基于供应链的超市食品安全管理评价研究
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摘要
近年来,随着经济水平的提高,人们对食品的数量和质量的要求越来越高,同时多起食品中毒事故造成的严重后果使食品安全这一概念进入了大众的视线,同时也成为学者研究的热点。对于消费者而言食品安全关系切身利益,对于广大食品生产、销售及相关企业而言食品安全关系生死存亡,对国家而言食品安全关系国计民生和社会安定,食品安全管理亟待丰富和完善。
当前,学者从食品安全风险分析和食品安全技术方面对我国的食品安全管理进行了理论研究,但是这种关注主要从生物科学与技术方面为保障食品安全提供建议。从管理的角度进行的研究集中于宏观层面,对具体行业和企业的指标作用不够；因此,将食品安全管理与零售超市结合起来,并引入食品供应链的理念,分析超市供应链的作业流程,找出影响食品安全的影响因素,对提高零售超市食品安全现状有着重大的理论意义和现实意义。
论文云用定性与定量、理论研究与实证研究相结合的方法,在分析超市食品供应链上食品安全管理影响因素的基础上,提出基于供应链的超市食品安全管理评价体系。首先提出了研究目的与意义,分析了国内外研究现状,通过介绍现有成熟相关理论为本文奠定理论基础,包括食品供应链、食品安全、食品安全危害分析、食品安全管理、国家食品安全管理体系与食品安全控制技术等；然后在此基础上结合零售超市研究了超市食品供应链的结构与特征,对超市食品进行安全危害分析,归纳了超市食品安全管理内容,从超市食品供应链的各环节细化了影响食品安全的各项因素；在比较了各种评价方法和技术的基础上,采用层次分析和灰色关联度分析方法,选取以上影响因素中的比较重要的23个因素构成指标体系；最后,将评价指标体系和多层次灰色关联度方法应用于实证研究,以中百连锁超市为实证对象,针对23个指标设立问卷,通过问卷调查、统计数据,对中百连锁超市食品安全管理进行评价,并根据评价结果提出了相关政策建议；在总结与展望部分,给出了本文的结论、创新之处,并指出未来的研究方向。
Recent years, people's question to quantity and quality of food became higher and higher as the level of economy increased. More and more people paid attention to food safety because serious food toxicities lead to badly negative effects. At the same time, researchers recognize food safety as a hot point. Food connected consumers, enterprises that produce and sail food depend on safe food. Food safety is beneficial to the people's livelihood and building stable society. food safety management enriched and improved urgently.
Currently, scholars do same research from the food safety risk analysis and food safety technical, but this concerns mainly give some advices from the biological science and technology to keep food safety. There are some research focused on the macro level from the perspective of management, however the specific indicators in industries and enterprises is not enough; Therefore, combining food safety management and retail supermarkets, introducing the concept of the food supply chain, analysis supply chain processes, identifying affecting factors of food safety, are useful to improve the retail supermarkets'food safety situation,whatever theoretical and practical significance.
