基于集疏运一体化的战略装车点布局与运输组织
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摘要
战略装车点是新时期铁路现代化的装车作业场所,是以智能化的装载系统,大容量的仓储能力,高效规模化的作业方法,能够集中存储,整列配车、整列装车、整列始发,对全路货物发送和生产效率具有重要影响和重大意义的装车点。战略装车点货运集中化的基础和核心,是铁路跨越式发展的重要内容之一,是优化生产力布局、提高货运技术水平和管理水平、提高运输效率的需要,是促进国民经济的持续快速发展,铁路运输规模化、集约化发展的重要举措,也是适应现代物流发展趋势的重要应对措施。科学的规划建设战略装车点,完善相应的运输组织,科学运营管理战略装车点,合理使有限的铁路运力资源,具有一定的理论指导价值和重要的现实意义。
本文基于集疏运一体化,对战略装车点建设原则及内容进行了介绍,分析了国内已经建成投产的战略装成点的运营情况,重点总结了战略装车点的布局规划方法,并建立了模糊机会约束规划的战略装车点优化模型,给出模型求解算法。概括起来,主要研究的内容如下：
(1)在集疏运一体化的理念指导下,从战略装车点建设的基本原则、评价指标、规划方法等方面探讨了如何加强建设战略装车点的规划布局问题。
(2)研究了战略装车点经营管理方法与措施,以便实现铁路货运整体效率最大化。
(3)对与战略装车点密切相关的路企直通的运输组织就行了相应的研究。分析了路企直通运输的基本特点,阐述了与战略装车点的关系,并研究了完善直通运输的组织措施。
As a modern cargo-loading workplace in the new period, StrategicCargo-loading Spot can put consolidated storage into practice with intelligent loading system, large-capacity storage ability and efficient and large-scale operating way so as to achieve entire column with cars, the entire column loading and the entire column of origin, which is an influential and significant loading spot for delivering goods and production efficiency. Being an important aspect of railway leap-forward development, the basis and core of centralized freight transport in Strategic Cargo-loading Spot is not only the requirements to optimize the distribution of productive forces, improve technology and management level of freight transport, and improve transport efficiency, but also the important measures to promote sustained and rapid development of national economy, make rail scale and intensive development, which adapts to the modern logistics trends. It has certain theoretical guided value and vital practical significance to improve the corresponding transport organization and to make the use of the limited railway capacity reasonably by scientific planning and constructing Strategic Cargo-loading Spot which is operated and managed scientifically.
Through introducing the basic principle and contents of strategic cargo-loading spot, this paper emphatically concludes the planning method of strategic cargo-loading spot on the basis of analyzing the running situation of domestic completed strategic cargo-loading spot. Therefore, the optimization model based on Fuzzy Chance Constraine Programming is built and its solution is also submitted. To sum up, main contents of the study are as follows:
(1)In the guidance of the idea of integrating aggregate with separation, how to strengthen the planning and constructing of strategic cargo-loading spot is discussed from the basic principle of construction, the appraisable index and the planning method.
(2) Operating methods and measures of strategic cargo-loading spot are studied in order to realize the overall efficiency maximization of railway freight.
(3) The transportation organizations of railway and enterprise related strategic cargo-loading spot are also researched. And by analyzing the characteristics of transportation between railway and enterprises, this paper expounds the relations with strategic cargo-loading spot and suggests some measures to improve organizing the through transportation.
本文基于集疏运一体化,对战略装车点建设原则及内容进行了介绍,分析了国内已经建成投产的战略装成点的运营情况,重点总结了战略装车点的布局规划方法,并建立了模糊机会约束规划的战略装车点优化模型,给出模型求解算法。概括起来,主要研究的内容如下：
(1)在集疏运一体化的理念指导下,从战略装车点建设的基本原则、评价指标、规划方法等方面探讨了如何加强建设战略装车点的规划布局问题。
(2)研究了战略装车点经营管理方法与措施,以便实现铁路货运整体效率最大化。
(3)对与战略装车点密切相关的路企直通的运输组织就行了相应的研究。分析了路企直通运输的基本特点,阐述了与战略装车点的关系,并研究了完善直通运输的组织措施。
As a modern cargo-loading workplace in the new period, StrategicCargo-loading Spot can put consolidated storage into practice with intelligent loading system, large-capacity storage ability and efficient and large-scale operating way so as to achieve entire column with cars, the entire column loading and the entire column of origin, which is an influential and significant loading spot for delivering goods and production efficiency. Being an important aspect of railway leap-forward development, the basis and core of centralized freight transport in Strategic Cargo-loading Spot is not only the requirements to optimize the distribution of productive forces, improve technology and management level of freight transport, and improve transport efficiency, but also the important measures to promote sustained and rapid development of national economy, make rail scale and intensive development, which adapts to the modern logistics trends. It has certain theoretical guided value and vital practical significance to improve the corresponding transport organization and to make the use of the limited railway capacity reasonably by scientific planning and constructing Strategic Cargo-loading Spot which is operated and managed scientifically.
