城乡结合部民间物流仓储的社会经济分析
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摘要
随着城市的快速发展和集聚功能的加强,一些非正规的物流仓储活动也得以生存并迅速蔓延,城乡结合部的民间物流仓储的规模尤其庞大,呈现出一种正规与非正规共存的二元仓储竞争格局,同时带来了各种社会、经济的影响。其必要的社会经济分析有助于深入探讨物流仓储业整体效率的提高,在一定程度上将丰富城市物流系统分析与设计的研究方法和思路。
本论文对民间物流仓储与正规物流仓储加以界定,对城乡结合部民间物流仓储的内外部环境、需求及其问题进行分析,对其作业流程和收益成本结构进行分解,运用网络均衡理论对其供应链环境下的市场竞争力进行探索分析,运用DEA理论进行经济效益与社会经济效益分析与评价,为城市物流系统的完善和提升提供一个新的思路和较为可靠的科学根据。主要研究内容如下：
(1)围绕城乡结合部民间物流仓储的现状、概念框架等深入分析与研究,结合博弈论、价值链理论等,对民间物流仓储的定义、特征、行为主体及其博弈过程进行了科学界定,接着对其形成的背景条件和动力因素进行了系统整理与分析,并分析了它所处的宏微观市场环境及其演变趋势,研究表明它属于一种内生的、自下而上的现象和行为,具有一定的无序性。
(2)通过结合其作业环节的特点,全面分析了民间物流仓储成本收益的构成,进而分析了民间物流仓储提供商的内部收益、中间商销售收入以及由此经济行为而产生的相关外部收益,研究了其各作业环节所产生的内部成本,如仓储设施建设成本、仓储成本、装卸搬运成本以及运输成本等,详细分析并量化了因负外部性而造成的土地外部成本、环境成本、道路破坏成本和交通堵塞成本等外部成本。
(3)基于以商流为前提、物质需求为基础的物流仓储设施的网络特性,以供应链为支撑,研究了网络环境下仓储商决策行为、生产商决策行为、中间商决策行为、顾客决策行为及其均衡条件,引入变分不等式工具,构建了一个多层次多商品流供应链网络均衡模型,给出了它求解的修正投影算法和等价的交通网络均衡超网络结构,由此结合微观经济学理论,研究了宏、微观环境动态变化对民间物流仓储市场竞争力的影响,尤其是随着这种竞争力的变化,整个网络绩效包括消费者剩余和社会总福利的变化情况。
(4)通过梳理民间物流仓储社会经济效益评价的基本内容、目标和原则,确定了它的评价方法及其框架,遵循简单、实用和有效的构建原则,建立了基于建设、储存、配送交付子过程的经济效益评价网络DEA模型,选择了相应的输入输出指标,并给出了求解方法和步骤,根据收集的相关数据测算并分析了它的结果。构建了社会经济效益评价"DEA-Tobit评价模型”,建立了包括反映服务质量、行业趋势、外部性问题的综合绩效评价指标,提供了一套关于物流仓储社会经济效益评价较为完备的评估体系。
(5)综合前述理论研究和实证分析,针对民间物流仓储问题的实际,从规划与供给、市场管理以及信息处理与共享三个方面提出了城市物流仓储均衡协调发展的策略与建议,为物流仓储业的整体发展提供有益参考。
本研究对于政府及其职能部门从战略高度科学管理与决策,以及仓储企业转变经营观念,开展物流成本控制和绩效衡量具有借鉴意义。
With the rapid development of cities and the enhancing of their gathering functions, a number of civil logistics storage activities begin to spread rapidly. Among those activities, these in the urban-rural fringes with their large warehousing scale show their competition ability of storage as a result of the coexistence of formal and informal storage, which offers a variety of social and economic impact. Thus, the necessary socio-economic analysis can help improve the overall efficiency of logistics and warehousing industry and enrich the designing and analyinging methods of urban logistics systems.
In this paper, we define and formal logistics storage from a new perspective and analyze the civil logistics storage's internal and external environment and demanding problems. Besides, its operation process and cost struction are also decomposed. The network equilibrium theory is used to analyze its market competition ability under the supply chain environment. The DEA theory is used to analyze and evaluate its social and economic benefit, which could provide a new way of thinking and more reliable scientific basis for perfecting and improving the city's logistics system. The main contents are introduced in the following passage:
(1) Based on the current condition and conceptual framework of the civil logistics storage in urban-rural fringe, in-depth analysis and research is done, which is combined with game theory and theory of value chain. This paper also scientificly define the civil logistics storage in urban-rural fringe together with its characteristics, behavior, and game process. Systematic collection and analysis is done on the background conditions of its formation and dynamic factors. The macro and micro market environment and its evolution is also analyzed. The research shows that it is an endogenous, bottom-up phenomenon and behavior, which is disordered.