This thesis uses qualitative and quantitative, theoretical research and empirical research methods, put up supermarket food safety management evaluation system based on supply chain depended on the analysis affecting factors of supermarket food supply chain management. First of all, the purpose and significance is proposed analyzing the current research, introducing the theoretical basis for this article, including the food supply chain, food safety, food safety hazard analysis, food safety management, national food safety management system and food safety control technology; then study retail supermarket Supermarkets supply chain structure and characteristics of supermarket,doing food safety hazard analysis, summarizing the content of supermarket food safety, food supply chain from the supermarket every link refinement of the various factors affecting food security; to compare a variety of evaluation methods and technology, using AHP and gray correlation analysis method, selecting 23 important to constitute the indicator system; Finally, the evaluation index system and multi-level gray correlation method are applied to empirical studies about Zhong B ai supermarket.I made questionnaire according to 23 indexes, collected statistical data from questionnaires, evaluate the food safety management system, put up relevant policy recommendations; In the summary and outlook section, I gave the conclusions of this paper, innovations, and pointed out the directions of future research
当前,学者从食品安全风险分析和食品安全技术方面对我国的食品安全管理进行了理论研究,但是这种关注主要从生物科学与技术方面为保障食品安全提供建议。从管理的角度进行的研究集中于宏观层面,对具体行业和企业的指标作用不够；因此,将食品安全管理与零售超市结合起来,并引入食品供应链的理念,分析超市供应链的作业流程,找出影响食品安全的影响因素,对提高零售超市食品安全现状有着重大的理论意义和现实意义。
论文云用定性与定量、理论研究与实证研究相结合的方法,在分析超市食品供应链上食品安全管理影响因素的基础上,提出基于供应链的超市食品安全管理评价体系。首先提出了研究目的与意义,分析了国内外研究现状,通过介绍现有成熟相关理论为本文奠定理论基础,包括食品供应链、食品安全、食品安全危害分析、食品安全管理、国家食品安全管理体系与食品安全控制技术等；然后在此基础上结合零售超市研究了超市食品供应链的结构与特征,对超市食品进行安全危害分析,归纳了超市食品安全管理内容,从超市食品供应链的各环节细化了影响食品安全的各项因素；在比较了各种评价方法和技术的基础上,采用层次分析和灰色关联度分析方法,选取以上影响因素中的比较重要的23个因素构成指标体系；最后,将评价指标体系和多层次灰色关联度方法应用于实证研究,以中百连锁超市为实证对象,针对23个指标设立问卷,通过问卷调查、统计数据,对中百连锁超市食品安全管理进行评价,并根据评价结果提出了相关政策建议；在总结与展望部分,给出了本文的结论、创新之处,并指出未来的研究方向。
Recent years, people's question to quantity and quality of food became higher and higher as the level of economy increased. More and more people paid attention to food safety because serious food toxicities lead to badly negative effects. At the same time, researchers recognize food safety as a hot point. Food connected consumers, enterprises that produce and sail food depend on safe food. Food safety is beneficial to the people's livelihood and building stable society. food safety management enriched and improved urgently.
Currently, scholars do same research from the food safety risk analysis and food safety technical, but this concerns mainly give some advices from the biological science and technology to keep food safety. There are some research focused on the macro level from the perspective of management, however the specific indicators in industries and enterprises is not enough; Therefore, combining food safety management and retail supermarkets, introducing the concept of the food supply chain, analysis supply chain processes, identifying affecting factors of food safety, are useful to improve the retail supermarkets'food safety situation,whatever theoretical and practical significance.
This thesis uses qualitative and quantitative, theoretical research and empirical research methods, put up supermarket food safety management evaluation system based on supply chain depended on the analysis affecting factors of supermarket food supply chain management. First of all, the purpose and significance is proposed analyzing the current research, introducing the theoretical basis for this article, including the food supply chain, food safety, food safety hazard analysis, food safety management, national food safety management system and food safety control technology; then study retail supermarket Supermarkets supply chain structure and characteristics of supermarket,doing food safety hazard analysis, summarizing the content of supermarket food safety, food supply chain from the supermarket every link refinement of the various