Through introducing the basic principle and contents of strategic cargo-loading spot, this paper emphatically concludes the planning method of strategic cargo-loading spot on the basis of analyzing the running situation of domestic completed strategic cargo-loading spot. Therefore, the optimization model based on Fuzzy Chance Constraine Programming is built and its solution is also submitted. To sum up, main contents of the study are as follows:
(1)In the guidance of the idea of integrating aggregate with separation, how to strengthen the planning and constructing of strategic cargo-loading spot is discussed from the basic principle of construction, the appraisable index and the planning method.
(2) Operating methods and measures of strategic cargo-loading spot are studied in order to realize the overall efficiency maximization of railway freight.
(3) The transportation organizations of railway and enterprise related strategic cargo-loading spot are also researched. And by analyzing the characteristics of transportation between railway and enterprises, this paper expounds the relations with strategic cargo-loading spot and suggests some measures to improve organizing the through transportation.
引文
[1]铁道部统计年鉴[M].北京：中国铁道出版社,2007/2008.
[2]铁道部运输局全路建设战略装车点的指导性意见[J].客货专刊.2006,4.
[3]苏顺虎.铁路物流系统理论与规划方法[M].北京：中国铁道出版社,2010.
[4]邓煜阳等,基于战略装车点的铁路货运业务流程再造研究[J].铁路视点,2007.
[5]李维平.培育战略装车点提高铁路运输能力[J].铁道运输与经济,2006.
[6]杨茂盛,魏宝红.针对第三方物流企业的物流中心选址模型研究及算法讨论[J].物流技术,2005.
[7]武建新.改革货运组织方式开辟新的货运增长点[J].铁道货运,2007.
[8]纪丽君,林柏梁,乔国会,田亚明.战略装车点多点选址模型及算法[J].北京交通大学学报,2009.
[9]纪丽君,林柏梁.战略装车点选址模型[J].铁道学报,2008,30(5)：8-11.
[10]陈大为.兰州铁路局战略装车点布局规划研究[D].北京交通大学,2006
[11]张宇峰.张宇峰.铁路货运集中化若干问题的研究[D].北京交通大学,2006
[12]郭玉华,宗岩,徐利民.实施战略装车点建设及路企直通运输战略的思考[J].铁道运输与经济,2009.
[13]张曙光.中国铁路运输组织理论创新与实践[M].北京：中国铁道出版社,2010.
[14]陈宜吉.铁路货运组织.北京：中国铁道出版社,2001.
[15]刘凯.我国铁路货运集中化有关问题探讨.铁道学报,1995,17(4)
[16]冯芬玲,李夏苗.进一步推进货运集中化是我国铁路运输企业发展的必然选择[J].技术经济,2002.
[17]王德占,王耀球.加快推进呼和浩特铁路局多元经营在华北地区集疏运系统建设的思考[J].物流技术,2008.7
[18]杨浩.铁路运输组织学.北京：中国铁道出版社,2001
[19]苏顺虎.认清面临形势,抓住难得机遇,在和谐铁路建设中推进多元经营与运输主业相互促进共同发展[J].铁道经济研究,2007.
[20]罗兵国.铁路货场集中化的探讨[J].铁道货运,2005.
[21]K Narasirnhan.Activity based management:improving processes and profitability[J]. Measuring Business Excel lence,2003,7(2).
[22]Peter B. B.Turney. How activity-based costing helps reduce cost[J].Journal of Cost Management,1996,4(4).
[23]宋伯慧,王耀球.装卸搬运设备配置优化研究[J].物流技术,2006.
[24]赵荔功.新形势下铁路装卸机械管理的探讨[J].铁道货运,2006.
[25]王庆云.交通运输发展理论与实践[M].北京：中国科学技术出版社,2006.
[26]郭竹学.加强战略装(卸)车点和区域物流基地建设促进铁路现代化物流发展[J].中国铁路,2008.
