基于RFID和GPS技术的数字物流车载终端系统研究
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摘要
数字物流系统是在传统物流的基础上，引入高科技手段，对物流信息进行科学管理，从而使物流速度加快、准确率提高、库存减少、成本降低的数字化和高度集成化的一种信息管理系统。车载终端系统是数字物流系统中的一个重要组成部分。本文基于RFID和GPS等关键技术，对数字物流车载终端系统进行了比较深入的研究，包括其硬件、软件的设计与实现。本论文的主要研究工作是：
首先，设计了一个基于RFID和GPS技术的、模块化的数字物流车载终端系统的整体方案。将车载终端系统中的货物信息采集、车辆定位数据获取、数据无线传输作为研究重点。
然后进行了相应模块的软硬件研究和实现。在硬件电路方面，本文完成了车载终端系统中RFID标签信息采集、GPS定位信息获取、GSM无线数据通信、人机接口等子模块电路的设计、焊接与调试，并以MSP430为主控制器，完成了系统硬件平台的研制。在软件方面，利用嵌入式编程开发平台IAR Embedded Workbench V3.40，完成底层软件的编写。并在MSP430微处理器为核心的车载终端系统的硬件平台上，完成了所编写软件的调试工作。另外，本文还利用MSP430的I／O口模拟实现了I~2C总线接口，解决了系统串口资源不足的问题。
最后对所研究的数字物流车载终端系统进行了整机调试。调试结果表明：该车载终端系统能正确识别RFID电子标签；能快速、准确获取GPS卫星定位数据；并能对所获取的电子标签信息和GPS数据做进一步处理和存储，所提取的有用信息可通过GSM数传模块发至物流监控中心。
The digital logistics system is a high integrated information managementsystem based on the traditional logistics, which applies the advanced scientificmethods to be available to speed up logistics, to enhance accuracy, to decreasestockreduces, and to reduce cost. The vehicle terminal system is one of the mostimportant parts in the digital logistics. The digital logistcs vehicle terminalsystem based on RFID and GPS technology has been researched thoroughly inthis paper. The hardware and software of the vehicle terminal system has beendesigned and implemented. The main work of this paper are as follows:
Firstly, the modularizational unitary design of the vehicle terminal systembased on RFID technology and GPS technology has been provided in the paper.Our study focuses on identifying RFID tags, receiving GPS data, andcommunicating the information in the digital logistcs vehicles terminal system.
Secondly, the software and hardware design of the vehicle terminal systemhas been fulfilled in the paper. In the hardware circuit aspect, the main modulecircuit has been designed, jointed and tested, for instance, the acquisition circuitof RFID tags information, the receiving circuit of GPS information, the wireless 1.0%,70℃and 2h).Then Cu~(2+), Fe~(2+) and Mn~(2+) solutions were added in the pulp again. Thebleaching results indicated that,with increasing of Cu~(2+), Fe~(2+) and Mn~(2+) charge, residual H_2O_2and brightness of peroxide bleached pulps decreased. Especially for Mn~(2+), at the end ofreaction, the consistency of residual H_2O_2 was almost zero. When the dosage of Mn~(2+)improveded to 25mg/kg pulp,the brightness of bleached pulp almost same the unbleached. Theresult showed that H_2O_2 was catalyzed decomposition full this time.
SEM observation revealed that less short fibers of hydrogen peroxide bleached pulp wereexposed on the sheet surface, some long fibers exposed.It meaned some thin fibers degradedduring bleaching. Through observation of fiber morphology, it could found more thin fibers ofH_2O_2 bleached pulp with enzyme were saved on fiber surface.It meaned decomposition ofH_2O_2 faster by enzymatic catalytic during bleaching. So less thin fibers were degraded duringhydrogen peroxide bleaching.
Through studying on the dynamics of decomposition of H_2O_2 catalysed by Mn~(2+). It wasfound that the temperature was very important to the decomposition of H_2O_2.Throughcalculating of reaction speed constant and energy of activation, it was found that Mn~(2+) had acatalysis to decomposition of H_2O_2.
