Science PublishersL T D. 27:44~49
Vitousek P M, Mooney H A, Lubcheco J et al. 1997 .Human domination of earth’s ecosystems [J]. Science. 277:494~499
WANDER M M, TRAINA S J, STINNER B R, et al. 1994 .The effects of organic and conventional management on biologically active soil organic matter fractions[J]. Soil Science Society of America Journal. 58:1130~1139
Watson R T,Verardo D J. 2000 .Land–use change and forestry [M]. Cambridge University Press,145~153
WBGU Special Report. 1998 .The accounting of biological sinks and sources under the Kyoto Protocol [C]. Soil physical fertility and carbon. 18:130~139
Whitbread AM, Blair GJ, Lefroy RDB. 2000 .Managing legumeleys, residue sand fertilizers to enhance the sustain ability of wheat cropping systems in Australia. Soil&Tillage Research. 54:77~89
陈四清,崔骁勇,周广胜等. 1999 .内蒙古锡林河流域大针茅草原土壤呼吸和凋落物分解的CO_2排放速率研究[J].植物学报. 41(6):645~650
陈秀玲. 1985 .咸水灌溉土壤水盐动态与作物产量[A].国际盐渍土改良学术讨论会论文集[C].北京农业大学:408~415
陈竹生,聂华堂,计玉等. 1992 .柑橘种植的耐盐性鉴定[J].园艺学报. 19(4):289~295
崔骁勇,陈四清,陈佐忠. 2000 .大针茅典型草原土壤排放规律的研究.应用生态学报. 11(3):390~394
郜翻身,崔志样,樊润威,张三粉. 1997 .有机物料对盐碱化土壤的改良作用.土壤通报. 28(1):9~11
曹广民,李英年,张金霞. 2001 .高寒草甸不同土地利用格局土壤CO_2的释放量[J].环境科学. 22(6):14~19
陈国南. 1987 .用迈阿密模型测算我国生物生产量的初步尝试[J].自然资源学报. 2(3):270~278
葛滢等. 1990 .盐生植被在土壤积盐一脱盐过程中作用的初探[J].草业学报. (1) 70~76.
龚光炎,任素坤,张案菲,吴素娥. 1980 .土壤酶活性的测定方法.省农林科学院土肥所.河南农业科学. (12):8~9
郭继勋,姜世成,孙刚. 1998 .松嫩平原盐碱化草地治理方法的比较研究[J].应用生态学报. 9(4):425~428
贾树海,崔学明,李绍良等. 1996 .牧压梯度上土壤物化性质的变化[M].草原生态系统研究(第五集).北京:科学出版社, 12~16
李朝刚. 1999 .干旱高扬黄灌区盐碱地恢复治理[J].干旱区研究. 16(1):57~61
郭继勋,姜世成,孙刚. 1998 .松嫩平原盐碱化草地治理方法的比较研究[J].应用生态学报. 9(4):425~428
郭继勋. 1994 .羊草草原分解者亚系统[M] .长春:吉林大学出版社, 57~66
侯光良. 1990 .用筑后模型估算我国植物气候生产力[J].自然资源学报. 5(1):60~65
黄德华,陈佐忠,张鸿芳. 1988 .贝加尔针茅、克氏针茅、线叶菊草原地下生物量的比较研究[A].草原生态系统(第2集)[C].北京:科学出版社, 122~133
黄德华,尹承军,陈佐忠. 1997 .内蒙古典型草原凋落物的形成、分解与积累[A].草原生态系统研究第5集[C].北京:科学出版社, 179~188
李建东,郑惠莹. 1995 .松嫩平原盐碱化草地改良治理的研究.东北师大学报. 27(1):110~115
李金花,潘浩文,王刚. 2004 .内蒙古典型草原退化原因的初探[J].草业科学.21(5):49~51
李琳,李素娟,张海林. 2006 .保护性耕作下土壤碳库管理指数的研究[J].水土保持学报. 20(3):106~109
李玲玲,黄高宝,张仁陟等. 2005 .不同保护性耕作措施对旱作农田土壤水分的影响[J].生态学报. 25(9):2326~2332
李凌浩,陈佐忠. 1998 .草地生态系统碳循环及其对全球变化的响应[J].植物学报. (2):14~22
李凌浩. 1998 .土地利用变化对草原生态系统土壤碳贮量的影响[J].植物生态学报. 22(4):300~302
李取生,李秀军,李晓军,王志春,宋长春,章光新. 2003 .松嫩平原苏打盐碱地治理与利用[J].资源科学. 25(1):15~20
李霞. 1993 .运用Holdridge植被-气候分类系统进行中国植被对全球气候变化响应的研究[A].植被数量生态学开放实验室年报[C].北京:中科院植物所.110~120
李新举,张志国. 1999 .秸杆覆盖对盐渍土水分状况影响的模拟研究[J].土壤通报. 30(4):176~177
林葆,林继雄,李家康. 1996 .长期施肥作物产量和土壤肥力变化[M].北京:农业科技出版社, 1~179