[27]James C, Johnson. Contemporary Logistics[M]. Prentice-Hall Press,1998.
[28]Martin Christopher. Marketing Logistics[M]. Oxford:Alden Press Ltd,1997.
[29]韩旭辉,郭鹏.推进战略装车点建设的实践与思考[J].铁道货运,2009
[30]李勤昌主编.国际货物运输.东北财经大学出版社,2007.
[31]牛慧恩.我国物流园区规划建设的若干问题探讨[J].城市规划,2001.
[32]Tatsiopoulos I P, Panayiotou N. The integration of activity based costing and enterprise modeling for reengineering purposes[J], Intema-tional Journal of Production Economics,2000,66:33-44.
[33]朱昌峰,王庆荣.铁路货场装卸作业量的灰色预测模型[J].铁道货运,2005.
[34]Bernard Pierce. Activity based costing[J]. Accountancy Ireland, 2004,36(5).
[35]何清.模糊聚类分析理论与应用研究进展[J].模糊系统与数学,1998.
[36]Kofi Nyamekye. New tool for business process re—engineering [J]. HE Solutions,2000,32(3).
[37]杨兆升.运输系统规划与模型[M].北京：人民交通出版社,1995.
[38]Gupta U. Multi—Event Crisis Management using non-cooperative repeated games[D]. Tampa:Univ South Florida,2004.
[39]张国伍等.交通运输规划决策支持系统[M].北京：中国铁道出版社,1996.
[40]Fiedrich F, Gehbauer F, Rickets U. Optimized resourceal location for emergency response after earthquake disasters [J]. Safety Science 2000.
[41]陈治亚,李振田.基于现代物流理念的铁路货运站布局[J].铁道科学与工程学报,2005.
[42]Shetty S R. An event driven single game solution forresource Mlocation in multi—crisis environment[D]. Tampa:Univ South Florida,2004.
[43]Liu B D, Iwamura K. Chance constrained programming with fuzzy parameters [J]. Fuzzy Set and systems(S1000-1506),1998.
[44]刘宝碇,赵瑞清.随机规划与模糊规划[M].北京：清华大学出版社,1998.
[45]Nash J. Equilibrium points in n-person games[J]. Proc National Acad Sci USA,1950.
[46]陈玲丽,刘林忠.基于可信度模糊费用多设施选址模型和算法[J].运筹与管理,2006.
[47]韩建成.大连港铁一体化技术运体系研究,中国铁路.2006.
[48]笔者对西安局的现场调研数据。
[49]吴群琪.运输需求经济分析[J].交通运输工程学报.2001(2).
[50]李夏苗.现代铁路货物运输理论研究[D].北京：西南交通大学,2002
[51]王东梁,牛惠民.铁路货代向现代物流发展的思考[J].物流科技,2006.
[52]胡志.大秦线2万吨重载列车运输组织模式分析[D].成都：西南交通大学,2005.
[53]宋建业.铁路运输组织学[M].北京：中国铁道出版社,2006.
[2]铁道部运输局全路建设战略装车点的指导性意见[J].客货专刊.2006,4.
[3]苏顺虎.铁路物流系统理论与规划方法[M].北京：中国铁道出版社,2010.
[4]邓煜阳等,基于战略装车点的铁路货运业务流程再造研究[J].铁路视点,2007.
[5]李维平.培育战略装车点提高铁路运输能力[J].铁道运输与经济,2006.
[6]杨茂盛,魏宝红.针对第三方物流企业的物流中心选址模型研究及算法讨论[J].物流技术,2005.
[7]武建新.改革货运组织方式开辟新的货运增长点[J].铁道货运,2007.
[8]纪丽君,林柏梁,乔国会,田亚明.战略装车点多点选址模型及算法[J].北京交通大学学报,2009.
[9]纪丽君,林柏梁.战略装车点选址模型[J].铁道学报,2008,30(5)：8-11.
[10]陈大为.兰州铁路局战略装车点布局规划研究[D].北京交通大学,2006
[11]张宇峰.张宇峰.铁路货运集中化若干问题的研究[D].北京交通大学,2006
[12]郭玉华,宗岩,徐利民.实施战略装车点建设及路企直通运输战略的思考[J].铁道运输与经济,2009.
[13]张曙光.中国铁路运输组织理论创新与实践[M].北京：中国铁道出版社,2010.
[14]陈宜吉.铁路货运组织.北京：中国铁道出版社,2001.
