大型结构物小车装船栈桥分析与调载研究
|
摘要
随着我国各项建设事业的高速发展,各种结构物的建造朝着大型化、重型化和模块化方向发展。大型结构物装船是海洋平台、导管架和港口塔吊等大型结构物建造项目实施过程的重要环节。大型结构物装船主要有吊装装船、滑移装船和小车装船三种方式。小车装船具有载重量大、装船效率高、操作简单、环境适应性强等优点,该技术在国外应用广泛但处于保密状态,国内的研究尚处于起步阶段。在小车装船过程中,如何通过调载控制驳船的姿态,保证栈桥和驳船的安全性是急需解决的问题。本文以小车装船方式为研究对象,分析研究大型结构物小车装船过程中的栈桥受力和调载建模。本文主要研究内容包括:
1.设计栈桥的详细结构并提出合理的栈桥布置方案,应用APDL参数化语言建立码头和栈桥的面-面接触有限元模型,应用ANSYS分析码头和栈桥在装船极限工况中的应力和变形情况。
2.应用Solidworks建立栈桥的三维模型,选用一阶优化方法对栈桥板厚和栈桥筋板数量进行有限元优化,应用ANSYS分析栈桥优化后在装船极限工况中的应力和变形情况。
3.以驳船静力学理论为基础,分析小车停在甲板任意位置和小车纵向移动对驳船浮性和稳性的影响。考虑驳船初始状态、实时潮位变化和小车载荷分配三种环境因素,建立驳船调载模型并分析其计算方法。
4.以镍矿项目3M101模块小车装船为例,以“滨海308”驳船为调载对象,建立调载仿真模型,应用Matlab计算驳船调载方案。
综上所述,本文主要研究了大型结构物小车装船的关键问题:栈桥受力和调载建模。本文的研究以镍矿项目为背景,具有重要的工程应用价值,对于类似工程的实施也有重要的指导意义。
With the rapid development of various kinds of construction projects in China, large-scale structure is constructed towards the direction of large-scale, heavy-duty and modularization. Shipment is an important step of the construction project of large-scale structure including port crane, offshore oil platform, jacket and so on. Now, there are three shipment means including hoisting shipment, slippage shipment and platform vehicle shipment. Platform vehicle shipment has some advantages, such as big loading capacity, high efficiency, simple operation, low environmental requirements and so on. At present this technology is widely used abroad but in secret, but its research is fresh at home. It is a burning question that how to control the barge and calculate ballast water regulation to ensure safety of steel bridge and barge during the process of shipment. Taking platform vehicle shipment as a study target, the force of steel bridge and ballast water regulation model have been analyzed and researched during platform vehicle shipment of a large-scale structure. The main research of this paper can be included as follows:
1. The detailed structure of bridge and a reasonable layout scheme of bridge have been designed. A surface to surface contact finite element model of pier and bridge has been created in APDL language, the stress and deformation of bridge and pier under extreme shipment conditions have been analyzed applying ANSYS.
2. Three-dimensional model of bridge has been created applying Solidworks, bridge thicknesses and number of rib plate of bridge have been optimized by the first-order method in the optimized design module of ANSYS, the stress and deformation of the optimized bridge and pier under extreme shipment conditions have been analyzed by ANSYS.
3. Based on barge statics theory, buoyancy and stability of barge have been analyzed when platform vehicles stop in any position and longitudinally move on deck of barge. Ballast water regulation model has been established, considering three environmental factors including initial state of barge, changes of the tide level and load distribution.
4. Taking nickel project for example, and taking“Binhai 308”barge as a regulation target, ballast water regulation simulation model of 3M101 moduler has been established, and a ballast water regulation scheme has been calculated applying Matlab software.
From the above, two key issues of platform vehicle shipment have been studied, which are the force of steel bridge and ballast water regulation model. Based on the background of nickel project, this study has some important engineering values and guiding significance for the implementation of nickel project or other similar projects.