林启美,吴玉光,刘焕龙. 1999 .熏蒸法测定土壤微生物量碳的改进.生态学杂志. 18(2):63~66
刘纪远,于贵瑞,王绍强. 2003 .陆地生态系统循环及其机理研究的地球信息科学方法初探[J].地理研究. 22(4):397~405
路浩,王海泽. 2004 .盐碱土治理利用研究进展[J].现代化农业. (8)10~12
吕殿青,王文焰,王全九. 1999 .入渗与蒸发条件下土壤水盐运移的研究.水土保持研究. 6(2):61~66
罗天祥,李文华,冷允法等. 1998 .青藏高原自然植被总生物量的与净初级生产量的潜在分布[J].地理研究. 17(6):337~344
罗天祥,李文华,罗辑等. 1999 .青藏高原主要植被类型生物生产量的比较研究[J].生态学报. 19(6):823~831
马献发. 2006 .快速改良苏打草甸碱土最佳技术模式研究.东北农业大学硕士研究生论文(6)3
毛建华. 1984 .碱性水和咸水灌溉对土壤的影响及其改造与利用研究[J].土壤学报. (1):20~24
牛东玲,王启基. 2002 .盐碱地治理研究进展[J].土壤通报. (6): 449~455
朴世龙,方精云,郭庆华. 2001 .利用CASA模型估算我国植被净第一性生产力[J].植物生态学报. 5(3):603~609
秦嘉海,吕彪,赵芸晨. 2004 .河西走廊盐土资源及耐盐牧草改土培肥效应的研究[J].土壤. 36(1):71~75
任继周. 1995 .草地农业生态学[M].北京:中国农业出版社, 32~57
沙霍夫. 1958 .植物的挑盐性(韩国尧译).科学出版社, 58~60
尚宗波,高琼,王仁忠. 2002 .松嫩草地土壤水分及盐溃化动态的模拟研究[J].土壤学报. 39 (3):375-383
沈宏,曹志宏,胡正义. 1999 .土壤活性有机碳的表征及其生态效应[J].生态学杂志. 18(3):32~38
盛连喜,马逊风,王志平. 2002 .松嫩平原盐碱化土地的修复与调控研究.东北师大学报. 34(1):30~35
石元亮,王晶,李晓云. 2001 .盐溃土区域水分调控与综合治理研究进展.土壤通报.(6):102~105
汤洁,李月芬,林年丰,郭平,杨有德. 2004 .应用生物技术改良退化土壤的效果一以黄花草木樨改良盐碱化土壤为例[J].生态环境. 13(1):51~53
王宝山,邹琦,赵可夫. 2000 .NaCl胁迫对高粱不同器官离子含量的影响[J].作物学报. 26(6):845-850
王诠庄,徐树贞. 1989 .麦田秸杆覆盖的作用及其节水效应的初步研究[J].干旱地区农业研究. (2):7~15
王艳芬,陈佐忠, LarryT.Tieszen. 1998 .人类活动对锡林郭勒地区主要草原土壤有机碳分布的影响[J].植物生态学报. 22(6):545~551
王有华,王素霞. 1994 .东北地区盐碱灾害及其治理[J].东北水利水电. (10):27~30
王娓,郭继勋. 2002 .东北松嫩平原羊草群落的土壤呼吸与枯枝落叶分解释放CO2贡献量.生态学报. 22(5):655~660
王志春,李取生,李秀军,宋长春,章光新. 2004 .松嫩平原盐碱化土地治理与农业持续发展对策.中国生态农业学报. 12(2):161~163
王遵亲. 1993 .中国盐渍土[M].北京:科学出版社, 80~91
吴建国,张小全,徐德应. 2004 .六盘山林区几种土地利用方式下土壤活性有机碳的比较.植物生态学报. 28(5):657~664
王志春,裘善文. 2002 .吉林省西部盐碱化土地治理对策.农业与技术. 22(5):6~9
王治富,于风华,张树德,于洪波,龙显助. 2002 .松嫩平原土壤盐碱化防治措施.防护林科技. (1):80~81
吴景贵,姜岩,姜亦梅等. 1998 .非腐解有机物培肥对水田土壤生物量态碳、氮的影响[J].土壤通报,29(4):158~160
谢德体,魏朝富,杨剑红. 1994 .自然免耕下的稻田生态系统[J].应用生态学报. 5(4):415~421
徐明岗,于荣,孙小凤等. 2006 .长期施肥对我国典型土壤活性有机质及碳库管理指数的影响[J].植物营养与肥料学报. 12(4):459~465
徐明岗,于荣,王伯仁. 2000 .土壤活性有机质的研究进展[J].土壤肥料. (6):3~7
薛峰,杨劲松. 1997 .劣质水的灌溉利用[J].土壤. (5):240~245
杨福囤. 1988 .矮嵩草草甸生物量季节动态与年间动态[A].中国科学院西北高原生物研究所.高寒草甸生态系统国际学术讨论会文集[C].北京:科学出版社, 61~71
杨海儒,宫伟光. 2008 .不同土壤改良剂对松嫩平原盐碱土理化性质的影响.安徽农业科学. 36(20):8715~8716
杨晶,李凌浩. 2003 .土壤呼吸及其测定法.植物杂志. (5):36~37
杨柳青. 1994 .新疆盐碱土的改良技术.新疆农业科技. (4):27
杨雅杰. 2003 .松嫩平原盐渍土地下水盐分动态变化及改良措施.黑龙江农业科学. (1):15~17
姚荣江,杨劲松,刘广明. 2006 .东北地区盐碱土特征及其农业生物治理.土壤. 38(3):256~262
易志刚,蚁伟民,周丽霞等. 2005 .鼎湖山主要植被类型土壤微生物生物量研究[J].生态环境. 14(5):727~729
尹承军,黄德华,陈佐忠. 1994 .内蒙古典型草原4种植物凋落物分解速率与因子之间的定量关系[J].生态学报. 14(2):149~154
于荣,徐明岗,王伯仁. 2005 .土壤活性有机质测定方法的比较.土壤肥料. (2):49~52
俞慎,李勇,王俊华等. 1999 .土壤微生物作为红壤质量生物指标的探讨[J].土壤学报. 36(3):413~421
俞慎,李振高. 1994 .薰蒸提取法测定土壤微生物量研究进展[J].土壤学进展. 22(6):42~50