[15]刘凯.我国铁路货运集中化有关问题探讨.铁道学报,1995,17(4)
[16]冯芬玲,李夏苗.进一步推进货运集中化是我国铁路运输企业发展的必然选择[J].技术经济,2002.
[17]王德占,王耀球.加快推进呼和浩特铁路局多元经营在华北地区集疏运系统建设的思考[J].物流技术,2008.7
[18]杨浩.铁路运输组织学.北京：中国铁道出版社,2001
[19]苏顺虎.认清面临形势,抓住难得机遇,在和谐铁路建设中推进多元经营与运输主业相互促进共同发展[J].铁道经济研究,2007.
[20]罗兵国.铁路货场集中化的探讨[J].铁道货运,2005.
[21]K Narasirnhan.Activity based management:improving processes and profitability[J]. Measuring Business Excel lence,2003,7(2).
[22]Peter B. B.Turney. How activity-based costing helps reduce cost[J].Journal of Cost Management,1996,4(4).
[23]宋伯慧,王耀球.装卸搬运设备配置优化研究[J].物流技术,2006.
[24]赵荔功.新形势下铁路装卸机械管理的探讨[J].铁道货运,2006.
[25]王庆云.交通运输发展理论与实践[M].北京：中国科学技术出版社,2006.
[26]郭竹学.加强战略装(卸)车点和区域物流基地建设促进铁路现代化物流发展[J].中国铁路,2008.
[27]James C, Johnson. Contemporary Logistics[M]. Prentice-Hall Press,1998.
[28]Martin Christopher. Marketing Logistics[M]. Oxford:Alden Press Ltd,1997.
[29]韩旭辉,郭鹏.推进战略装车点建设的实践与思考[J].铁道货运,2009
[30]李勤昌主编.国际货物运输.东北财经大学出版社,2007.
[31]牛慧恩.我国物流园区规划建设的若干问题探讨[J].城市规划,2001.
[32]Tatsiopoulos I P, Panayiotou N. The integration of activity based costing and enterprise modeling for reengineering purposes[J], Intema-tional Journal of Production Economics,2000,66:33-44.
[33]朱昌峰,王庆荣.铁路货场装卸作业量的灰色预测模型[J].铁道货运,2005.
[34]Bernard Pierce. Activity based costing[J]. Accountancy Ireland, 2004,36(5).
[35]何清.模糊聚类分析理论与应用研究进展[J].模糊系统与数学,1998.
[36]Kofi Nyamekye. New tool for business process re—engineering [J]. HE Solutions,2000,32(3).
[37]杨兆升.运输系统规划与模型[M].北京：人民交通出版社,1995.
[38]Gupta U. Multi—Event Crisis Management using non-cooperative repeated games[D]. Tampa:Univ South Florida,2004.
[39]张国伍等.交通运输规划决策支持系统[M].北京：中国铁道出版社,1996.
[40]Fiedrich F, Gehbauer F, Rickets U. Optimized resourceal location for emergency response after earthquake disasters [J]. Safety Science 2000.
[41]陈治亚,李振田.基于现代物流理念的铁路货运站布局[J].铁道科学与工程学报,2005.
[42]Shetty S R. An event driven single game solution forresource Mlocation in multi—crisis environment[D]. Tampa:Univ South Florida,2004.
[43]Liu B D, Iwamura K. Chance constrained programming with fuzzy parameters [J]. Fuzzy Set and systems(S1000-1506),1998.
[44]刘宝碇,赵瑞清.随机规划与模糊规划[M].北京：清华大学出版社,1998.
[45]Nash J. Equilibrium points in n-person games[J]. Proc National Acad Sci USA,1950.
[46]陈玲丽,刘林忠.基于可信度模糊费用多设施选址模型和算法[J].运筹与管理,2006.
[47]韩建成.大连港铁一体化技术运体系研究,中国铁路.2006.
[48]笔者对西安局的现场调研数据。
[49]吴群琪.运输需求经济分析[J].交通运输工程学报.2001(2).
[50]李夏苗.现代铁路货物运输理论研究[D].北京：西南交通大学,2002
[51]王东梁,牛惠民.铁路货代向现代物流发展的思考[J].物流科技,2006.
[52]胡志.大秦线2万吨重载列车运输组织模式分析[D].成都：西南交通大学,2005.
[53]宋建业.铁路运输组织学[M].北京：中国铁道出版社,2006.