(2) By combining the characteristics of its operating procedures, a comprehensive analysis is done on the civil logistics storage's structure of costs and benefits, based on which its supplier's internal benefits and the broker's distributing benefits is analyzed together with the external benefits related to this economic activity. The internal costs of each operating procedure is studied, such as storage facilities costs, storage costs, handling costs and transportation costs. A detailed and quantitive analysis is done on external costs, such as the environmental costs, the cost of road damage and traffic congestion costs and other external costs.
(3) The logistics storage facilities' network characteristics is business-flow-premised and material needs-based. With the support of the supply chain, research is done on the network warehousing businessmen's, manufacturer's, brokers', and customers'decision-making behaviors and equilibrium conditions under the network environment. Variational inequalities is introduced to build a multi-level and multi-commodity flow supply chain network equilibrium model. And its revised projection algorithm and super traffic network equilibrium model are given to solve the problem. Combined with the micro-economic theory, the influence of the macro and micro dynamic change of the environment on civil logistics storage'market competition ability is well-studied. With the change of this ability, the entire network's performance includes the total consumer surplus and social welfare changes are well analyzed.
(4) Throuth analyzing the basic contents, objectives and principles of the civil logistics storage's social economic evaluation, it is found that its evaluation method and framework follow the building principles which are simple, practical and efficient. Economic evaluation network DEA model is established based on the processes of construction, storage, distribution. The corresponding input and output indicators are selected. And the solution method and procedures are given. Its results are analyzed according to the corresponding data collected. Then the "DEA-Tobit evaluation model" for social and economic benefits assessment is built and mixed DEA model is introducted for improving. Thus, it has a good effect on handling both tapered and non-cone index, including the establishment of comprehensive external performance evaluation ones which reflect the quality of service, industry trends, issues, logistics and external problems. A self-contained assessment system for the evaluation of the logistics storage's social and economic benefits is provided and it is verifird that the mixed DEA-Tobit model is scientific and practical.
(5) Based on the aforementioned theoretical and empirical analysis, strategies and suggestions are offered on how to develop the urban logistics storage industry in a balanced and coordinated way from the three aspects which are planning and supplying, market equilibrium management and information processing and sharing. All of these researches provide some useful reference for the logistics storage industry's development.
This paper offers a good reference for the government and its functions to scientificly manage and make decisions, and for the logistics storage enterprises to change their concept of doing business, to control logistics cost and measure their performances.
本论文对民间物流仓储与正规物流仓储加以界定,对城乡结合部民间物流仓储的内外部环境、需求及其问题进行分析,对其作业流程和收益成本结构进行分解,运用网络均衡理论对其供应链环境下的市场竞争力进行探索分析,运用DEA理论进行经济效益与社会经济效益分析与评价,为城市物流系统的完善和提升提供一个新的思路和较为可靠的科学根据。主要研究内容如下：
(1)围绕城乡结合部民间物流仓储的现状、概念框架等深入分析与研究,结合博弈论、价值链理论等,对民间物流仓储的定义、特征、行为主体及其博弈过程进行了科学界定,接着对其形成的背景条件和动力因素进行了系统整理与分析,并分析了它所处的宏微观市场环境及其演变趋势,研究表明它属于一种内生的、自下而上的现象和行为,具有一定的无序性。
(2)通过结合其作业环节的特点,全面分析了民间物流仓储成本收益的构成,进而分析了民间物流仓储提供商的内部收益、中间商销售收入以及由此经济行为而产生的相关外部收益,研究了其各作业环节所产生的内部成本,如仓储设施建设成本、仓储成本、装卸搬运成本以及运输成本等,详细分析并量化了因负外部性而造成的土地外部成本、环境成本、道路破坏成本和交通堵塞成本等外部成本。
(3)基于以商流为前提、物质需求为基础的物流仓储设施的网络特性,以供应链为支撑,研究了网络环境下仓储商决策行为、生产商决策行为、中间商决策行为、顾客决策行为及其均衡条件,引入变分不等式工具,构建了一个多层次多商品流供应链网络均衡模型,给出了它求解的修正投影算法和等价的交通网络均衡超网络结构,由此结合微观经济学理论,研究了宏、微观环境动态变化对民间物流仓储市场竞争力的影响,尤其是随着这种竞争力的变化,整个网络绩效包括消费者剩余和社会总福利的变化情况。
(4)通过梳理民间物流仓储社会经济效益评价的基本内容、目标和原则,确定了它的评价方法及其框架,遵循简单、实用和有效的构建原则,建立了基于建设、储存、配送交付子过程的经济效益评价网络DEA模型,选择了相应的输入输出指标,并给出了求解方法和步骤,根据收集的相关数据测算并分析了它的结果。构建了社会经济效益评价"DEA-Tobit评价模型”,建立了包括反映服务质量、行业趋势、外部性问题的综合绩效评价指标,提供了一套关于物流仓储社会经济效益评价较为完备的评估体系。
(5)综合前述理论研究和实证分析,针对民间物流仓储问题的实际,从规划与供给、市场管理以及信息处理与共享三个方面提出了城市物流仓储均衡协调发展的策略与建议,为物流仓储业的整体发展提供有益参考。
本研究对于政府及其职能部门从战略高度科学管理与决策,以及仓储企业转变经营观念,开展物流成本控制和绩效衡量具有借鉴意义。
With the rapid development of cities and the enhancing of their gathering functions, a number of civil logistics storage activities begin to spread rapidly. Among those activities, these in the urban-rural fringes with their large warehousing scale show their competition ability of storage as a result of the coexistence of formal and informal storage, which offers a variety of social and economic impact. Thus, the necessary socio-economic analysis can help improve the overall efficiency of logistics and warehousing industry and enrich the designing and analyinging methods of urban logistics systems.