张金霞,曹广民,周党卫,赵新全,周兴民. 2001 .退化草地暗沃寒冻雏形土CO_2释放的日变化和季节动态[J].土壤学报. 38(1):32~38
张金柱,张兴,郭春景,杨琼博,王磊,刘丽馥. 2007 .生物有机肥对轻度盐碱土理化性质影响的研究[J].生物技术. 17(6):73~75
张为政,高琼. 1994 .松嫩平原羊草草地土壤水盐运动规律的研究[J].植物生态学报. 18:132~139
张宪洲. 1992 .我国自然植被的净第一性生产力的估算与分布[J].自然资源. (1):15~21
周广胜,张新时. 1995 .自然植被净的第一性生产力模型初探[J].植物学报. 19:193~200
周广胜,张新时. 1995 .自然植被净第一性生产力模型初探[J].植物学报. (19):193~200
周广胜,张新时. 1996 .全球气候变化的中国植被的净第一性生产力研究[J].植物学报. (20):11~19
赵吉,廖仰南,张桂芝. 1994 .羊草不同物候期植株及凋落物回收草原的土壤微生物活性效应[J].内蒙古大学学报. 25(3):300~304
赵可夫,李法曾. 1999 .中国盐生植物[M].北京:科学出版社, 25~33
赵可夫,李军. 1999 .盐浓度对3种单子叶盐生植物渗透调节剂及其在渗透调节中贡献的影响[J].植物学报. 41(12):1287~1292
郑慧莹,李建东. 1999 .松嫩平原盐生植物与盐碱化草地的恢复.科学出版社, 14~16
周广胜,郑元润,陈四清等. 1998 .自然植被净第一性生产力模型及其应用[J].林业科学. 34(5):2~11
周立,王祖望. 1995 .高寒草甸生态系统研究的若干数学模拟模型[J].北京科学出版社,112~122
朱志辉. 1993 .自然植被的净第一性生产力估算模型[J].科学通报. 38:1422~1426
Afifi M Y, Ahmed A T, Atyia N M. 1998 .Effect of some management practices on regime of soils under irrigation with diluted sea-water[J]. Journal of Soil and Water Conservation.38(1):413~424
Aguilar R, Kelly E F, Heil R D. 1988 .Effects of cultivation on soils in northern Great Plains rangeland[J]. Soil Science Society of America Journal. 52:1081-1085
Anderson, D.W., and D.C. Coleman. 2010 .The dynamics of organic matter in grassland soils. Journal of Soil and Water Conservation. 40:11~16
Bhatti AU, KhanGurmani AH, Khan MJ. 2005 .Effect oforganic manurechemical amendments on soilproperties and crop yield on a salt affected Entisol. Pedosphere. 15(1):46~51
COLEMAN D C, RCID C P P, COLE C. 1983 .Biological strategies of nutrient cycling in soil systems[J]. Adrances in Ecological Research. 13:1~55
CouplandP. 1979 .Grassland ecosystems of the world analysis of grassland sand the iruses[M]. London:CambridgeUniversityPress, 26~42
Davidson, E. A., and I. L. Ackerman. 1993 .Changes in soil carbon inventories following cultivation of previously unfilled soils. Biogeochemistry. 20:161~193
Dawson HJ, Ugolini FC, Hrutfiord BF,et al. 1978 .Role of soluble organics in the soil processes of a podzol Central Cascades[J].Soil Sci. 126:290~296
Eswaran H, E Vanden berg, P Reich. 1993 .Organic C in soils of the world [J]. Journal of Soil Science Society of America. 57:192~194
Fnkarek, F. 1964 .Pflanzeneoziologie. Berlin.18~20
Guggenberger G, Glaser B, Zech W. 1994 .Heavy metal binding By hydrophobic and hydrophilic dissolved organic fractions in a spodosol A and B horizon[J]. Water Air Soil Pollut. 72:111~127
