生鲜农产品冷链物流系统安全评价研究
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摘要
近年来,有关于食品安全方面的事故时有发生,已经成为国际范围内关注的焦点,但是我国的关注点主要在生产、加工以及销售过程,对物流过程中的安全问题没有足够的重视,尤其是生鲜农产品这类易腐易烂产品,出现问题更为严重,主要体现在生鲜农产品物流系统基础设施不完善、中间环节繁多、物流渠道复杂、物流结点散乱、运作效率低下等方面。这些直接导致生鲜农产品物流过程中损耗严重,安全事故频发。
本文主要在分析生鲜农产品冷链物流特征、性质基础上,结合实际调研结果,分析了跨区域和区域内生鲜农产品物流作业流程。介绍了系统可靠性理论,并将其在生鲜农产品物流系统安全评价中进行应用。以草莓为例,用DEA方法对数据以及风险水平有效性进行分析的基础上,运用风险坐标图法和GO-FLOW法分析和评价了草莓物流系统安全水平,并对运算结果进行了比较分析,针对出现的问题提出了生鲜农产品冷链物流系统安全对策建议的四种对接模式,以及未来发展趋势。
At present, food safety has become a new focus all over the world. But, more attentions are paid for the operation process consisting of produce, processing and sale than that for some problems related to the safety of agricultural products. Agricultural products supply characterizes with traditional mode made of storage and transport, especially for the fresh agricultural products, the problem is more serious. Enterprises at different stages lack enough coordination; related departments at different levels of government pay little attentions to the supervision of food safety during logistics progress; a wholesome cold chain system has not come into being; the proportion of fresh agricultural products under the conditions of refrigerated storage and transport is very low. All of these lead to a great deal of loss and accidents related to food safety during operation process of fresh agricultural products logistics.
On the basis of the character and feature of the fresh agricultural products cold chain logistics, together with the results of detailed investigation, logistics progress has been carried out from different aspects including two-dimension space model. Taking strawberry logistics as an example, the operating process of fresh agricultural products logistics covering several regions are analyzed, elementary risk analysis on logistics system with partial cold chain is presented by risk coordinate graph method, and, risk levels of strawberry logistics system in complete cold chain environment as well as partial cold chain are evaluated by GO-FLOW method, evaluation results are compared and analyzed in detail.
本文主要在分析生鲜农产品冷链物流特征、性质基础上,结合实际调研结果,分析了跨区域和区域内生鲜农产品物流作业流程。介绍了系统可靠性理论,并将其在生鲜农产品物流系统安全评价中进行应用。以草莓为例,用DEA方法对数据以及风险水平有效性进行分析的基础上,运用风险坐标图法和GO-FLOW法分析和评价了草莓物流系统安全水平,并对运算结果进行了比较分析,针对出现的问题提出了生鲜农产品冷链物流系统安全对策建议的四种对接模式,以及未来发展趋势。
At present, food safety has become a new focus all over the world. But, more attentions are paid for the operation process consisting of produce, processing and sale than that for some problems related to the safety of agricultural products. Agricultural products supply characterizes with traditional mode made of storage and transport, especially for the fresh agricultural products, the problem is more serious. Enterprises at different stages lack enough coordination; related departments at different levels of government pay little attentions to the supervision of food safety during logistics progress; a wholesome cold chain system has not come into being; the proportion of fresh agricultural products under the conditions of refrigerated storage and transport is very low. All of these lead to a great deal of loss and accidents related to food safety during operation process of fresh agricultural products logistics.
On the basis of the character and feature of the fresh agricultural products cold chain logistics, together with the results of detailed investigation, logistics progress has been carried out from different aspects including two-dimension space model. Taking strawberry logistics as an example, the operating process of fresh agricultural products logistics covering several regions are analyzed, elementary risk analysis on logistics system with partial cold chain is presented by risk coordinate graph method, and, risk levels of strawberry logistics system in complete cold chain environment as well as partial cold chain are evaluated by GO-FLOW method, evaluation results are compared and analyzed in detail.
引文
[1]赵敏.农产品物流.北京：中国物资出版社,2007.
[2]彭芬.生鲜农产品物流现状.物流技术,2009,1(28),68-71.
[3]张扬.生鲜农产品冷链物流国外发展现状研究.2008,3(4),88-90.
[4]孙红菊.农产品冷链物流浅析.物流技术,2009,2(3)：34-35.
[5]杨光华.生鲜农产品物流模式研究.物流技术,2009,8(10)：99-102.
[6]宋林波.金融危机下果蔬冷链物流战略探讨.现代商贸工业,2009,3(17)：54-55.
