集装箱运输调度模型与系统实现
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摘要
随着国际集装箱运输业的迅猛发展,全球的货物流向更加失衡,集装箱供求矛盾日益突出,集装箱空箱调运费用逐年递增。近年来我国对外贸易顺差逐年加大,集装箱空箱调运方面的问题已经成为我国对外贸易发展的瓶颈。集装箱空箱调运问题成为急需解决的重要课题。
为了有效的降低集装箱空箱调运成本,提高空箱利用率,解决各区域集装箱空箱供求不平衡引起的矛盾,本文完成了以下几方面的内容:
(1)深入分析了集装箱场站业务,并对场站的业务流程进行了设计。同时建立了集装箱场站的业务管理模型和集装箱管理模型。为场站的信息化管理奠定了基础。
(2)通过详细分析场站与港口、其它场站和客户群之间的空箱调运关系,总结了目前陆上集装箱空箱调运存在的问题,同时建立了以目标场站为中心的陆上集装箱空箱调运模型。该模型主要以降低场站空箱调运费用为目标,同时须要满足客户群的空箱需求。运用线性规划单纯形算法对模型进行了求解,经过验证求解出的空箱调度决策能有效降低场站空箱调运费用。
(3)以调度模型为中心对集装箱场站系统进行了分析与设计,详细的阐述了集装箱场站在外贸业务中的地位和相关角色,进而给出了集装箱场站进出口业务流程。在这些的础上总结了集装箱场站的事件表、事物表和用例图。接下来对场站系统的接口、数据库、界面和功能模块进行了详细的设计。
(4)在企业级CERP框架的基础上应用MVC设计模式对场站系统进行了开发。首先介绍了场站系统的开发环境、开发平台和主要实现技术;然后介绍了集装箱陆上空箱调运模型的实现,最后展示了场站系统的运行界面。
With the rapid development of international container carrying trade, the global cargos flow direction unbalances terribly,the contradiction between container supply and demand increases and empty container transportation costs annually.With China's foreign trade surplus in recent years increased year by year, the Empty Container distrbution issues have become the choke point of China's foreign trade development. Empty container distrbution has become an urgent important issue to resolve.
In order to effectively reduce the empty container distrbution costs and improve the utilization of empty containers to address the regional imbalance between demand and supply of empty containers arising from the conflict, the paper made the following aspects of work:
(1) In-depth analysis the container yard business and design business process. At the same time establish a container of business management model and container management model. It laid a solid foundation for the information management of container yard.
(2) Through detailed analysis the container yard and the port, the other container yard and customer base about the empty containers distribution relation, sum up the current field empty containers from land-based distribution the problems and establish a target of land-based container yard empty container distribution model. The model to optimize the container yard's main distribution costs as the goal , while the customer base of the empty containers to allocate. Use linear programming simplex algorithm to solve the model, a proven solution to the scheduling decision-making can effectively reduce the cost of empty container distribution.
(3) To scheduling model as the center of the container yard system for the demand analysis and design, detailed on the container shipping business in the field on the status and role-related, then give container yard import and export business processes. In the above on the basis of summing up the container station a list of events, things form and use case diagram. And then design the container yard's systems interface, database,interface and fuction module.
(4) In the framework of enterprise-class CERP on the basis of the use of MVC design pattern on the station's systems were developed. On the container yard's systems development environment, and the main platform for the development of technology.And then introduce the achievement of empty containers distribution model and lay out the interface of container yard systems.