首先，设计了一个基于RFID和GPS技术的、模块化的数字物流车载终端系统的整体方案。将车载终端系统中的货物信息采集、车辆定位数据获取、数据无线传输作为研究重点。
然后进行了相应模块的软硬件研究和实现。在硬件电路方面，本文完成了车载终端系统中RFID标签信息采集、GPS定位信息获取、GSM无线数据通信、人机接口等子模块电路的设计、焊接与调试，并以MSP430为主控制器，完成了系统硬件平台的研制。在软件方面，利用嵌入式编程开发平台IAR Embedded Workbench V3.40，完成底层软件的编写。并在MSP430微处理器为核心的车载终端系统的硬件平台上，完成了所编写软件的调试工作。另外，本文还利用MSP430的I／O口模拟实现了I~2C总线接口，解决了系统串口资源不足的问题。
最后对所研究的数字物流车载终端系统进行了整机调试。调试结果表明：该车载终端系统能正确识别RFID电子标签；能快速、准确获取GPS卫星定位数据；并能对所获取的电子标签信息和GPS数据做进一步处理和存储，所提取的有用信息可通过GSM数传模块发至物流监控中心。
The digital logistics system is a high integrated information managementsystem based on the traditional logistics, which applies the advanced scientificmethods to be available to speed up logistics, to enhance accuracy, to decreasestockreduces, and to reduce cost. The vehicle terminal system is one of the mostimportant parts in the digital logistics. The digital logistcs vehicle terminalsystem based on RFID and GPS technology has been researched thoroughly inthis paper. The hardware and software of the vehicle terminal system has beendesigned and implemented. The main work of this paper are as follows:
Firstly, the modularizational unitary design of the vehicle terminal systembased on RFID technology and GPS technology has been provided in the paper.Our study focuses on identifying RFID tags, receiving GPS data, andcommunicating the information in the digital logistcs vehicles terminal system.
Secondly, the software and hardware design of the vehicle terminal systemhas been fulfilled in the paper. In the hardware circuit aspect, the main modulecircuit has been designed, jointed and tested, for instance, the acquisition circuitof RFID tags information, the receiving circuit of GPS information, the wireless 1.0%,70℃and 2h).Then Cu~(2+), Fe~(2+) and Mn~(2+) solutions were added in the pulp again. Thebleaching results indicated that,with increasing of Cu~(2+), Fe~(2+) and Mn~(2+) charge, residual H_2O_2and brightness of peroxide bleached pulps decreased. Especially for Mn~(2+), at the end ofreaction, the consistency of residual H_2O_2 was almost zero. When the dosage of Mn~(2+)improveded to 25mg/kg pulp,the brightness of bleached pulp almost same the unbleached. Theresult showed that H_2O_2 was catalyzed decomposition full this time.
SEM observation revealed that less short fibers of hydrogen peroxide bleached pulp wereexposed on the sheet surface, some long fibers exposed.It meaned some thin fibers degradedduring bleaching. Through observation of fiber morphology, it could found more thin fibers ofH_2O_2 bleached pulp with enzyme were saved on fiber surface.It meaned decomposition ofH_2O_2 faster by enzymatic catalytic during bleaching. So less thin fibers were degraded duringhydrogen peroxide bleaching.
Through studying on the dynamics of decomposition of H_2O_2 catalysed by Mn~(2+). It wasfound that the temperature was very important to the decomposition of H_2O_2.Throughcalculating of reaction speed constant and energy of activation, it was found that Mn~(2+) had acatalysis to decomposition of H_2O_2.