1.设计栈桥的详细结构并提出合理的栈桥布置方案,应用APDL参数化语言建立码头和栈桥的面-面接触有限元模型,应用ANSYS分析码头和栈桥在装船极限工况中的应力和变形情况。
2.应用Solidworks建立栈桥的三维模型,选用一阶优化方法对栈桥板厚和栈桥筋板数量进行有限元优化,应用ANSYS分析栈桥优化后在装船极限工况中的应力和变形情况。
3.以驳船静力学理论为基础,分析小车停在甲板任意位置和小车纵向移动对驳船浮性和稳性的影响。考虑驳船初始状态、实时潮位变化和小车载荷分配三种环境因素,建立驳船调载模型并分析其计算方法。
4.以镍矿项目3M101模块小车装船为例,以“滨海308”驳船为调载对象,建立调载仿真模型,应用Matlab计算驳船调载方案。
综上所述,本文主要研究了大型结构物小车装船的关键问题:栈桥受力和调载建模。本文的研究以镍矿项目为背景,具有重要的工程应用价值,对于类似工程的实施也有重要的指导意义。
With the rapid development of various kinds of construction projects in China, large-scale structure is constructed towards the direction of large-scale, heavy-duty and modularization. Shipment is an important step of the construction project of large-scale structure including port crane, offshore oil platform, jacket and so on. Now, there are three shipment means including hoisting shipment, slippage shipment and platform vehicle shipment. Platform vehicle shipment has some advantages, such as big loading capacity, high efficiency, simple operation, low environmental requirements and so on. At present this technology is widely used abroad but in secret, but its research is fresh at home. It is a burning question that how to control the barge and calculate ballast water regulation to ensure safety of steel bridge and barge during the process of shipment. Taking platform vehicle shipment as a study target, the force of steel bridge and ballast water regulation model have been analyzed and researched during platform vehicle shipment of a large-scale structure. The main research of this paper can be included as follows:
1. The detailed structure of bridge and a reasonable layout scheme of bridge have been designed. A surface to surface contact finite element model of pier and bridge has been created in APDL language, the stress and deformation of bridge and pier under extreme shipment conditions have been analyzed applying ANSYS.
2. Three-dimensional model of bridge has been created applying Solidworks, bridge thicknesses and number of rib plate of bridge have been optimized by the first-order method in the optimized design module of ANSYS, the stress and deformation of the optimized bridge and pier under extreme shipment conditions have been analyzed by ANSYS.
3. Based on barge statics theory, buoyancy and stability of barge have been analyzed when platform vehicles stop in any position and longitudinally move on deck of barge. Ballast water regulation model has been established, considering three environmental factors including initial state of barge, changes of the tide level and load distribution.
4. Taking nickel project for example, and taking“Binhai 308”barge as a regulation target, ballast water regulation simulation model of 3M101 moduler has been established, and a ballast water regulation scheme has been calculated applying Matlab software.