为了有效的降低集装箱空箱调运成本,提高空箱利用率,解决各区域集装箱空箱供求不平衡引起的矛盾,本文完成了以下几方面的内容:
(1)深入分析了集装箱场站业务,并对场站的业务流程进行了设计。同时建立了集装箱场站的业务管理模型和集装箱管理模型。为场站的信息化管理奠定了基础。
(2)通过详细分析场站与港口、其它场站和客户群之间的空箱调运关系,总结了目前陆上集装箱空箱调运存在的问题,同时建立了以目标场站为中心的陆上集装箱空箱调运模型。该模型主要以降低场站空箱调运费用为目标,同时须要满足客户群的空箱需求。运用线性规划单纯形算法对模型进行了求解,经过验证求解出的空箱调度决策能有效降低场站空箱调运费用。
(3)以调度模型为中心对集装箱场站系统进行了分析与设计,详细的阐述了集装箱场站在外贸业务中的地位和相关角色,进而给出了集装箱场站进出口业务流程。在这些的础上总结了集装箱场站的事件表、事物表和用例图。接下来对场站系统的接口、数据库、界面和功能模块进行了详细的设计。
(4)在企业级CERP框架的基础上应用MVC设计模式对场站系统进行了开发。首先介绍了场站系统的开发环境、开发平台和主要实现技术;然后介绍了集装箱陆上空箱调运模型的实现,最后展示了场站系统的运行界面。
With the rapid development of international container carrying trade, the global cargos flow direction unbalances terribly,the contradiction between container supply and demand increases and empty container transportation costs annually.With China's foreign trade surplus in recent years increased year by year, the Empty Container distrbution issues have become the choke point of China's foreign trade development. Empty container distrbution has become an urgent important issue to resolve.
In order to effectively reduce the empty container distrbution costs and improve the utilization of empty containers to address the regional imbalance between demand and supply of empty containers arising from the conflict, the paper made the following aspects of work:
(1) In-depth analysis the container yard business and design business process. At the same time establish a container of business management model and container management model. It laid a solid foundation for the information management of container yard.
(2) Through detailed analysis the container yard and the port, the other container yard and customer base about the empty containers distribution relation, sum up the current field empty containers from land-based distribution the problems and establish a target of land-based container yard empty container distribution model. The model to optimize the container yard's main distribution costs as the goal , while the customer base of the empty containers to allocate. Use linear programming simplex algorithm to solve the model, a proven solution to the scheduling decision-making can effectively reduce the cost of empty container distribution.
(3) To scheduling model as the center of the container yard system for the demand analysis and design, detailed on the container shipping business in the field on the status and role-related, then give container yard import and export business processes. In the above on the basis of summing up the container station a list of events, things form and use case diagram. And then design the container yard's systems interface, database,interface and fuction module.
(4) In the framework of enterprise-class CERP on the basis of the use of MVC design pattern on the station's systems were developed. On the container yard's systems development environment, and the main platform for the development of technology.And then introduce the achievement of empty containers distribution model and lay out the interface of container yard systems.
引文
1宋鲁荣.集装箱场站管理信息系统设计与实现.中国海洋大学硕士学位论文. 2006:6~16
2杜永芳.现代信息系统模型在集装箱航运企业核心业务流程改造中的应用研究.上海海运学院硕士学位论文. 2002:15~20
3李维斌,赵健华,郭林朝.公路集装箱运输调度算法研究.中国公路学报. 1995, 8(1):63~71