[7]Vander Vorst JGAJ. Product traceability in food-supply chains. A creditation and Quality Assurance,2006,34(11):33-37.
[8]Epperson JE, Estes EA. Fruit and vegetable supply-chain management, innovation and competitiveness cooperative regional research projects. Journal of Food Distribution,1999,28(30),38-43.
[9]沈祖培,黄祥瑞.GO法原理及应用.北京：清华大学出版社,2004.
[10]李海泉,李刚.系统可靠性分析与设计.北京：科学出版社,2003.
[11]余小川,季建华.物流系统的可靠度及其优化研究.管理工程学报,2007,9(7),11-12.
[12]陈敬贤,施国洪,马汉武.基于改进灰关联分析法的供应链风险评价模型.软科学,2008,10(9)：20-21.
[13]张诚,单圣涤.浅谈物流安全管理.企业经济,2006,5(13),67-69.
[14]苏永龙,钟磊刚.HACCP在物流作业管理中的应用.物流技术,2004,1(13),13-14.
[15]韩月明,赵林度.超市食品物流安全控制分析.物流技术,2005,10(43),56-58.
[16]宋汉利,于勇.农产品冷链物流中的安全监控应用研究.物流技术,2007,2(55),78-80.
[17]秦庭荣,陈伟炯等.综合安全评价(FSA)方法.中国安全科学学报,2005,4(4),11-14.
[18]邱祝强.基于冷藏链的生鲜农产品物流网络优化及其安全风险评价研究：(博士学位论文).长沙：中南大学,2007.
[19]赵英霞.中国农产品冷链物流发展对策探讨.哈尔滨商业大学学报(社会科学版),2010,2(12),34-36.
[20]冯华,王振红.生鲜食品物流存在的问题及解决方案—冷链物流.物流技术,2009,6(15),45-48.
[21]龚树生,梁怀兰.生鲜食品的冷链物流网络研究.中国流通经济,2006,2(1),67-69.
[22]谢如鹤,刘霆.保鲜链—食品物流的后起之秀.中国物流与采购,2004,9(10),77-79.
[23]邱祝强,谢如鹤,邹毅锋.GO-FLOW法在蔬菜物流安全风险分析中的应用.武汉理工大学学报,2010,2(31),45-47.
[24]罗铮.GO-FLOW方法及其改进的精确算法.系统工程与电子技术,2005,1(55),78-80.
[25]李炯.基于GO-FLOW法的荔枝冷链物流安全评价.物流系统安全评价,2008,6(15),68-70.
[26]张诚.GO法原理和改进的定量分析方法.清华大学学报,1999,6(4),67-69.
[27]罗一心.基于GO法的供应链可靠性分析.公路交通科技,2007,3(33),47-49.
[28]张延平.GO-FLOW法在蔬菜物流安全风险分析中的应用.武汉理工大学学报,2010,4(34),77-79.
[29]盛昭瀚,朱乔,吴广谋.DEA理论方法与应用.北京：科学出版社,1996.
[30]赵勇,岳超源.DEA综合模型的研究和应用.华中理工大学学报,1996,4(56),89-92.
[31]段永瑞.数据包络分析—理论和应用.上海,上海科学普及出版社,2006.
[32]林浩.GO-FLOW原理及其计算机辅助技术：(博士学位论文).西安：国防科技大学,2003.
[33]徐文征.GO法与故障树可靠性建模的比较研究.北京轻工业学院学报,1999,2(7),79-81.
[34]王桂丽.系统可靠性分析GO法及其应用的研究：(博士学位论文).哈尔滨：哈尔滨工业大学,2006.
[35]郭永基.可靠性工程原理.北京：清华大学出版社,2002.
[36]郭波,武小悦.系统可靠性分析.西安：国防科技大学出版社,2002.
[37]赵永富,谢宗传.草莓辐照保鲜的研究.食品科学,1999,2(45),53-55.
[38]何云峰.物流组织模式与第三方物流发展.青岛行政学院学报,2004,9(3),19-21.
[39]黄祖辉,鲁伯祥,刘东英.中国超市经营生鲜农产品和供应链管理的思考,商业经济与管理,2005,12(1),9-13.
[40]纪良纲.农产品流通主体结构研究.农业经济问题,2006,2(23),78-80.
[2]彭芬.生鲜农产品物流现状.物流技术,2009,1(28),68-71.
[3]张扬.生鲜农产品冷链物流国外发展现状研究.2008,3(4),88-90.