引文
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[2] Donald J．，David J．，M．Bixby著，李习文，王增东译，Supply Chain Logistics Management，机械工业出版社，2004．1
[3] 刘刚，物流管理，中国人民大学出版社，2005．8
[4] 王光辉，在物流可视化浅谈，物流科技，2004．27(11)：12-14
[5] 孙宏，李一凡等，“数字物流”—现代物流的灵魂，中国物流与采购，2003(6)：44-45
[6] John Coycle，Edward Bardi，John Langley，陈志杰等译，The Management of Business Logistics，电子工业出版社，2003．7
[7] 吕军伟，物流配送业务管理模板与岗位操作流程，中国经济出版社，2005．10
[8] Douglas Long著，刘凯，张晓东译，International Logistics：Global Supply Chain Management，电子工业出版社，2006．6
[9] 陈冲，胡嘉祺等，浅谈数字物流，甘肃科技纵横，2004．33(4)：46-47
[10] 吕广超，关忠良，数字物流体系结构研究，数量经济技术经济研究，2003(8)：95-97
[11] James R.，Douglas M．著，邵晓峰等译，战略物流管理，中国财政经济出版社，2003．1
[12] Ballou H．著，王晓尔等译，Business Logistics Management，机械工业出版社，2006．8
[13] 鲁晓春，林正章，物流管理案例与实训，清华大学出版社，北京交通大学出版社，2005．5
[14] Tuttle J., Traditional and emerging technologies and applications in the radio frequency identification (RFID) industry, In IEEE Radio Frequency Integrated Circuits (RFIC) Symposium, 1997 (6):5-8
[15] Finkenzeller K., RFID Handbook: Fundamentals and Applications in Contactless Smart Cards and Identification, West Sussex: John Wiley & Sons Ltd, 2003
[16] Stefansson G., Collaborative Logistics Management the Role of Third-Party Service Providers and the Enabling Information Systems Architecture, Ph.D.Thesis, Goteborg: Chalmers Technology University, 2004.6
[17] Ciborra C., Hanseth O., From tool to Gestell: Agendas for managing the information infrastructure, Information Technology & People, 1998: 305-327
[18] Christopher M., Towill D., Supply Chain Migration from Lean and Functional to Agile and Customised, Supply Chain Management, 2000:206-213
[19] 张守信，GPS．卫星测量定位理论和应用，国防科技大学出版社，1996
[20] Kaplan D．著，王万义译，GPS原理与应用，电子工业出版社，2001
[21] 刘基余，GPS卫星导航定位原理与方法，北京：科学出版社，2003
[22] 熊志昂等，GPS技术与工程应用，北京：国防工业出版社，2005
[23] 游战清等，无线射频识别技术(RFID)规划与实施，北京：电子工业出版社，2005
[24] Ghribi B., Logrippo L., Understanding GPRS: The GSM Packet Radio Service, Computer Networks, 2000(34):763-779
[25] Elena M., Quero J.M., Tarrida C.L., and Franquelo L.G., Design of a Mobile Telecardiology System Using GPRS/GSM Technology, In proceed-ings of IEMBS/BMES Conference, Houston, 2002
[26] Frank S. and Christian F., Interaction in pervasive computing settings using Bluetoothenabled active tags and passive RFID technology together with mobile phones Proc, Pervasive Computing and Communications, 2003(3):378-387
[27] 李锦涛，射频识别(RFID)技术及其应用，中国科学院计算技术研究所内部刊物—信息技术快报，2004：1-10
[28] Michael K., McCathie L., The Pros and Cons of RFID in Supply Chain Management.International Conference on Mobile Business, 2005
[29] 赵长奎，GSM数字移动通信应用系统，国防工业出版社，2001．6
[30] 朱惠忠等，GSM-R通信技术应用，北京：中国铁道出版社，2005
[31] 沈建华等著，MSP430系列16位超低功耗单片机原理与应用，清华大学出版社，2004．11
[32] 胡大可，MSP430系列超低功耗16位单片机原理与应用，北京航空航天出版社，2000
[33] Phoenix Sky Harbor International Airport Selects TransCore to Implement First-Ever Vehicle Tracking System Integrating RFID and GPS, http://findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_m0EIN/is_2005_May_2
[34] The building and roofing distributor is now equipping each of its 900 trucks with a device that integrates RFID and GPS, http://www.rfidinfo.com.cn/Info/n4108_1.html
[35] Unipart Logistics deploys RFID, GSM/GPRS and GPS to track Jaguar parts from UK to US, http://news.rfidworld.com.cn/2007_3/20073251152440284.html
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