4周跃.集装箱多式联运运输策略与协调问题的研究.河海大学硕士学位论文. 2006:15~26
5袁红斌,段成华.集装箱动态跟踪工作流网模型的建立与实现.计算机工程. 2003, 29(9):93~95
6陈志强,张丽,康克军,高文焕.先进调度技术在集装箱检查系统中的应用.核电子学与探测技术. 2001, 21(3):200~203
7潘晓峰,黄玉霞. EDI技术在集装箱场站管理信息系统中的应用.计算机系统应用. 1997, (11):2~5
8沈以文.国际集装箱运输系统与EDI.集装箱化. 1994, (8):28~30
9 C. I. Liu, H. Jula, K. Vukadinovic, P. A. Ioannou. Comparing Different Tech- nologies Movement in Marine Container for Containers Terminals. IEEE Intelligent Transportation Systems Conference Proceedings, Dearborn (MI), USA. 2000:488~493
10 L. H. Lee, K. C. Tan, Y. H. Chew. Vehicle Capacity Planning System: A Case Study on Vehicle Routing Problem With Time Windows. IEEE Tran- sactions on Systems, Man and Cybernetics-Part A: Systems and Humans. 2003, 33(2):169-178
11 P. Chen, Z. Fu, A. Lim, B. Rodrigue. Port Yard Storage Optimization. IEEE Transactions on Automation Science and Engineering. 2004, 1(1):26~37
12 J. W. Lee, J. H. Suh, Y. J. Lee, K. S. Lee. Position Accuracy Improvement of Linear Motor Container Trans fer System using DR-FNNs. Proceedings of the 2004 IEEE International Conference on Control Applications Taipei, Taiwan. 2004:1585~1590
13 O. Korba, P. Yim. Container Assignment to Stock in a Fluvial Port. IEEE International Conference on Systems, Man and Cybernetics. 2004: 6180~6185
14 R. K. Cheung. A Two-stage Stochastic Network Model and Solution Metho- ds for the Dynamic Empty Container Allocation Problem. Transportation Sc-ience. 1998, 32(2):142~162
15季文元.基于保障可靠性的集装箱空箱保有量的优化决策.中国航海. 2002, (3):49~53
16时力.基于BP神经网络的集装箱安全配箱量预测.中国航海. 2002, 3(52):54~58
17 E. Constantinesecu. Container Control in Liner Shipping. First SIAM EMS Conference“AMCW”2001. 2001:12~26
18聂俊.陆运与海运集装箱空箱调运优化研究.上海海事大学. 2004:25~46
19 W. W. White, A. M. Bomberawlt. A Network algorithm for empty freight car allocation. IBM System Journal. 1969, 15(2):147~169
20 K. Holmmberg, M. J. Lundgr. Improved empty freight car distribution. Tran-s portation Science. 1998, 32(22):163~173
21 K. shintani. The container shipping network design problem with empty container repositioning. Transportation Research. 2007, (24):39~59
22 B. Wang, Z. C. Wang. Research on the optimization of intermodal empty container reposition of land carriage. Journal of Transportation Systems Engineering and Information technology. 2007, 7(3):29~33
23 Q. Zhu. Average optimality for continuous-time Markov decision processes with a policy iteration approach. J.Math.Anal.Appl. 2008, 339:691~704
24 K. Chung. Development of mathematical models for the container road transportation in Korean trucking industries. Computer&Industrial Engineer- ing. 2007, (53):252~262
25贺国先,刘凯,李电生.铁路集装箱空箱安全高效调拨的计算机算法.中国安全科学学报. 2003, 13(11):21~24
26施欣.内陆集装箱运输环境下的空箱调运策略与租箱策略的数字仿真分析.交通运输工程学报. 2002, 2(2):114~119
27张得志,谢如鹤,黄孝章.铁路集装箱空箱调度模型以及求解算法.中国铁道科学. 2003, 24(3):125~129
28汪传旭.全球空集装箱调运现状成因及经济性分析.物流技术. 1996, (6):34~36
29刘恒江,施欣.基于Petri网的集装箱空箱调运仿真分析.交通运输工程学报. 2002, 2(3):97~102
30周红梅,方芳.航运集装箱空箱调运优化模型的研究.武汉理工大学交通学院. 2003, 27(3):384~387
31赵丹.随机环境下海运集装箱空箱调配问题研究.上海海事大学. 2005,26(5):23~56
32 P. Dejax, Gendreau. Short Term container Fleet management:issures,models and tools. In:Proceedings of the 6th World Conference on Transport Research. 1998:152~168