In this paper, we define and formal logistics storage from a new perspective and analyze the civil logistics storage's internal and external environment and demanding problems. Besides, its operation process and cost struction are also decomposed. The network equilibrium theory is used to analyze its market competition ability under the supply chain environment. The DEA theory is used to analyze and evaluate its social and economic benefit, which could provide a new way of thinking and more reliable scientific basis for perfecting and improving the city's logistics system. The main contents are introduced in the following passage:
(1) Based on the current condition and conceptual framework of the civil logistics storage in urban-rural fringe, in-depth analysis and research is done, which is combined with game theory and theory of value chain. This paper also scientificly define the civil logistics storage in urban-rural fringe together with its characteristics, behavior, and game process. Systematic collection and analysis is done on the background conditions of its formation and dynamic factors. The macro and micro market environment and its evolution is also analyzed. The research shows that it is an endogenous, bottom-up phenomenon and behavior, which is disordered.
(2) By combining the characteristics of its operating procedures, a comprehensive analysis is done on the civil logistics storage's structure of costs and benefits, based on which its supplier's internal benefits and the broker's distributing benefits is analyzed together with the external benefits related to this economic activity. The internal costs of each operating procedure is studied, such as storage facilities costs, storage costs, handling costs and transportation costs. A detailed and quantitive analysis is done on external costs, such as the environmental costs, the cost of road damage and traffic congestion costs and other external costs.
(3) The logistics storage facilities' network characteristics is business-flow-premised and material needs-based. With the support of the supply chain, research is done on the network warehousing businessmen's, manufacturer's, brokers', and customers'decision-making behaviors and equilibrium conditions under the network environment. Variational inequalities is introduced to build a multi-level and multi-commodity flow supply chain network equilibrium model. And its revised projection algorithm and super traffic network equilibrium model are given to solve the problem. Combined with the micro-economic theory, the influence of the macro and micro dynamic change of the environment on civil logistics storage'market competition ability is well-studied. With the change of this ability, the entire network's performance includes the total consumer surplus and social welfare changes are well analyzed.
(4) Throuth analyzing the basic contents, objectives and principles of the civil logistics storage's social economic evaluation, it is found that its evaluation method and framework follow the building principles which are simple, practical and efficient. Economic evaluation network DEA model is established based on the processes of construction, storage, distribution. The corresponding input and output indicators are selected. And the solution method and procedures are given. Its results are analyzed according to the corresponding data collected. Then the "DEA-Tobit evaluation model" for social and economic benefits assessment is built and mixed DEA model is introducted for improving. Thus, it has a good effect on handling both tapered and non-cone index, including the establishment of comprehensive external performance evaluation ones which reflect the quality of service, industry trends, issues, logistics and external problems. A self-contained assessment system for the evaluation of the logistics storage's social and economic benefits is provided and it is verifird that the mixed DEA-Tobit model is scientific and practical.
(5) Based on the aforementioned theoretical and empirical analysis, strategies and suggestions are offered on how to develop the urban logistics storage industry in a balanced and coordinated way from the three aspects which are planning and supplying, market equilibrium management and information processing and sharing. All of these researches provide some useful reference for the logistics storage industry's development.
This paper offers a good reference for the government and its functions to scientificly manage and make decisions, and for the logistics storage enterprises to change their concept of doing business, to control logistics cost and measure their performances.
引文
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