HaynesRJ, Beare M H. 1996 .Aggregation and organic matter storageinmes other mal,humidsoils[C]. In:CarterMR,Stewart BA,Eds. Advances in soil science. Structure and organic matter storagein agriculture soils[M]. CRCLewisPublishers,Bo-caRaton
HEMA S, SINGH K P. 1993 .Effect of residue placement and chemicalfertilizer on soil microbial biomsaa under tropical drylandcultivation[J]. Biology and Fertility of Soils. 16:275~281
Houghton J T, Jenkins G J, Ephraums J J. 1999 .Climate change. The IPCC science assessment. New York: Cambridge University Press, 112~214
Houghton R A. 1995 .Changes in the storage of terrestrial carbon since 1850[A]. Lai R.et al. Soils and Global Change [C]. Boca Raton, Florida:C RC Press, Inc. 45~65
Hussain N, Ali A, Sarwar G, Mujeeb F, Tahir M. 2003 .Mechanism of salt tolerance in rice. Pedosphere. 13(3):233~238
Innis G S. 1978 .Ecological studies 26 grassland simulation model[J]. Soil Sci Soc Am J. 51:1173~1179
J W O’Leary, E P Glenn, M C Watson. 1985 .Agricultural Production of halophytes irrigated with seawater[J]. Plant and Soil. 89(1-3):311~322
Jenkinson DS ,Rayner JH. 1977 .The turnover of soil organic matterin some of theRothamsted classical experiments. SoilScience. 123:298~305
Kalbitz K, Solinger S, Park JH,et al. 2000 .Controls on thedynamics of dissolved organic matter in soils: A review[J]. SoilSci.. 165:277~304
Lefroy RDB, Blair GJ, Strong WM. 1993 . Changes in soil organic mater with cropping as measured by organic carbon fractions and 13C natural is tope abundance [J]. Plantand Soil. 155/156:399~402
Lefroy RDB, LisleL. 1997 .Soil organic carbon changes in cracking clay soils under cotton production asstudied by carbon fractionation. Australian Journal of Agricultural Research. 48:1049~1058
Levine J S, W R Cofer, J P Pinto. 1993 .Biomass burning [A]. Khalil. Atmospheric Methane:Sources, Sinks, and Role in Global Change [C]. New York: Springer-Verlag, 229~313
Logninow W, WisniewskiW, Strony WM, etal. 1987 .Fractionation of organic carbon based on susceptibility to oxidation. Polish Journal of SoilScience. 20:47~52
Meyer JL, Edwards RT, Risley R. 1987 .Bacterial growth ondissolved organic carbon from blackwater river[J]. Microb.Ecol. 13:13~29
NSABIMANA D, HAYNES R J, WALLIS F M 200. Size, activity andcatabolic diversity of the soil microbial biomass as affected by land use[J]. Applied Soil Ecology. 26:81~92
OCIO J A, BROOKES P C. 1990 .An evaluation of methods for measuring the microbial biomass in soiIs following recent additions of wheat strawand the characterization of the biomass that develops [J]. Soil BiolBiochem. 22:685~694