33 H. Florez. Empty Container Repositioning and Leasing:An Optimization M- odel Dissertation. Polytechnic Institute of New York. 1996, (14):560~584
34 W. S. Shen, C. M. Khoong. A DSS for empty container distribution planning. Decision Support Systems. 1995, (15):75~82
35 S. T. Choong, M. H. Coleb. Empty container management for intermodal tra- nsportation networks. Transportation Research Part E. 2002, (38):423~438
36 S. T. Choong. Empty Container Management for Container-on-Barge (COB) Transportation: Planning Horizon Effects on Empty Container management in a Multi-Modal Transportation Network. Techincal Report MBTC-2003, Mack-Blackwell Transportation Center, University of Arkansas, 2001: 360~371
37 T. G. Crainnic. Models for multimode multicommodity location problems with interdepot balancing requirements. Annals of Operations Research. 1999, (18):279~302
38申卯兴,许进.求解线性规划的单纯形的直接方法.计算机工程与应用. 2007, 43(30):94~96
39 J. W. Satzinger, B. Robert, J. Stephen , D. Burd. Systems Analysis and Design in a Changing World.朱群雄等译.机械工业出版社, 2005:95-453
40 J. chen, S. Macdonald. Road Map Assembler:a new pattern-based J2EE development tool. Proceedings of the 2005 conference of the centre for Advanced Studies Collaborative research, Canada, 2005. IBM Press, 2005:55~69
41张小勤,滕至阳.基于MVC设计模式的J2EE分布式应用系统模型JMVC.计算机应用研究. 2003, 20(9):63~64
42游丽珍,郭宇春,李纯喜. Ajax引擎的原理和应用.微计算机信息. 2006, 2:118~119
43裘刚,李志恒,张毅.基于XML数据绑定对象建构与存储模式.计算机工程. 2003, 29(19):75~76
44何霆,战徳臣,徐晓飞,王平.新一代ERP系统功能构件标准化问题研究.计算机集成制造系统. 2004, 10(12):177~182
45秦天保.集装箱货运站三层客户/服务器系统的业务对象分析.水运管理. 2000, 12:38~42
2杜永芳.现代信息系统模型在集装箱航运企业核心业务流程改造中的应用研究.上海海运学院硕士学位论文. 2002:15~20
3李维斌,赵健华,郭林朝.公路集装箱运输调度算法研究.中国公路学报. 1995, 8(1):63~71
4周跃.集装箱多式联运运输策略与协调问题的研究.河海大学硕士学位论文. 2006:15~26
5袁红斌,段成华.集装箱动态跟踪工作流网模型的建立与实现.计算机工程. 2003, 29(9):93~95
6陈志强,张丽,康克军,高文焕.先进调度技术在集装箱检查系统中的应用.核电子学与探测技术. 2001, 21(3):200~203
7潘晓峰,黄玉霞. EDI技术在集装箱场站管理信息系统中的应用.计算机系统应用. 1997, (11):2~5
8沈以文.国际集装箱运输系统与EDI.集装箱化. 1994, (8):28~30
9 C. I. Liu, H. Jula, K. Vukadinovic, P. A. Ioannou. Comparing Different Tech- nologies Movement in Marine Container for Containers Terminals. IEEE Intelligent Transportation Systems Conference Proceedings, Dearborn (MI), USA. 2000:488~493
10 L. H. Lee, K. C. Tan, Y. H. Chew. Vehicle Capacity Planning System: A Case Study on Vehicle Routing Problem With Time Windows. IEEE Tran- sactions on Systems, Man and Cybernetics-Part A: Systems and Humans. 2003, 33(2):169-178
11 P. Chen, Z. Fu, A. Lim, B. Rodrigue. Port Yard Storage Optimization. IEEE Transactions on Automation Science and Engineering. 2004, 1(1):26~37
12 J. W. Lee, J. H. Suh, Y. J. Lee, K. S. Lee. Position Accuracy Improvement of Linear Motor Container Trans fer System using DR-FNNs. Proceedings of the 2004 IEEE International Conference on Control Applications Taipei, Taiwan. 2004:1585~1590
13 O. Korba, P. Yim. Container Assignment to Stock in a Fluvial Port. IEEE International Conference on Systems, Man and Cybernetics. 2004: 6180~6185
14 R. K. Cheung. A Two-stage Stochastic Network Model and Solution Metho- ds for the Dynamic Empty Container Allocation Problem. Transportation Sc-ience. 1998, 32(2):142~162
15季文元.基于保障可靠性的集装箱空箱保有量的优化决策.中国航海. 2002, (3):49~53
16时力.基于BP神经网络的集装箱安全配箱量预测.中国航海. 2002, 3(52):54~58