From the above, two key issues of platform vehicle shipment have been studied, which are the force of steel bridge and ballast water regulation model. Based on the background of nickel project, this study has some important engineering values and guiding significance for the implementation of nickel project or other similar projects.
引文
[1]魏雄标,王凯峰,姜先钢等,浅谈海洋石油工程大型结构物的装船方式,2009年全国钢结构学术年会论文集,成都:中国钢结构协会,2009,607~610
[2]李军,高吉富,程佳,索埃勒平板拖车运输车组的综合性能,起重运输机械,2009,(11):26~29
[3]应用SPMT建造桥梁,建筑机械技术与管理,2008,(9):59~61
[4] 2009年世界最大起重机租赁公司排行榜IC50强,建筑机械,2009,(14):13~20
[5]王欣,张明辉,高顺德等,大型动力平板车技术的发展,工程机械与维修,2006,(12):81~83
[6]俄国人创下的记录,建筑机械,2007,(18):46~49
[7]高吉富,李军,程佳,索埃勒平板运输车组在三峡工程中的应用,水力发电,2005,31(1):60~62
[8]王莉,宁波中远物流荣誉承运三菱PTA大型设备纪实,中国远洋航务公告,2005,(12):64~65
[9]肖建英,甲板驳船自由浮态滚装大型货物的研究,中国航海,2009,32(2):49~53
[10]肖民,姚寿广,路诗奎等,船舶压载水系统仿真建模与控制的研究与实现,系统仿真学报,2005,17(12):3036~3039
[11]林焰,蔡尊德,AutoCAD2002环境下驳船自动配载研究,大连理工大学学报,2005,45(5):676~681
[12]杨立,林焰,纪卓尚,基于总纵弯矩的驳船配载优化设计,船舶,2004,(4):24~27
[13]刘桂涛,章青,王慧清,基于RS-485网络的海上组块滑移装船检测系统研究,控制与检测,2005,(3):65~72
[14]Sun Chengmeng, Ji Zhoushang, Research on optimization of valve open time of the launch barge's ballast tanks, Journal of Marine Science and Application, 2009, (1): 1~6
[15]么子云,大型结构物滑移装船技术的研究:[硕士学位论文],天津:天津大学,2004
[16]周延兴,大型结构物滑移装船系统开发与实验研究:[硕士学位论文],天津:天津大学,2006
[17]刘冬冬,基于分步调载的滑移装船过程优化技术研究:[硕士学位论文],天津:天津大学,2008
[18]N.Ferguson, H.Zarate, T.Kitani, etc. An Analytical Study and Systematic Monitoring Procedure Developed for the Load-Out Operation of the North Rankin Jacket‘A’, Offshore Technology Conference, Houston: 1983, 497~504
[19]J.E.Hofferber, T.G.McGarragh, Loadout Transportation and Installation of the Harmony and Heritage Jackets, Offshore Technology Conference, Houston: 1991, 371~380
[20]A.Kurniawan, Ma Guowei, Optimization of ballast plan in launch jacket load-out, Structural and Multidisciplinary Optimization, 2009, 38(3): 267~288
[21]Y.T.Yang, B.N.Park, S.S.Ha, Development of load-out design methodology and numerical strength evaluation for on-ground-build floating storage and offloading system, Ocean Engineering, 2005, 32(8): 986~1014
[22]王凤岐,张连洪,邵宏宇,现代设计方法,天津:天津大学出版社,2004,181~184
[23]任重,ANSYS实用分析教程,北京:北京大学出版社,2003,1~2
[24]叶裕明,刘春山,沈火明等,ANSYS土木工程应用实例,北京:中国水利水电出版社,2005,1~2
[25]邱驹,港工建筑物,天津:天津大学出版社,2002,53~67
[26]蒋宗燕,钱瑞华,港航水工建筑物,北京:人民交通出版社,1998,79~138
[27]谢乔木,丁建军,钦州油码头沉箱内力数值分析,水运工程,2009,(7):97~103
[28]汪冬生,吴铁君,ANSYS中的钢筋混凝土单元,武汉理工大学学报,2004,28(4):526~529
[29]王松,喻泽红,基于ANSYS的大型沉箱码头静力学分析,中国水运,2010,10(1):40~45
[30]中华人民共和国建设部,国家质量监督检验检疫总局,GB50010-2002,混凝土结构设计规范,北京:中国计划出版社,2002
[31]古成中,吴新跃,有限元网格划分及发展趋势,计算机科学与探索,2008,2(3):248~259
[32]申国顺,刘世忠,ANSYS软件在薄壁箱梁剪力滞效应分析中的应用,甘肃科技纵横,2006,35(2):144~145
[33]中华人民共和国建设部,国家质量监督检验检疫总局,GB50017-2003,钢结构设计规范,北京:中国计划出版社,2003
[34]钱俊梅,江萧红,仲小东,浅谈基于ANSYS软件的接触分析问题,煤矿机械,2006,27(7):62~64
[35]尚晓江,邱峰,赵海峰,ANSYS结构有限元高级分析方法与范例应用,北京:中国水利水电出版社,2008,190~192