[4]孙红菊.农产品冷链物流浅析.物流技术,2009,2(3)：34-35.
[5]杨光华.生鲜农产品物流模式研究.物流技术,2009,8(10)：99-102.
[6]宋林波.金融危机下果蔬冷链物流战略探讨.现代商贸工业,2009,3(17)：54-55.
[7]Vander Vorst JGAJ. Product traceability in food-supply chains. A creditation and Quality Assurance,2006,34(11):33-37.
[8]Epperson JE, Estes EA. Fruit and vegetable supply-chain management, innovation and competitiveness cooperative regional research projects. Journal of Food Distribution,1999,28(30),38-43.
[9]沈祖培,黄祥瑞.GO法原理及应用.北京：清华大学出版社,2004.
[10]李海泉,李刚.系统可靠性分析与设计.北京：科学出版社,2003.
[11]余小川,季建华.物流系统的可靠度及其优化研究.管理工程学报,2007,9(7),11-12.
[12]陈敬贤,施国洪,马汉武.基于改进灰关联分析法的供应链风险评价模型.软科学,2008,10(9)：20-21.
[13]张诚,单圣涤.浅谈物流安全管理.企业经济,2006,5(13),67-69.
[14]苏永龙,钟磊刚.HACCP在物流作业管理中的应用.物流技术,2004,1(13),13-14.
[15]韩月明,赵林度.超市食品物流安全控制分析.物流技术,2005,10(43),56-58.
[16]宋汉利,于勇.农产品冷链物流中的安全监控应用研究.物流技术,2007,2(55),78-80.
[17]秦庭荣,陈伟炯等.综合安全评价(FSA)方法.中国安全科学学报,2005,4(4),11-14.
[18]邱祝强.基于冷藏链的生鲜农产品物流网络优化及其安全风险评价研究：(博士学位论文).长沙：中南大学,2007.
[19]赵英霞.中国农产品冷链物流发展对策探讨.哈尔滨商业大学学报(社会科学版),2010,2(12),34-36.
[20]冯华,王振红.生鲜食品物流存在的问题及解决方案—冷链物流.物流技术,2009,6(15),45-48.
[21]龚树生,梁怀兰.生鲜食品的冷链物流网络研究.中国流通经济,2006,2(1),67-69.
[22]谢如鹤,刘霆.保鲜链—食品物流的后起之秀.中国物流与采购,2004,9(10),77-79.
[23]邱祝强,谢如鹤,邹毅锋.GO-FLOW法在蔬菜物流安全风险分析中的应用.武汉理工大学学报,2010,2(31),45-47.
[24]罗铮.GO-FLOW方法及其改进的精确算法.系统工程与电子技术,2005,1(55),78-80.
[25]李炯.基于GO-FLOW法的荔枝冷链物流安全评价.物流系统安全评价,2008,6(15),68-70.
[26]张诚.GO法原理和改进的定量分析方法.清华大学学报,1999,6(4),67-69.
[27]罗一心.基于GO法的供应链可靠性分析.公路交通科技,2007,3(33),47-49.
[28]张延平.GO-FLOW法在蔬菜物流安全风险分析中的应用.武汉理工大学学报,2010,4(34),77-79.
[29]盛昭瀚,朱乔,吴广谋.DEA理论方法与应用.北京：科学出版社,1996.
[30]赵勇,岳超源.DEA综合模型的研究和应用.华中理工大学学报,1996,4(56),89-92.
[31]段永瑞.数据包络分析—理论和应用.上海,上海科学普及出版社,2006.
[32]林浩.GO-FLOW原理及其计算机辅助技术：(博士学位论文).西安：国防科技大学,2003.
[33]徐文征.GO法与故障树可靠性建模的比较研究.北京轻工业学院学报,1999,2(7),79-81.
[34]王桂丽.系统可靠性分析GO法及其应用的研究：(博士学位论文).哈尔滨：哈尔滨工业大学,2006.
[35]郭永基.可靠性工程原理.北京：清华大学出版社,2002.
[36]郭波,武小悦.系统可靠性分析.西安：国防科技大学出版社,2002.
[37]赵永富,谢宗传.草莓辐照保鲜的研究.食品科学,1999,2(45),53-55.
[38]何云峰.物流组织模式与第三方物流发展.青岛行政学院学报,2004,9(3),19-21.
[39]黄祖辉,鲁伯祥,刘东英.中国超市经营生鲜农产品和供应链管理的思考,商业经济与管理,2005,12(1),9-13.
[40]纪良纲.农产品流通主体结构研究.农业经济问题,2006,2(23),78-80.