factors affecting food security; to compare a variety of evaluation methods and technology, using AHP and gray correlation analysis method, selecting 23 important to constitute the indicator system; Finally, the evaluation index system and multi-level gray correlation method are applied to empirical studies about Zhong B ai supermarket.I made questionnaire according to 23 indexes, collected statistical data from questionnaires, evaluate the food safety management system, put up relevant policy recommendations; In the summary and outlook section, I gave the conclusions of this paper, innovations, and pointed out the directions of future research
引文
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[2]Karl McDonald, Da-Wen-Sun. Predictive food microbiology for the meat industry: a review[J]. International Journal of Food Microbiology,1999 (11):1-29
[3]Den Ouden, P. J. P. Zuurbier. Vertical co-operation in agricultural production-marketing chains with special reference to product differentiation in pork. Agribusiness[J],1996 (3):277-290
[4]陈淑.食品安全与食品供应链管理[J].上海企业,2005(9)：60-63
[5]易正兰.论安全食品供应链管理[J].新疆财经,2007(4)：70-73
[6]韩月明.食品安全预测与控制模型研究[D].东南大学,2006
[7]WHO/FAO. Guidelines for Consumer Organizations to Promote National Food Safety Systems[J]. Safe Food International,2005 (9):1-18
[8]李哲敏.食品安全内涵及评价指标体系研究[J].北京农业职业学院学报,2004(01)：18-22
[9]刘於勋.食品安全综合评价指标体系的层次与灰色分析[J].河南工业大学学报(自然科学版),2007(10)：53-57
[10]马微,付丽,刘世福,曾庆才,许世伟,王海波.食品安全与质量控制体系食品工业科技[J].2008(12)：198-202
[11]Whitehead A. Elements of an effective national food control system[J]. Food Control,1995(6):247-251
[12]Antle J. M. E. ficient Food Safety Regulation in the Food Manufacturing Sector[J]. A merican Journal of Agricultural Economics,1996(78):1242-1247
[13]Andrew Starbird. Supply Chain Contracts and Food Safety [J]. CHOISES,2005 (2):123-128
[14]Adrie J. M. Beulens, Douwe-Frits Broens, Peter Folstar, Gert Jan Hofstede. Food safety and transparency in food chains and networks[J]. Food Control,2005 (6):481-486
[15]Matthew G. Overcoming supply chain failure in the agri-food sector:A case study from Moldova[J]. Food Policy,2006(31):90-103
[16]Taylor E. HACCP in small companies:benefit or burden?[J]. Food control,2001 (12): 217-222
[17]Farber J M, M D Pierson, N J Stern. Predictive modeling of food deterioration and safety, Foodborne Microorganisms and their toxins[J]. Developing Methodology,2001 (7):57-90
[18]Jill E. Hobbs, John Spriggs, Andrew Fearne. Institutional arrangements and incentive structures for food safety and quality assurance in the food chain[M]. Interdisciplinary Food Safety Research,1999 (9):33-36
[19]Van Weele A J, Gelderman, C J. Strategic direction through purchasing portfolio management:a case study[J]. Journal of supply chain management,2002(2):30-46
[20]Massimo B. FMECA approach to product traceability in the industry[J]. Food Control,1996 (7):69-76
[21]朱莉,王海燕.基于超市食品供应链的质量控制体系研究[J].物流技术,2005(10)：206-208
[22]Jean A. T. Penninglon. Use of the Core Food Model to Estimate Ineral in takes part 1. Selection of U.S. Core Foods [J]. Journal of Food Composition and Analysis.2001 (14):295-300
[23]Lydia Medeiros. Safe food from a consumer perspective. Food Control,2003(14): 75-251
[24]郗伟东,石玉月,田巍.国内外食品安全评价综述[J].食品安全,2007(02)：3-5
[25]Georg A Schreiber. Challenges for Methods to Detect Genetically Modified DNA in Foods[J]. Food Control 1999, (10):351-352
[26]广东省人民政府公告,《关于印发广东省食品安全综合评价办法的通知》http://law.baidu.com/pages/chinalawinfo/1688/53/053944749d4db0eeebbbc89b885 1d82d_0. html
[27]傅泽强,蔡运龙,杨友孝.中国食物安全基础的定量评估[J].地理研究,2001,20(11)：556-563
[28]杨崇良,张君亭,路兴波.农业转基因生物研究现状及安全性管理[J].山东农业科学,2002(5)：50-52
[29]杜树新,韩绍甫.基于模糊综合评价方法的食品安全状态评价[J].中国食品学报,2006(12)：64-69
[30]肖枚,袁界平,陈连勇.食品安全的影响因素与保障措施探讨[J].农业工程学报,2007(2)：286-289
[31]韩哲.影响食品安全的因素及对策分析[J].农业工程技术,2007(2)：40-42
[32]雷方华.浅谈影响食品安全问题的主要因素及解决策略[J].中国食品,2007(12)：48-49
[33]Voet H, Mul A, Klaveren J. A probabilistic model for simultaneous exposure to multiple compounds from food and its use for risk-benenfit assessment [J]. Food and Chemical Toxicology,2007 (45):1496-1506
[34]刘桂然,霍会川.灰色综合评判法在食品卫生监督质量中和评价中的应用[J].技术方法,2002(6)：176-176
[35]张正飞,季明强.应用密切值法综合评价丽江地区食品卫生监督执法成效[J].现代预防医学,2001(03)：344-345
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