[36]小飒工作室,最新经典ANSYS及Workbench教程,北京:电子工业出版社,2004,332~353
[37]B.C. Hwang, C.H. Jeon, W.B. Bae, etc. A study of structural analysis and dynamic characteristics of a sleeve spring torsional vibration damper, The International Journal of Advanced Manufacturing Technology, 2009, (11): 1~10
[38]ANSYS users’manual for revision 11.0(Part I: Elementary Libraty), Houston: Swanson Analysis Systems Inc, 2009
[39]Mammoet Equipment Book, Holand: Mammoet Holding B.V, 2006
[40]李宏雁,ANSYS的设计优化理论及应用,一重技术,2003,(2):24~26
[41]M.M. Shokrieh, D. Rezaei, Analysis and optimization of a composite leaf spring, Composite Structures, 2003, 60(3): 317~325
[42]R.E. Abdi, M. Touratier, P. Convert, Optimal design for minimum weight in a cracked pressure vessel of a turboshaft, Communications in Numerical Methods in Engineering, 1998, 12(5): 271~280
[43]余联庆,梅顺齐,杜丽珍等,ANSYS在结构优化设计中的应用,中国水运,2007,5(3):76~77
[44]肖仕宝,丁建军,ANSYS在港工结构中的应用,水运工程,2009,(4):93~98
[45]沈华,杜嘉立,徐邦枕,船舶稳性与强度计算,大连:大连海事大学出版社,2001,31~34
[46]盛振邦,杨向荣,陈学深,船舶静力学,上海:上海交通大学出版社,1992,33~114
[47]程斌,船舶及海洋工程导论,上海:上海交通大学出版社,1996,87~97
[48]徐邦祯,姜华,重大件货物装卸中船舶稳性计算及调整,大连海事大学学报,2003,29(1):50~52
[49]王云煌,小倾角船舶稳性,世界海运,1995,(6):55~56
[50]G.C. Leland, The Treatment of Ship Bilge, Ballast and Dock Rain-Water Run-off by An Electrox Process, Ocean Engineering, 1996, 19(8): 72~74
[51]鲁谦,李连有,李来成,船舶原理手册,北京:国防工业出版社,1988,85~98
[52]葛圣彦,重大件货物专用船及装船时机的研究,物流工程与管理,2009,31(9):87~88
[53]葛圣彦,浅谈重大件货物滚装装船技术,中国科技博览,2009,(19):113~114
[54]杨晓宁,下水驳船自动配载系统研究:[硕士学位论文],大连:大连理工大学,2008
[55]中国海洋信息中心, 2010年5月青岛每日高低潮[EB/OL] , http://www.coi.gov.cn/,2010-4-30
[56]晏林,整数一次不定方程组的矩阵解法与程序设计,西南交通大学学报,2004,39(3):403~407
[2]李军,高吉富,程佳,索埃勒平板拖车运输车组的综合性能,起重运输机械,2009,(11):26~29
[3]应用SPMT建造桥梁,建筑机械技术与管理,2008,(9):59~61
[4] 2009年世界最大起重机租赁公司排行榜IC50强,建筑机械,2009,(14):13~20
[5]王欣,张明辉,高顺德等,大型动力平板车技术的发展,工程机械与维修,2006,(12):81~83
[6]俄国人创下的记录,建筑机械,2007,(18):46~49
[7]高吉富,李军,程佳,索埃勒平板运输车组在三峡工程中的应用,水力发电,2005,31(1):60~62
[8]王莉,宁波中远物流荣誉承运三菱PTA大型设备纪实,中国远洋航务公告,2005,(12):64~65
[9]肖建英,甲板驳船自由浮态滚装大型货物的研究,中国航海,2009,32(2):49~53
[10]肖民,姚寿广,路诗奎等,船舶压载水系统仿真建模与控制的研究与实现,系统仿真学报,2005,17(12):3036~3039
[11]林焰,蔡尊德,AutoCAD2002环境下驳船自动配载研究,大连理工大学学报,2005,45(5):676~681
[12]杨立,林焰,纪卓尚,基于总纵弯矩的驳船配载优化设计,船舶,2004,(4):24~27
[13]刘桂涛,章青,王慧清,基于RS-485网络的海上组块滑移装船检测系统研究,控制与检测,2005,(3):65~72
[14]Sun Chengmeng, Ji Zhoushang, Research on optimization of valve open time of the launch barge's ballast tanks, Journal of Marine Science and Application, 2009, (1): 1~6
[15]么子云,大型结构物滑移装船技术的研究:[硕士学位论文],天津:天津大学,2004
[16]周延兴,大型结构物滑移装船系统开发与实验研究:[硕士学位论文],天津:天津大学,2006
[17]刘冬冬,基于分步调载的滑移装船过程优化技术研究:[硕士学位论文],天津:天津大学,2008
[18]N.Ferguson, H.Zarate, T.Kitani, etc. An Analytical Study and Systematic Monitoring Procedure Developed for the Load-Out Operation of the North Rankin Jacket‘A’, Offshore Technology Conference, Houston: 1983, 497~504