Ojima D S, Dirks B O M, Gleovn E P, Owensby C E. 1993 .Assessment of C budget for grasslands and drylands of the world [J]. Water, Air,and Soil Pollution. 70:95~109
Parton W J, Scurlock J M O, Ojima D S. 1993 .Observation and modeling of biomass and soil organic matter dynamics for the grassland biome worldwide[J]. Global Biogeochem Cycles. 7:785~809
Prentice I C. 1993 .Biome modeling and the carbon cycle[A]. Heiman M,ed. NATO ASI Series I In:The Global carbon cycle[C]. Springer-Verlag:Berlin, (15):219~238
Qualls RG, Haines BL. 1991 .Geochemistry of dissolved organic Nutrients in water percolating through a forest ecosystem[J]. Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. 55:1112~1123
Raich J W, Schlesinger W H. 1992 .The global dioxide flux in soil respiration and its relationship to vegetation and climate[J]. Tellus. (44):81~99
Rhoades J D, Loveday J. 1990 .Salinity in irrigated Agriculture.Irrigation of Agricultural crops-Agronomy monograph[M], No. 30 ASA-CSSA-SSSA
Risser D.G, E. C. Biney, H. D. Blocker, S. W. May (eds). 1981. The true prairie ecosystem. Hutchinson Ross Publ. Comp. Stroudsburg/Pennsylvania. 244~246
SALINAS-GARRIA J R, HONS F M, MATOCHA J E. et al. 1997 .Soilcarbon and nitrogen dynamics as affected by long-term tillage andnitrogen fertilization[J]. Biology and Fertility of Soils. 25:182~188
Schlesinger W H. 1985 .An overview of the global carbon cycle [A]. Lai R et al.Soils and Global Change [C]. CRC Press,Inc. Boca Raton,Florida.1995.9~25
Spedding C R W. 1981 .Boilogical efficiency in agriculture[J]. Applied Science PublishersL T D. 27:44~49
Vitousek P M, Mooney H A, Lubcheco J et al. 1997 .Human domination of earth’s ecosystems [J]. Science. 277:494~499
WANDER M M, TRAINA S J, STINNER B R, et al. 1994 .The effects of organic and conventional management on biologically active soil organic matter fractions[J]. Soil Science Society of America Journal. 58:1130~1139
Watson R T,Verardo D J. 2000 .Land–use change and forestry [M]. Cambridge University Press,145~153
WBGU Special Report. 1998 .The accounting of biological sinks and sources under the Kyoto Protocol [C]. Soil physical fertility and carbon. 18:130~139
Whitbread AM, Blair GJ, Lefroy RDB. 2000 .Managing legumeleys, residue sand fertilizers to enhance the sustain ability of wheat cropping systems in Australia. Soil&Tillage Research. 54:77~89