17 E. Constantinesecu. Container Control in Liner Shipping. First SIAM EMS Conference“AMCW”2001. 2001:12~26
18聂俊.陆运与海运集装箱空箱调运优化研究.上海海事大学. 2004:25~46
19 W. W. White, A. M. Bomberawlt. A Network algorithm for empty freight car allocation. IBM System Journal. 1969, 15(2):147~169
20 K. Holmmberg, M. J. Lundgr. Improved empty freight car distribution. Tran-s portation Science. 1998, 32(22):163~173
21 K. shintani. The container shipping network design problem with empty container repositioning. Transportation Research. 2007, (24):39~59
22 B. Wang, Z. C. Wang. Research on the optimization of intermodal empty container reposition of land carriage. Journal of Transportation Systems Engineering and Information technology. 2007, 7(3):29~33
23 Q. Zhu. Average optimality for continuous-time Markov decision processes with a policy iteration approach. J.Math.Anal.Appl. 2008, 339:691~704
24 K. Chung. Development of mathematical models for the container road transportation in Korean trucking industries. Computer&Industrial Engineer- ing. 2007, (53):252~262
25贺国先,刘凯,李电生.铁路集装箱空箱安全高效调拨的计算机算法.中国安全科学学报. 2003, 13(11):21~24
26施欣.内陆集装箱运输环境下的空箱调运策略与租箱策略的数字仿真分析.交通运输工程学报. 2002, 2(2):114~119
27张得志,谢如鹤,黄孝章.铁路集装箱空箱调度模型以及求解算法.中国铁道科学. 2003, 24(3):125~129
28汪传旭.全球空集装箱调运现状成因及经济性分析.物流技术. 1996, (6):34~36
29刘恒江,施欣.基于Petri网的集装箱空箱调运仿真分析.交通运输工程学报. 2002, 2(3):97~102
30周红梅,方芳.航运集装箱空箱调运优化模型的研究.武汉理工大学交通学院. 2003, 27(3):384~387
31赵丹.随机环境下海运集装箱空箱调配问题研究.上海海事大学. 2005,26(5):23~56
32 P. Dejax, Gendreau. Short Term container Fleet management:issures,models and tools. In:Proceedings of the 6th World Conference on Transport Research. 1998:152~168
33 H. Florez. Empty Container Repositioning and Leasing:An Optimization M- odel Dissertation. Polytechnic Institute of New York. 1996, (14):560~584
34 W. S. Shen, C. M. Khoong. A DSS for empty container distribution planning. Decision Support Systems. 1995, (15):75~82
35 S. T. Choong, M. H. Coleb. Empty container management for intermodal tra- nsportation networks. Transportation Research Part E. 2002, (38):423~438
36 S. T. Choong. Empty Container Management for Container-on-Barge (COB) Transportation: Planning Horizon Effects on Empty Container management in a Multi-Modal Transportation Network. Techincal Report MBTC-2003, Mack-Blackwell Transportation Center, University of Arkansas, 2001: 360~371
37 T. G. Crainnic. Models for multimode multicommodity location problems with interdepot balancing requirements. Annals of Operations Research. 1999, (18):279~302
38申卯兴,许进.求解线性规划的单纯形的直接方法.计算机工程与应用. 2007, 43(30):94~96
39 J. W. Satzinger, B. Robert, J. Stephen , D. Burd. Systems Analysis and Design in a Changing World.朱群雄等译.机械工业出版社, 2005:95-453
40 J. chen, S. Macdonald. Road Map Assembler:a new pattern-based J2EE development tool. Proceedings of the 2005 conference of the centre for Advanced Studies Collaborative research, Canada, 2005. IBM Press, 2005:55~69
41张小勤,滕至阳.基于MVC设计模式的J2EE分布式应用系统模型JMVC.计算机应用研究. 2003, 20(9):63~64
42游丽珍,郭宇春,李纯喜. Ajax引擎的原理和应用.微计算机信息. 2006, 2:118~119
43裘刚,李志恒,张毅.基于XML数据绑定对象建构与存储模式.计算机工程. 2003, 29(19):75~76
44何霆,战徳臣,徐晓飞,王平.新一代ERP系统功能构件标准化问题研究.计算机集成制造系统. 2004, 10(12):177~182
45秦天保.集装箱货运站三层客户/服务器系统的业务对象分析.水运管理. 2000, 12:38~42