[19]J.E.Hofferber, T.G.McGarragh, Loadout Transportation and Installation of the Harmony and Heritage Jackets, Offshore Technology Conference, Houston: 1991, 371~380
[20]A.Kurniawan, Ma Guowei, Optimization of ballast plan in launch jacket load-out, Structural and Multidisciplinary Optimization, 2009, 38(3): 267~288
[21]Y.T.Yang, B.N.Park, S.S.Ha, Development of load-out design methodology and numerical strength evaluation for on-ground-build floating storage and offloading system, Ocean Engineering, 2005, 32(8): 986~1014
[22]王凤岐,张连洪,邵宏宇,现代设计方法,天津:天津大学出版社,2004,181~184
[23]任重,ANSYS实用分析教程,北京:北京大学出版社,2003,1~2
[24]叶裕明,刘春山,沈火明等,ANSYS土木工程应用实例,北京:中国水利水电出版社,2005,1~2
[25]邱驹,港工建筑物,天津:天津大学出版社,2002,53~67
[26]蒋宗燕,钱瑞华,港航水工建筑物,北京:人民交通出版社,1998,79~138
[27]谢乔木,丁建军,钦州油码头沉箱内力数值分析,水运工程,2009,(7):97~103
[28]汪冬生,吴铁君,ANSYS中的钢筋混凝土单元,武汉理工大学学报,2004,28(4):526~529
[29]王松,喻泽红,基于ANSYS的大型沉箱码头静力学分析,中国水运,2010,10(1):40~45
[30]中华人民共和国建设部,国家质量监督检验检疫总局,GB50010-2002,混凝土结构设计规范,北京:中国计划出版社,2002
[31]古成中,吴新跃,有限元网格划分及发展趋势,计算机科学与探索,2008,2(3):248~259
[32]申国顺,刘世忠,ANSYS软件在薄壁箱梁剪力滞效应分析中的应用,甘肃科技纵横,2006,35(2):144~145
[33]中华人民共和国建设部,国家质量监督检验检疫总局,GB50017-2003,钢结构设计规范,北京:中国计划出版社,2003
[34]钱俊梅,江萧红,仲小东,浅谈基于ANSYS软件的接触分析问题,煤矿机械,2006,27(7):62~64
[35]尚晓江,邱峰,赵海峰,ANSYS结构有限元高级分析方法与范例应用,北京:中国水利水电出版社,2008,190~192
[36]小飒工作室,最新经典ANSYS及Workbench教程,北京:电子工业出版社,2004,332~353
[37]B.C. Hwang, C.H. Jeon, W.B. Bae, etc. A study of structural analysis and dynamic characteristics of a sleeve spring torsional vibration damper, The International Journal of Advanced Manufacturing Technology, 2009, (11): 1~10
[38]ANSYS users’manual for revision 11.0(Part I: Elementary Libraty), Houston: Swanson Analysis Systems Inc, 2009
[39]Mammoet Equipment Book, Holand: Mammoet Holding B.V, 2006
[40]李宏雁,ANSYS的设计优化理论及应用,一重技术,2003,(2):24~26
[41]M.M. Shokrieh, D. Rezaei, Analysis and optimization of a composite leaf spring, Composite Structures, 2003, 60(3): 317~325
[42]R.E. Abdi, M. Touratier, P. Convert, Optimal design for minimum weight in a cracked pressure vessel of a turboshaft, Communications in Numerical Methods in Engineering, 1998, 12(5): 271~280
[43]余联庆,梅顺齐,杜丽珍等,ANSYS在结构优化设计中的应用,中国水运,2007,5(3):76~77
[44]肖仕宝,丁建军,ANSYS在港工结构中的应用,水运工程,2009,(4):93~98
[45]沈华,杜嘉立,徐邦枕,船舶稳性与强度计算,大连:大连海事大学出版社,2001,31~34
[46]盛振邦,杨向荣,陈学深,船舶静力学,上海:上海交通大学出版社,1992,33~114
[47]程斌,船舶及海洋工程导论,上海:上海交通大学出版社,1996,87~97
[48]徐邦祯,姜华,重大件货物装卸中船舶稳性计算及调整,大连海事大学学报,2003,29(1):50~52
[49]王云煌,小倾角船舶稳性,世界海运,1995,(6):55~56
[50]G.C. Leland, The Treatment of Ship Bilge, Ballast and Dock Rain-Water Run-off by An Electrox Process, Ocean Engineering, 1996, 19(8): 72~74
[51]鲁谦,李连有,李来成,船舶原理手册,北京:国防工业出版社,1988,85~98
[52]葛圣彦,重大件货物专用船及装船时机的研究,物流工程与管理,2009,31(9):87~88
[53]葛圣彦,浅谈重大件货物滚装装船技术,中国科技博览,2009,(19):113~114
[54]杨晓宁,下水驳船自动配载系统研究:[硕士学位论文],大连:大连理工大学,2008
[55]中国海洋信息中心, 2010年5月青岛每日高低潮[EB/OL] , http://www.coi.gov.cn/,2010-4-30
[56]晏林,整数一次不定方程组的矩阵解法与程序设计,西南交通大学学报,2004,39(3):403~407